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91.
Humbert Larry Saywell Robert M. Zollinger Terrell W. Priest Caitlin F. Reger Michael K. Kochhar Komal 《Maternal and child health journal》2011,15(7):1055-1066
This study examined the association of pregnancy intention with maternal behaviors and the woman’s perceived satisfaction
with her prenatal and delivery care. Face-to-face interviews with 478 primarily Medicaid eligible women in Indianapolis, Indiana
during their postpartum hospital stay were conducted to assess their degree of satisfaction with prenatal care and pregnancy
intention, stratified into wanting to be pregnant now, later or never. Behaviors and characteristics influencing utilization of prenatal care were obtained from linked birth certificate data.
A greater proportion of younger women (15–29) wanted to be pregnant later, a greater proportion of African-Americans never wanted to be pregnant, a greater proportion of divorced and never married women wanted to be pregnant later or never, and as parity increased the percentage of women never wanting to be pregnant increased. Multivariate analyses found that
women never wanting to be pregnant were twice as likely to underutilize prenatal care, twice as likely to smoke while pregnant, half
as likely to utilize WIC services and half as likely to recommend their providers to pregnant friends or relatives compared
to women with a planned pregnancy, controlling for confounding variables. Finally, women wanting to be pregnant later were half as likely to rate their overall hospital care and prenatal care provider as high. Providers assessing their patients’
pregnancy intention could better identify those women needing additional support services to adopt healthier behaviors and
improve satisfaction with care. This study also demonstrated the value of more specific definitions of pregnancy intention. 相似文献
92.
Keiser PB Biggs-Cicatelli S Moran EE Schmiel DH Pinto VB Burden RE Miller LB Moon JE Bowden RA Cummings JF Zollinger WD 《Vaccine》2011,29(7):1413-1420
This phase I clinical trial assessed the safety and immunogenicity of a native outer membrane vesicle (NOMV) vaccine prepared from an lpxL1(−) synX(−) mutant of strain 8570(B:4:P1.19,15:L8-5) of Neisseria meningitidis. Additional mutations enhance the expression of factor H binding protein variant 1 (fHbp v.1), stabilize expression of OpcA and introduce a second PorA (P1.22,14). Thirty-six volunteers were assigned to one of four dose groups (10, 25, 50 and 75 mcg, based on protein content) to receive three intramuscular injections at six week intervals with aluminum hydroxide adjuvant. Specific local and systemic adverse events were solicited by diary and at visits on days 2, 7, and 14 after each vaccination. Blood chemistries, complete blood count, and coagulation studies were measured on each vaccination day and again 2 and 14 days later. Blood for ELISA and serum bactericidal assays was drawn two and six weeks after each vaccination.The proportion of volunteers who developed a fourfold or greater increase in bactericidal activity to the wild type parent of the vaccine strain at two weeks after the third dose was 27 out of 34 (0.79, 95% C.I. 0.65-0.93). Against four other group B strains the response rate ranged from 41% to 82% indicating a good cross reactive antibody response. Depletion assays show contributions to bactericidal activity from antibodies to lipooligosaccharide (LOS), fHbp v.1 and OpcA. 相似文献
93.
Peter A. Stegmaier Andreas Zollinger Josef X. Brunner Thomas Pasch 《Journal of clinical monitoring and computing》1998,14(2):127-134
Objective. In mechanical ventilation, the assessment of pulmonary mechanics, mainly of total compliance (Crs), total resistance (Rrs), and intrinsic positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEPint), is clinically important. By using airway pressure (Paw) and flow (Vaw), the least squares fit (LSF) method allows the continuous calculation of these parameters. The objective of this work was to study the influence of imprecise breath detection, phase shift between airway pressure and flow signals, and noise on the determination of Crs, Rrs, and PEEPint. Methods. Paw and Vaw were mathematically simulated as well as recorded in mechanically ventilated patients. Crs, Rrs, and PEEPint were computed off-line using the LSF method. The boundaries of the breath data window and the phase relationship between Paw and Vaw signals were manipulated and noise was superimposed. Results. Both simulated and patient data gave similar results. Crs and Rrs were not sensitive to imprecise breath detection. If the first portion of the breath was missed, the mean relative error on PEEPint was 20% or 53% when the exact beginning of inspiration was missed by 0.1 or 0.3 sec, respectively. Paw lag of 66 ms with respect to Vaw yielded a relative error of –15 ± 4% (mean ± SD) for Rrs, –5 ± 2% for Crs, and +13 ± 16% for PEEPint. Paw lead of 66 ms with respect to Vaw yielded a relative error of +5 ± 4% for Rrs, +7 ± 3% for Crs, and +14 ± 18% for PEEPint. Noise had very little impact on the accuracy of Crs, Rrs, and PEEPint. Conclusions. We conclude that the LSF method allows the assessment of Crs, Rrs, and PEEPint even with high levels of noise in patients with normal lungs provided that Paw and Vaw signals are precisely synchronised and a reliable breath detection algorithm is used. 相似文献
94.
Preclinical evaluation of group B Neisseria meningitidis and Escherichia coli K92 capsular polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccines in juvenile rhesus monkeys.
