舌大小二维超声成像测量分析方法的建立及其评价

目的：建立一种舌大小测量分析方法，为舌大小在错He发病中的作用研究奠定基础。方法：采用B超超声像方法取舌正中纵断面和横切面图像，选取代表舌大小的参数进行测量，从而分析舌大小。结果：通过对测量结果的可重复性和准确性检验。认为这一测量方法是准确可行的，结论：建立的舌大濒分析方法可以作为研究手段使用。     

粘结式全牙列矫治器联合面具前牵治疗乳牙早期反(牙合)

目的探讨粘接式全牙列矫治器联合面具前牵治疗乳牙早期反     

方丝弓技术实施扩弓作用初探

本临床研究应用了直的双根钛镍丝扩弓法,主弓配合辅弓扩弓法,多loop弓丝牙弓前部扩弓法,改良多用弓技术,四眼簧扩弓器,快速扩弓螺旋器,用预成的略大于牙弓的弓丝扩弓和上下颌后牙交互牵引扩大牙弓,共8种方法.作者结合临床经验及体会,分析了各种扩弓方法的原理,提出了每种扩弓方法的适应症以及加力时应注意的事项.这些常用的扩弓方法,在临床上是行之有效的.既满足了临床扩弓的要求,也促进了方丝弓矫治技术的普及和开展.     

Clinical cohort study on renal pathological features and prognosis of type 2 diabetic kidney disease patients

Objective To analyze the relationship between renal pathological characteristics and clinical prognosis in type 2 diabetic kidney disease patients, and discuss predictive value of pathological type and indexes for renal function declining rate and related outcome events. Methods Ninety-two type 2 diabetes patients from PUMC Hospital (with macroalbuminuria and followed up no less than 6 months, excluding patients with non-diabetic renal disease) were divided into typical diabetic glomerulopathy group (DG, n=51) and atypical diabetes-related renal disease group(ADRD, n=41) according to renal pathological findings. A retrospective cohort study was performed to investigate renal pathological features and prognosis. Results Total of 29 renal outcome events and 12 death events occurred in DG group and none in ADRD group; the survival rate and kidney survival rate are different between two groups (P＜0.05); DG group, thick GBM, severe vascular and tubular lesion are predicative indicators for renal outcome event; mesangial volume fraction is predicative indicator for renal outcome events independent of age and serum creatinine. Conclusions DG and ADRD patients have different prognosis and might undergo different pathophysiological mechanisms; renal pathological type and mesangial volume fraction could help predicting outcomes of type 2 diabetic nephropathy patients.     

自制腰椎间盘突出症评估系统对外科治疗患者术前病情程度及术后功能恢复的预测

目的:在临床实践中应用自制腰椎间盘突出症评估系统对患者进行病情程度评估以及预测术后的功能效应。方法:选择2000-02/2002-11在中国医科大学附属第二医院骨科因患腰椎间盘突出症而首次行腰椎手术的患者177例,在术前、术后应用自制评估系统进行评分。①术前评分:包括症状功能、体征及影像3部分,共100分,按得分情况分为3组:≤40分组的轻度患者15例,41～60分组的中度患者44例,≥61分组的中度患者46例。术后随访项目:症状功能和体征、术后对治疗的满意程度、术后生活能力、术后对生活的态度、术后工作、家务活动及术后影像检查(X射线,CT,MR),也是100分。评估标准为得分越高,说明病情越严重。②术后疗效根据中华骨科学会脊柱学组腰背痛手术评定标准判断术后疗效,优:术前症状缓解,腰椎活动度、直腿抬高试验、神经功能均恢复,并能恢复原来的工作和生活;良:术前症状部分缓解,腰椎活动度、直腿抬高试验、神经功能部分改善,不能恢复原来的工作和生活;差:治疗无效或症状加重,有关体征无改善。然后将各组数据输入并用SPSS10.0进行统计分析。结果:完成随访的105例患者进入结果分析。①腰椎间盘突出症评估系统手术前后总评分比较:治疗前明显高于治疗后犤(28～80,0～66)分,(t=23.086,P<0.01)犦,说明治疗后症状、体征得到改善。②按腰背痛手术评定标准判定术后疗效:术前评分>40分组中疗效差的比例明显低于≤40分组犤(15.3,40)%,(χ2=12.31,P<0.01)犦。41～60分组术后疗效最优,优良率可达97.7%。术前评分60分上下时和40～60分组与61分以上组经统计学分分析比较在疗效方面无明显差异犤(χ2=0.03,χ2=2.29),(P<0.05)犦。结论:自制腰椎间盘突出症评估系统在病情评估方面同时适用于术前和术后,而且其术前评分对术后疗效具有良好的预测作用。     

