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Rozen P Naiman T Strul H Taussky P Karminsky N Shomrat R Samuel Z Yaron Y Orr-Urtreger A 《Cancer》2002,94(10):2561-2568
BACKGROUND: The authors previously found the I1307K adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene variant in 5% of Ashkenazi control participants, in 15.4% of those who had familial colorectal neoplasia, but also in 1.6% of non-Ashkenazi control participants. In this study, they evaluated its use in a screening program for familial colorectal neoplasia and examined for a founder effect. METHODS: Consecutive Ashkenazim with a personal and/or family history of colorectal neoplasia had the DNA test. Markers flanking the APC gene were examined in Ashkenazi and non-Ashkenazi I1307K carriers and noncarriers. RESULTS: Among 718 persons, I1307K occurred in 6.2% of Ashkenazi participants, in 1.5% of non-Ashkenazi control participants (P = 0.02), and in 10.7% of Ashkenazim with familial neoplasia (relative risk, 1.73 [not significant compared with controls]; 95% confidence interval, 0.7-3.2). Colorectal neoplasia was detected in carriers at a younger age (P < 0.05) without excess risk for multiple colorectal neoplasia or noncolorectal neoplasia. I1307K attributable risk for colorectal neoplasia was 0.5-0.6%. Compared with noncarriers, both Ashkenazi and non-Ashkenazi I1307K carriers had similar flanking polymorphic alleles (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: I1307K is a low-penetrance genetic variant that indicates a 1.7 relative risk for neoplasia in carriers who have familial carcinoma, clinically equivalent to obtaining a family history of sporadic colorectal neoplasia and promoting early screening. I1307K is a founder genetic variant in Jews of different ethnic origin, mainly Ashkenazim, but it explains only partially their higher incidence of colorectal carcinoma. 相似文献
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Ronen Fluss Micha Mandel Laurence S. Freedman Inbal Salz Weiss Anat Ekka Zohar Ziona Haklai Ethel‐Sherry Gordon Elisheva Simchen 《Statistics in medicine》2013,32(14):2467-2478
Cross‐sectional designs are often used to monitor the proportion of infections and other post‐surgical complications acquired in hospitals. However, conventional methods for estimating incidence proportions when applied to cross‐sectional data may provide estimators that are highly biased, as cross‐sectional designs tend to include a high proportion of patients with prolonged hospitalization. One common solution is to use sampling weights in the analysis, which adjust for the sampling bias inherent in a cross‐sectional design. The current paper describes in detail a method to build weights for a national survey of post‐surgical complications conducted in Israel. We use the weights to estimate the probability of surgical site infections following colon resection, and validate the results of the weighted analysis by comparing them with those obtained from a parallel study with a historically prospective design. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
45.
Boris Draznin Ziona Oberman Daniel Ayalon Arie Harell Roma Ravid Elisabeth Hoerer Lydia Laurian 《Acta diabetologica》1977,14(1-2):51-61
Summary The effect of short-term treatment with diphenylhydantoin (DPH) on the insulin secretion patterns during OGTT and on the daily
insulin profile was studied in obese patients. DPH treatment for 3 days with a dose of 300 mg/die (100 mg, 3 times daily) significantly decreased the insulin release after glucose ingestion, but did not alter the basal
insulin level. No effect on the fasting glucose concentration as well as on the glucose profiles during OGTT was observed
after short-term DPH treatment. A smaller decrease of plasma free fatty acid concentration during OGTT performed after DPH
administration confirmed the inhibitory effect of the drug on insulin release. Short-term DPH treatment was also shown to
decrease markedly the postprandial insulin release in obese patients. No difference was noted between plasma 11-OHCS and serum
HGH concentrations during OGTT before and after DPH treatment. The possible therapeutic role of DPH in obesity is discussed. 相似文献
46.
Eli M Eisenstein Ziona Haklai Shepard Schwartz Aharon Klar Nechama Stein Eitan Kerem 《Archives of disease in childhood》2007,92(8):697-699
BACKGROUND: Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is a diagnosis of exclusion that may be assigned only after investigations including a forensic autopsy are performed to exclude possible organic and environmental causes of death. Israeli society is influenced by the Jewish and Islamic faiths, which permit autopsy only under selected circumstances. Against this background, we carried out a study to determine what examinations are performed to investigate unexplained infant deaths in Jerusalem, Israel. METHODS: We examined hospital, Ministry of Health and Ministry of Interior records of unexplained infant deaths in the Jerusalem district from the years 1996-2003. RESULTS: Ninety six cases were identified from all sources. Forty nine (51%) infants were brought to a hospital at or near the time of death. Studies to determine the cause of death were performed in 54% of cases for which medical records were available for review. These studies included bacterial cultures (44%), skeletal surveys (12%), computerised tomography (3%) and metabolic studies (3%). Only one forensic autopsy was performed, and in no instance was the death site examined by medical personnel. There was a high rate of retrospective review by district health physicians. The most frequently assigned cause of death was SIDS. CONCLUSIONS: : The capacity of public health officials and forensic pathologists to investigate unexplained infant deaths is strongly affected by the legal, religious and political milieu in which they work. Efforts should be made to develop socially acceptable methods of improving the quality of infant death investigations in Jerusalem. 相似文献
47.
