TBL联合CBL在军人积极心理学教学中的应用

目的探讨以团队为基础的教学(team-based learning,TBL)联合以案例为基础的教学(case-based learning,CBL)在军人积极心理学教学中的应用效果。方法选取陆军军医大学校2017级临床医学专业100名本科生作为教学对象,随机分为TBL联合CBL教学组(n=50)和传统教学组(n=50)。通过基础理论知识及案例分析考核、问卷调查和心理测评等方式评估两种教学方法的教学效果。运用SPSS 19.0对结果进行t检验。结果TBL联合CBL教学组在理论知识得分(54.87±4.98)高于传统教学组(48.65±3.51);案例分析考核得分(36.84±2.73)也高于传统教学组(32.37±2.34);在心理测评结果中,TBL联合CBL教学组在SCL-90后测得分(143.31±43.62)低于传统教学组(149.89±46.96);ERC、GWB后测得分(48.76±5.37)、(107.87±15.56)均高于传统教学组(43.58±5.79)、(102.32±12.13)。此外,TBL联合CBL教学组学生对该教学满意率达95.83%(46/50)。结论TBL联合CBL教学在军人积极心理学教学中能取得良好的教学效果,提高学员的知识应用水平和心理调适能力,具有较好的可行性和适用性。     

Use of Ilizarov Device to Gain Early Range of Motion in the Treatment of Pediatric Talus Body Fractures: A Series of Four Cases and Literature Review

BackgroundTalus fractures are rare in children but can lead to severe outcomes if untreated. The Ilizarov external fixator has been used in the treatment of a variety of lower extremity pathologies. The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical outcomes of talus body fractures treated with the Ilizarov external fixator.Case PresentationFour male pediatric patients (age range, 5–11 years) with talus body fractures who were treated by open reduction and internal fixation combined with Ilizarov external fixator between November 2015 and April 2016 were reviewed. Mean follow‐up period was 4 years (range, 4–5). Clinical outcome was evaluated using the clinical rating scale of the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS). All four patients achieved good to excellent results at the last follow‐up. None of the patients developed avascular necrosis. One patient developed automatic fusion of tibiotalar joint.ConclusionUse of the Ilizarov external fixator to gain early range of motion is a valuable option for treatment of talus body fractures in children.     

Arthroscopic Management of Giant Meniscal Cysts Among Young Patients: An Average Three‐Year MRI Follow‐Up

ObjectiveTo describe an arthroscopic technique for giant meniscal cyst excision with preservation of the functional meniscus, report the short‐ and medium‐term outcomes, and assess magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for follow‐up imaging evaluations.MethodsA total of 54 consecutive patients with symptomatic meniscal cysts were admitted to the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University between 2014 and 2019. Nine patients with giant meniscus cysts (six females and three males) were included in this study. The age range of the patients was 6–34 years. All patients underwent a complete physical examination, X‐ray, Doppler ultrasound, and MRI of the knee preoperatively. After an arthroscopic diagnosis of a meniscal rupture with a giant meniscal cyst, partial meniscectomy, ablation of the cyst, and suturing of the retainable meniscus were performed. Lysholm and International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) scores were used preoperatively and at the most recent follow‐up. Clinical outcomes were classified into four categories: excellent, good, fair, and poor. During the last visit, all patients underwent MRI to assess the recurrence of the cyst and meniscal suture healing.ResultsPreoperative MRI and arthroscopic examination revealed giant meniscal cysts combined with meniscal tears and congenital discoid meniscus, and all giant meniscal cysts occurred in the lateral meniscus. The main types of meniscal tears were horizontal and complex tears. The cysts were unicystic in one case and multicystic in eight cases. The mean size of the cysts on the MRI was 5.86 cm × 2.24 cm × 2.48 cm. The mean follow‐up periods were 37.5 (19–60) months. Clinical outcomes were excellent in six patients and good in three patients. The postoperative scores were significantly improved compared to the preoperative scores (Lysholm: 90.78 ± 4.60 vs. 54.56 ± 7.25; IKDC: 96.2 ± 3.46 vs. 61.69 ± 3.36; p <0.01). No recurrence of the cyst was indicated on the MRI, and there was good healing of the torn meniscus.ConclusionsArthroscopic cystectomy combined with the meniscus suture technique was effective to eradicate residual cyst cavities, and traffic orifices be highly recommended.     

Label-free metabolic imaging of non-alcoholic-fatty-liver-disease (NAFLD) liver by volumetric dynamic optical coherence tomography

Label-free metabolic imaging of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) mouse liver is demonstrated ex vivo by dynamic optical coherence tomography (OCT). The NAFLD mouse is a methionine choline-deficient (MCD)-diet model, and two mice fed the MCD diet for 1 and 2 weeks are involved in addition to a normal-diet mouse. The dynamic OCT is based on repeating raster scan and logarithmic intensity variance (LIV) analysis that enables volumetric metabolic imaging with a standard-speed (50,000 A-lines/s) OCT system. Metabolic domains associated with lipid droplet accumulation and inflammation are clearly visualized three-dimensionally. Particularly, the normal-diet liver exhibits highly metabolic vessel-like structures of peri-vascular hepatic zones. The 1-week MCD-diet liver shows ring-shaped highly metabolic structures formed with lipid droplets. The 2-week MCD-diet liver exhibits fragmented vessel-like structures associated with inflammation. These results imply that volumetric LIV imaging is useful for visualizing and assessing NAFLD abnormalities.     

