新辅助化疗在进展期胃癌中的临床应用

目的评估进展期胃癌患者新辅助化疗的治疗效果。方法选择2011年9月至2014年12月安徽省肿瘤医院收治进展期胃癌患者70例,根据治疗方法,70例患者分为新辅助化疗组（46例）和单纯手术组（24例）。新辅助化疗组患者进行3个周期的 XELOX 方案新辅助化疗再行手术,两组患者均接受标准胃癌切除手术,观察评估化疗疗效并对比手术治疗效果。结果新辅助化疗组患者化疗有效率为63.04％。新辅助化疗组患者的 R0切除率为94.48％,R1或 R2切除率为6.52％,单纯手术组患者的 R0切除率为70.83％,R1或 R2切除率为29.17％,新辅助化疗组患者的 R0切除率明显高于单纯手术组（P ＜0.05）。两组均无手术死亡病例,术后并发症发生率差异无统计学意义（P ＞0.05）。结论 XELOX 方案可作为有效的进展期胃癌新辅助化疗方案,进展期胃癌患者在新辅助化疗后再进行手术治疗,可以提高手术根治率和切除率。     

妊娠期急性脂肪肝38例临床分析

目的 探讨妊娠期急性脂肪肝(AFLP)的临床特点.方法 对北京佑安医院2008年5月至2013年11月收治的38例AFLP患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,包括临床特征、实验室检查和治疗、转归情况.结果 38例患者在发病前1～2周均出现不同程度乏力、不适症状,38例均有肝功能障碍,18例肝肾功能衰竭,死亡4例(10.5％),围产儿死亡3例(7.3％).结论 妊娠期急性脂肪肝起病急、病情凶险,应早期诊断治疗、及时终止妊娠,AFLP患者发生产后出血和多脏器功能不全的比例较高,应严密监测及调节凝血功能、肝肾功能,血浆置换治疗可有效降低母体病死率.     

Xingshentongqiao Decoction Mediates Proliferation,Apoptosis, Orexin-A Receptor and Orexin-B Receptor Messenger Ribonucleic Acid Expression and Represses Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Signaling

Background:Hypocretin (HCRT) signaling plays an important role in the pathogenesis of narcolepsy and can be significantly influenced by Chinese herbal therapy.Our previous study showed that xingshenton...     

Long-term Efficacy of Subthalamic Nucleus Deep Brain Stimulation in Parkinson's Disease: A 5-year Follow-up Study in China

Background:

Subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN DBS) is effective against advanced Parkinson''s disease (PD), allowing dramatic improvement of Parkinsonism, in addition to a significant reduction in medication. Here we aimed to investigate the long-term effect of STN DBS in Chinese PD patients, which has not been thoroughly studied in China.

Methods:

Ten PD patients were assessed before DBS and followed up 1, 3, and 5 years later using Unified Parkinson''s Disease Rating Scale Part III (UPDRS III), Parkinson''s Disease Questionnatire-39, Parkinson''s Disease Sleep Scale-Chinese Version, Mini-mental State Examination, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Hamilton Anxiety Scale and Hamilton Depression Scale. Stimulation parameters and drug dosages were recorded at each follow-up. Data were analyzed using the ANOVA for repeated measures.

Results:

In the “off” state (off medication), DBS improved UPDRS III scores by 35.87% in 5 years, compared with preoperative baseline (P < 0.001). In the “on” state (on medication), motor scores at 5 years were similar to the results of preoperative levodopa challenge test. The quality of life is improved by 58.18% (P < 0.001) from baseline to 3 years and gradually declined afterward. Sleep, cognition, and emotion were mostly unchanged. Levodopa equivalent daily dose was reduced from 660.4 ± 210.1 mg at baseline to 310.6 ± 158.4 mg at 5 years (by 52.96%, P < 0.001). The average pulse width, frequency and amplitude at 5 years were 75.0 ± 18.21 μs, 138.5 ± 19.34 Hz, and 2.68 ± 0.43 V, respectively.

Conclusions:

STN DBS is an effective intervention for PD, although associated with a slightly diminished efficacy after 5 years. Compared with other studies, patients in our study required lower voltage and medication for satisfactory symptom control.     