Clinical features usually initiate evaluation for Lynch Syndrome (LS) but some colorectal cancer (CRC) histopathology findings are compatible with high microsatellite instability (MSI-H) that also occurs in LS. This led to the suggestion that pathologists request MSI analysis, which is an expensive addition to routine histology. We aimed to see if a Gastrointestinal Pathologist could identify MSI-H features with reproducibility and high (95%) specificity (MSI-H 95%). Histopathology of all CRCs received during 2005 and 4 MSI-H controls were scored using 2 published methods, "MsScore" and "PathScore". MSI analysis was performed on CRCs scored by either method as probable MSI-H 95% and results compared. To examine reproducibility of histopathology, 100 coded slides, including 25 scored MSI-H 95% and 75 scored low, were re-examined to now identify those needing MSI analysis. Costs were evaluated for identifying MSI-H with or without scoring. All 227 CRCs were scored for possible MSI-H 95%; 24 had high scores and MSI analysis. DNA analysis proved 14 MSI-H, PathScore identified 13 (95%), MsPath identified 9 (64%), histopathology alone identified 7 (50%). Reproducibility for identifying histopathology characteristics of MSI-H at re-examination, without scoring, was "moderate agreement" (Kappa statistic?=?0.4615). Costs for identifying MSI-H by PathScore were the lowest, $436/identification. Conclusions; PathScore identified the most proven MSI-H CRCs at lowest cost and even an experienced gastrointestinal pathologist has difficulties identify MSI-H without scoring. So, scoring can be facilitated by a computerized evaluation form for routine CRC histology, prompting score computation and recommendation for MSI analysis with high specificity. 相似文献
48.
Hasin D Aharonovich E Liu X Mamman Z Matseoane K Carr L Li TK 《The American journal of psychiatry》2002,159(8):1432-1434
OBJECTIVE: Jews drink less than other Caucasians and have a higher prevalence of ADH2*2, an allele of an alcohol dehydrogenase gene that protects against heavy drinking. The relationship of ADH2 polymorphisms to lifetime maximum number of drinks per occasion was investigated in recent Russian immigrants to Israel (exposed to heavier drinking in their country of origin), other Israeli Ashkenazis, and Sephardics. METHOD: Seventy-five randomly sampled Israelis participated in a structured interview. ADH2 was genotyped for 68 subjects. RESULTS: ADH2*2 predicted less drinking; however, associations between ADH2 and drinking appeared to differ across the groups, consistent with differences in environmental exposure to heavy drinking. CONCLUSIONS: The findings support a protective effect for ADH2*2 against heavy drinking in Jewish samples but also suggest the importance of environment. Future work should investigate interactions between genes and the environment in larger samples. 相似文献
49.
BACKGROUND: In 1993, the Israel Ministry of Health issued a formal recommendation to avoid placing healthy infants to sleep in the prone position in order to prevent sudden infant death. The objective of the study was to study parents' compliance with this recommendation and to identify characteristics of noncompliant parents of infants aged less than 6 months old. METHODS: The study population consisted of 1912 parents of infants aged 0-12 months who visited the Haifa District primary preventive health centers during the study week and answered the self-administered questionnaire. RESULTS: 15.6% of infants younger than 1 year were placed to sleep in the prone position: 12.4% among infants younger than 3 months, and 17.6% among infants 3-6 months old. Surprisingly, multiple logistic regression analysis demonstrated that Israeli-born Jewish mothers were more likely to place their babies prone than Israeli-born Arab mothers or mothers born in the former Soviet Union who had immigrated to Israel after 1990. CONCLUSIONS: At-risk behaviors are usually associated with minority and immigrant populations. Culture specific and other possible reasons for our unusual findings are discussed. 相似文献
50.
Spatiotemporal modulation of Ras signaling from different intracellular compartments requires mechanisms allowing Ras and its signals to navigate across cells. Here, we describe one mechanism by which clusters of palmitoylated H-Ras and N-Ras isoforms but not nonpalmitoylated K-Ras diffuse through the cytoplasm, independently of ATP, on fast, randomly moving, small cytosolic nanoparticles ("rasosomes"). Rasosomes forced to diffuse out of live cells and trapped by Ras antibody beads appear as round structures of 80- to 100-nm diameter. Association of H-Ras with rasosomes requires Ras palmitoylation and the hypervariable sequence (hvr) upstream of the palmitoylated cysteines. H-Ras hvr mutants that fail to interact with rasosomes are biologically inactive. Epidermal growth factor stimulation rapidly increases active H-Ras-GTP and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) on rasosomes. Similarly, rasosomes carrying H-Ras(G12V) but not H-Ras are loaded with active ERK. Thus, the rasosome represents a hitherto unknown particle that enables Ras signal information to spread rapidly across cells. 相似文献