Copeptin作为代谢性疾病生物标志物的研究进展

精氨酸加压素是一种由下丘脑合成以应对血浆渗透压增加和血容量减少的激素,它可以与精氨酸加压素受体结合影响糖脂代谢。最近有研究表明,Copeptin是一个稳定、敏感且暂未发现有生物活性的精氨酸加压素替代标志物,与精氨酸加压素以等摩尔量释放入血,其循环水平升高与糖尿病、糖尿病并发症、肥胖、胰岛素抵抗、高血压、高脂血症、非酒精性脂肪性肝病等代谢性疾病密切相关。积极探索Copeptin与代谢性疾病中的关系有助于疾病的早期诊断。     

区域神经阻滞复合甲苯磺酸瑞马唑仑在加速康复外科膝关节置换术中的应用1例

<正>全膝关节置换术(total knee arthroplasty,TKA)是减轻终末期膝关节骨性关节炎(osteoarthritis,OA)患者疼痛、恢复膝关节功能、提高生活质量最有效的治疗手段^[1-2]。过去膝关节置换术大多采用椎管内麻醉或气管插管全身麻醉,存在椎管内穿刺困难、反复穿刺导致组织损伤、术中血流动力学波动明显,术后呼吸功能障碍、苏醒延迟、拔管困难送重症监护室治疗的风险,且影响术后早期功能锻炼,     

早发及晚发型新生儿败血症的临床特征分析

目的 回顾性研究早发型败血症(early-onset sepsis,EOS)及晚发型败血症(late-onset sepsis,LOS患儿的临床表现及预后,探讨新生儿败血症的早期诊治措施。方法 回顾性分析2015年1月至2020年12月解放军总医院第五医学中心儿科收治的败血症患儿(血培养均阳性),根据发病时间分为EOS组(生后≤72 h发病,n=60)、LOS组(生后>72 h发病,n=43),对EOS组及LOS组患儿基本情况、起病症状、致病菌分布、实验室检测、预后进行分析比较。统计学方法采用t检验、秩和检验、χ²检验。结果 本研究共选入败血症患儿103例(血培养均阳性),其中EOS组60例(58.2%),LOS组43例(41.7%)。EOS组与LOS组患儿出生时羊水污染发生率[36.7%(22/60)与7.0%(3/43)]、孕母发热率[15.0%(9/60)与2.3%(1/43)]比较,EOS组均高于LOS组(χ²值分别为12.013和4.590, P值均<0.05);LOS组与EOS组患儿中早产儿[79.1%(34/43)与...     

高血压和2型糖尿病对心脏搭桥术后早期心率变异性影响程度的探讨

目的：探究行非体外循环下冠状动脉搭桥术（off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting,OPCABG）患者围术期心率变异性（heart rate variability,HRV）的变化趋势,以及高血压和（或）2型糖尿病（type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM）因素对这种趋势的影响程度。方法：回顾性研究2020年12月至2022年3月因冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病需要行OPCABG的521名患者住院期间的基线资料与围手术期7 d动态心电图记录的相关指标来反映HRV的早期改变。根据患者既往是否患有高血压和（或）T2DM将患者分为A、B、C、D 4组：A组（患有高血压合并T2DM,n=118）、B组（单纯患有高血压,n=183）、C组（单纯患有T2DM,n=81）、D组（既往无高血压且无T2DM,n=139）。对521名患者行独立样本t检验,观察患者行OPCABG围术期全部窦性心搏RR间期的标准差（standard deviation of NN intervals,SDNN）与相邻正常心动周期差值的均方的平方根（root-mean-squa...     

术后放疗在声门上型喉鳞状细胞癌治疗中的价值

目的：评估手术后辅助放疗（postoperative radiotherapy,PORT）在声门上型喉鳞状细胞癌治疗中的作用。方法：搜集美国监测、流行病学和最终结果（Surveillance,Epidemiology,and End Results,SEER）数据库中2004年至2015年接受手术治疗的831例声门上型喉鳞状细胞癌患者的临床资料,根据术后是否接受放疗分为PORT（-）组及PORT（+）组,应用倾向性评分匹配法（propensity score matching,PSM）均衡2组间变量的差异,采用Kaplan-Meier及log-rank检验进行生存分析并进行亚组分析,比较2组间总生存（overall survival,OS）和肿瘤特异性生存（cancer specific survival,CSS）的差异,分析PORT在声门上型喉鳞状细胞癌患者治疗中的价值及获益人群。结果：倾向性评分匹配前,PORT（-）组及PORT（+）组的OS无统计学差异,而PORT（+）组的CSS较PORT（-）组更差（P=0.022）。对阳性淋巴数的亚组分析显示,阳性淋巴结数为0和1的患者,PO...     

内窥镜鼻内视神经管减压治疗重症球后视神经炎

目的 观察内窥镜经鼻内视神经管减压治疗重症球后视神经炎的疗效.方法 回顾分析1995年-2007年经眼科药物治疗16-20d其疗效欠佳转来我科的10例16眼资料(其中4例单眼,6例双眼),仅对视力极差的10例10眼施行减压治疗.结果 对10眼视力无光感-30cm数指减压治疗.术后继续药物治疗16-20d,视力恢复到0.3-0.7.经1-8年观察视力0.5-1.0,眼底视乳头色泽正常,而未手术的6眼,视力无光感-20cm数指,眼底视乳头苍白萎缩,血管细小,呈鲜明对比,疗效迥然不同.结论 经眼科药物治疗16-20d,视力仍无光感-眼前数指,CT,MRI检查,排除颅内病变而球后视神经明显增粗的重症病例,应行减压治疗,可恢复较好的视力.