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S J Devi W D Zollinger P J Snoy J Y Tai P Costantini F Norelli R Rappuoli C E Frasch 《Infection and immunity》1997,65(3):1045-1052
We reported the first use of group B meningococcal conjugate vaccines in a nonhuman primate model (S. J. N. Devi, C. E. Frasch, W. Zollinger, and P. J. Snoy, p. 427-429, in J. S. Evans, S. E. Yost, M. C. J. Maiden, and I. M. Feavers, ed., Proceedings of the Ninth International Pathogenic Neisseria Conference, 1994). Three different group B Neisseria meningitidis capsular polysaccharide (B PS)-protein conjugate vaccines and an Escherichia coli K92 capsular polysaccharide-tetanus toxoid (K92-TT) conjugate vaccine are here evaluated for safety and relative immunogenicities in juvenile rhesus monkeys with or without adjuvants. Monkeys were immunized intramuscularly with either B PS-cross-reactive material 197 conjugate, B PS-outer membrane vesicle (B-OMV) conjugate, or N-propionylated B PS-outer membrane protein 3 (N-pr. B-OMP3) conjugate vaccine with or without adjuvants at weeks 0, 6, and 14. A control group of monkeys received one injection of the purified B PS alone, and another group received three injections of B PS noncovalently complexed with OMV. Antibody responses as measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay varied among individual monkeys. All vaccines except B PS and the K92-TT conjugate elicited a twofold or greater increase in total B PS antibodies after one immunization. All vaccines, including the K92-TT conjugate, elicited a rise in geometric mean B PS antibody levels of ninefold or more over the preimmune levels following the third immunization. Antibodies elicited by N-pr. B-OMP3 and B-OMV conjugates were directed to the N-propionylated or to the spacer-containing B PS antigens as well as to the native B PS complexed with methylated human serum albumin. None of the vaccines caused discernible safety-related symptoms. 相似文献
95.
Michael K. Reger Terrell W. Zollinger Ziyue Liu Josette Jones 《Journal of the American College of Nutrition》2017,36(6):434-441
Objective: A reduced risk of some cancers and cardiovascular disease associated with phytoestrogen intake may be mediated through its effect on serum C-reactive protein (CRP; an inflammation biomarker). Therefore, this study examined the associations between urinary phytoestrogens and serum CRP.Methods: Urinary phytoestrogen and serum CRP data obtained from 6009 participants aged ≥ 40 years in the continuous National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey during 1999–2010 were analyzed.Results: After adjustment for confounders, urinary concentrations of total and all individual phytoestrogens were inversely associated with serum concentrations of CRP (all p < 0.004). The largest reductions in serum CRP (mg/L) per interquartile range increase in urinary phytoestrogens (ng/mL) were observed for total phytoestrogens (β = ?0.18; 95% confidence interval [CI], ?0.22, ?0.15), total lignan (β = ?0.15; 95% CI, ?0.18, ?0.12), and enterolactone (β = ?0.15; 95% CI, ?0.19, ?0.12). A decreased risk of having high CRP concentrations (≥3.0 mg/L) for quartile 4 vs quartile 1 was also found for total phytoestrogens (OR = 0.63; 95% CI, 0.53, 0.73), total lignan (OR = 0.64; 95% CI, 0.54, 0.75), and enterolactone (OR = 0.59; 95% CI, 0.51, 0.69).Conclusion: Urinary total and individual phytoestrogens were significantly inversely associated with serum CRP in a nationally representative sample of the U.S. population. 相似文献
96.
Ken-Ichi Umehara Markus Zollinger Elizabeth Kigondu Marc Witschi Claire Juif Felix Huth 《Xenobiotica; the fate of foreign compounds in biological systems》2016,46(10):862-867
1.?Esterases may play a major role in the clearance of drugs with functional groups amenable to hydrolysis, particularly in the case of ester prodrugs. To understand the processes involved in the elimination of such drugs, it is necessary to determine the esterases involved. However, the tools currently available for this enzyme phenotyping are relatively scarce.2.?The work was aimed at summarizing the selectivity of esterase inhibitors for carboxylesterases 1 and 2 (CES1 and CES2) in the human liver to clarify their suitability for esterase phenotyping. Eserine, at around 10?μM, was found to be a highly specific CES2 inhibitor, whereas other esterase inhibitors turned out less selective. When used together with tacrine, which inhibits cholinesterases but not CES, and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (inhibitor of paraoxonases), the involvement of the hydrolyzing esterases in the hepatic clearance of a drug can be elucidated.3.?The second approach to esterase phenotyping is based on data from recombinant or isolated esterases, together with relative activity factors, which relate their activities to those of the same enzymes in subcellular fractions.4.?These two approaches will help to characterize the hydrolytic metabolism of drug candidates in a similar manner as practiced routinely for the oxidative metabolism by cytochrome P450 enzymes. 相似文献
97.