钴原卟啉诱导HO-1表达增加对老龄小鼠骨骼肌组织氧化应激和炎症反应的影响

目的 探讨注射钴原卟啉(cobalt protoporphyrin,CoPP)诱导血红素加氧酶-1(heme oxygenase 1,HO-1)表达增加在老龄小鼠骨骼肌微环境包括氧化应激、炎症反应的调节作用.方法 分别将正常成年(2月龄)和老年(18月龄)C57 BL/6雄性小鼠按照简单随机抽样法分为对照组及注射CoPP组;CoPP组小鼠连续3d腹腔注射CoPP溶液[5 mg/(kg· d)],对照组注射同体积生理盐水.在3、7、14 d后取新鲜腓肠肌组织,Western blot检测HO-1(3d组)的表达,ELISA检测过氧化标志分子丙二醛(MDA)、过氧化氢(H2 O2)含量及抗氧化酶类CuZn-超氧歧化酶(SOD)等活性变化.用老年C57 BL/6小鼠建立腓肠肌损伤模型,采用简单随机抽样法分为CoPP处理组和对照组,分别在3、7、14 d后检测中性粒细胞和M2型巨噬细胞浸润.结果 正常老年组HO-1表达量高于成年组,老年组注射CoPP后HO-1表达升幅显著低于成年组(P＜0.05);注射CoPP后,成年和老年组MDA、H2O2含量均下降,SOD、CuZn-SOD、GSH-Px和CAT酶活性升高,且老年CoPP组过氧化标志分子含量高于成年CoPP组,抗氧化酶活性较低(P＜0.05).骨骼肌损伤后3、7d,CoPP处理组中性粒细胞浸润均低于对照组;CD163阳性M2型巨噬细胞浸润出现较晚,且注射CoPP后,M2型巨噬细胞的浸润显著高于对照组.结论 老年骨骼肌对CoPP的反应性下降,抗氧化应激能力下降.损伤后诱导HO-1表达增加能够降低早期中性粒细胞、促进M2型巨噬细胞的浸润,可能有助于骨骼肌损伤修复.     

口腔医学专业学位研究生培养现状与质量提高对策探析

培养实践证明,专业学位教育是一种比较适合培养医学人才的途径,口腔医学专业学位研究生教育起步晚,培养模式内涵界定尚不够清晰,存在生源质量不高、培养模式定位不明确、质量监督与考核体系需完善等问题。专业学位研究生培养目标侧重能够胜任临床医疗工作、解决临床实际问题,文章分析了口腔医学专业学位研究生培养现状,对进一步提高专业学位研究生培养质量提出对策。     

Protease mutations in HIV-1 non-B strains infecting drug-naive villagers in Cameroon

To describe the presence of protease inhibitor (PI) resistance-associated mutations and subtype distribution in drug-naive villagers of six provinces of Cameroon, we sequenced the protease (PR) gene (297 bp) of 128 viruses. Secondary PI resistance-associated mutations were identified at five sites: L10I/V (16%), K20R (8%), M36I (98%), L63P (13%), and V77I (6%). No primary mutation in the PR was identified. Of the 128 specimens analyzed, subtypes A (11%), C(2%), D (6%), F2 (3%), G (6%), H (0.8%), J (6%), and CRF02_AG (60%) were identified. The mutations identified were not characteristic to any particular subtype. The absence of primary mutations, in addition to the few secondary mutations, gives good perspectives for PI treatment interventions in these rural areas.     

Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 activation by myometrial oxytocin receptor involves Galpha(q)Gbetagamma and epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase activation

The mechanisms by which oxytocin (OT) stimulates extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) are only partially understood. OT receptor (OTR) signals predominantly through Galpha(q), but ERK1/2 phosphorylation (ERK1/2-P) in PHM1 myometrial cells was not eliminated by inhibition of downstream effectors such as phospholipase C or protein kinase C. Inconsistent with a Galpha(i)-coupled response, pertussis toxin inhibition of OT-induced ERK1/2-P was reversed by the protein kinase A inhibitors Rp-cAMPS and KT5720. Consistent with an inhibitory role for protein kinase A, pertussis toxin pretreatment raised cellular cAMP and 8-(4-chlorophenylthio)-cAMP inhibited OT-induced ERK1/2-P. Attenuation of the OT response by the Gbetagamma scavenger carboxyl terminus of the beta-adrenergic receptor kinase implicated a Gbetagamma-mediated pathway. In both COSM6 cells overexpressing OTR (OTR-COSM6) and in PHM1 cells, the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor AG1478 markedly reduced OT-induced ERK1/2-P, whereas the platelet-derived growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor AG1296 had no effect. Furthermore, OT increased EGFR tyrosine phosphorylation in OTR-COSM6 cells, which was inhibited by AG1478 or EGTA plus thapsigargin pretreatment. AG1478 did not affect inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate production by OT or protein kinase C-stimulated ERK1/2-P but completely blocked ionomycin-induced ERK1/2-P and EGFR tyrosine phosphorylation. In both OTR-COSM6 and PHM1 cells, EGTA reduced OT-stimulated ERK1/2-P; no ERK1/2-P was observed when intracellular calcium increases were blocked by pretreatment with thapsigargin plus EGTA. These data are consistent with activation of a Gbetagamma-mediated pathway as a consequence of Galpha(q) activation in myometrium and OTR-COSM6 cells that results in increased ERK1/2-P. This pathway involves both EGFR activation and an influence of calcium.