The nitric oxide synthase cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin reduces allograft ischemia-reperfusion injury after lung transplantation. 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
R A Schmid S Hillinger R Walter A Zollinger U Stammberger R Speich A Schaffner W Weder G Schoedon 《The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery》1999,118(4):726-732
OBJECTIVE: Exogenous nitric oxide reduces ischemia-reperfusion injury after solid organ transplantation. Tetrahydrobiopterin, an essential cofactor for nitric oxide synthases, may restore impaired endothelium-dependent nitric oxide synthesis. We evaluated whether tetrahydrobiopterin administration to the recipient attenuates lung reperfusion injury after transplantation in swine. METHODS: Unilateral left lung transplantation was performed in 15 weight-matched pigs (24-31 kg). Donor lungs were flushed with 1.5 L cold (1 degrees C) low-potassium-dextran solution and preserved for 20 hours. Group I animals served as controls. Group II and III animals were treated with a bolus of tetrahydrobiopterin (20 mg/kg). In addition, in group III a continuous infusion of tetrahydrobiopterin (10 mg/kg per hour over 5 hours) was given. One hour after reperfusion, the recipient right lung was occluded. Cyclic guanosine monophosphate levels were measured in the pulmonary venous and central venous blood. Extravascular lung water index, hemodynamic variables, lipid peroxidation, and neutrophil migration to the allograft were assessed. RESULTS: In group III a significant reduction of extravascular lung water was noted in comparison with the controls (P =.0047). Lipid peroxidation in lung allograft tissue was significantly reduced in group II (P =.0021) and group III ( P =. 0077) in comparison with group I. Pulmonary venous levels of cyclic guanosine monophosphate increased up to 23 +/- 1 pmol/mL at 5 hours in group II and up to 40 +/- 1 pmol/mL in group III (group I, 4.1 +/- 0.5 pmol/mL [I vs III]; P <.001), whereas central venous levels of cyclic guanosine monophosphate were unchanged in all groups. CONCLUSION: Tetrahydrobiopterin administration during lung allograft reperfusion may reduce posttransplantation lung edema and oxygen-derived free radical injury in the graft. This effect is mediated by local enhancement of the nitric oxide/cyclic guanosine monophosphate pathway. 相似文献
98.
Sze Ue Luk Yung‐Tuen Chiu Davy TW Lee Stephanie Ma Terence Kin Wah Lee Raja S Vasireddy Yong‐Chuan Wong Yick Pang Ching Colleen Nelson Yee Leng Yap Ming‐Tat Ling 《International journal of cancer. Journal international du cancer》2011,128(9):2182-2191
Emerging evidence supports that prostate cancer originates from a rare subpopulation of cells, namely prostate cancer stem cells (CSCs). Conventional therapies for prostate cancer are believed to mainly target the majority of differentiated tumor cells but spare CSCs, which may account for the subsequent disease relapse after treatment. Therefore, successful elimination of CSCs may be an effective strategy to achieve complete remission from this disease. Gamma‐tocotrienols (γ‐T3) is one of the vitamin‐E constituents, which have been shown to have anticancer effects against a wide range of human cancers. Recently, we have reported that γ‐T3 treatment not only inhibits prostate cancer cell invasion but also sensitizes the cells to docetaxel‐induced apoptosis, suggesting that γ‐T3 may be an effective therapeutic agent against advanced stage prostate cancer. Here, we demonstrate for the first time that γ‐T3 can downregulate the expression of prostate CSC markers (CD133/CD44) in androgen‐independent prostate cancer cell lines (PC‐3 and DU145), as evident from Western blotting analysis. Meanwhile, the spheroid formation ability of the prostate cancer cells was significantly hampered by γ‐T3 treatment. In addition, pretreatment of PC‐3 cells with γ‐T3 was found to suppress tumor initiation ability of the cells. More importantly, although CD133‐enriched PC‐3 cells were highly resistant to docetaxel treatment, these cells were as sensitive to γ‐T3 treatment as the CD133‐depleted population. Our data suggest that γ‐T3 may be an effective agent in targeting prostate CSCs, which may account for its anticancer and chemosensitizing effects reported in previous studies. 相似文献
99.
100.
Foldenauer U Simova-Curd S Nitzl D Bogdanova A Zollinger E Hatt JM 《Journal of avian medicine and surgery》2010,24(3):185-191
Collection of exhaled breath condensate (EBC) and the measurement of inflammatory markers contained therein (eg, hydrogen peroxide [H2O2], leukotriene B4 [LTB4], and pH) have been reported to be noninvasive tools for the investigation of respiratory disease in various species. In this study, the EBC of clinically healthy psittacine birds (n = 15) and psittacine birds with respiratory tract disease (n = 19) was examined, and inflammatory markers contained in the EBC were analyzed and compared. Awake birds were placed in an acrylic container from which the outflow passed through a condensation system that collected the EBC. All samples were analyzed for pH, H2O2, and LTB4. The mean values for each of these components, as well as the mean volume of the total EBC, measured from the apparently healthy birds did not differ significantly from those measured in birds with signs of respiratory tract disease. However, LTB4 in the EBC of diseased birds was higher than that of the apparently healthy birds and showed a trend toward significance. The study demonstrated the establishment of a standardized method for collecting and analyzing EBC in psittacine birds and a measurement protocol for pH, H2O2, and LTB4. 相似文献