Mid to Distal Small Bowel Resection with the Preservation of the Terminal Ileum Improves Glucose Homeostasis in Diabetic Rats by Activating the Hindgut-Dependent Mechanism

Background

The aim of this study was to develop a novel surgical model to test the “hindgut hypothesis” and thereby study the role of the gut in glucose homeostasis and the mechanism of action of bariatric surgery.

Method

Sprague-Dawley rats were given a high-fat and high-sugar diet and treated with 25 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ). The fat-sugar-fed/STZ-treated rats were randomized into mid to distal small bowel resection with the preservation of the terminal ileum (DBRPI) and sham operation (which had a formal celiotomy with bowel manipulation only) groups. Rats were observed for 12 weeks after the operation. The main outcome measures were weight, food intake, non-fasting glucose, an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), an insulin tolerance test (ITT), the levels of fasting and glucose-induced insulin, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), peptide YY (PYY), serum bile acids, and lipid profile.

Result

The DBRPI and sham groups exhibited no difference in weight and food intake after surgery. When compared to the sham controls, the DBRPI group displayed an improvement in non-fasting glucose, oral glucose tolerance, and insulin tolerance at 4 and 12 weeks postresection. DBRPI elicited an increased serum insulin, PYY and GLP-1 levels at 12 weeks postoperation; furthermore, DBRPI resulted in higher serum levels of triglyceride, total bile acids, total bilirubin, and direct bilirubin levels and lower free fatty acid level at 12 weeks.

Conclusions

This study provides strong evidences for the key role of hindgut in the amelioration of diabetes after bariatric surgery. Moreover, these findings confirm that DBRPI is a simple and effective surgical model for testing the “hindgut hypothesis” and focused study of biliary enterohepatic recycling in the context of bariatric operations.     

Effectiveness and safety of endoscopic versus open carpal tunnel decompression

Purpose

To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of endoscopic carpal tunnel release (ECTR) and open carpal tunnel release (OCTR) using a meta-analysis of data from randomized controlled trials.

Materials and methods

Electronic searches of the Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL, Issue 11 of 12, Nov 2012), PUBMED (1980 to Dec 2012), and EMBASE (1980 to Dec 2012) were used to identify randomized controlled trials that evaluated endoscopic vs open methods for treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome. Studies to be used were independently identified by two researchers. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed by the Cochrane Collaboration tool for assessing risk of bias.

Results

Fifteen randomized controlled trials involving 1,596 hands were included. Based on the Cochrane Collaboration tool for assessing risk of bias, four studies were rated as high quality, five studies were rated as moderate quality, and six were rated as low quality. Our meta-analysis indicated that ECTR resulted in better recovery of pinch strength, earlier time of return to work, but a higher rate of reversible nerve problems (including neurapraxia and numbness) than OCTR. ECTR also resulted in a lower rate of irreversible nerve damage (P > 0.05), wound problems (including wound infection, wound hematoma and wound dehiscence) and reflex sympathetic dystrophy (P > 0.05) compared with OCTR. Our meta-analysis revealed no obvious statistical differences in relief of symptoms (pain and paraesthesia), recovery of grip strength and reoperation rate.

Conclusion

Our meta-analysis of available randomized controlled trials demonstrated that ECTR and OCTR were similar in relief of symptoms, but ECTR resulted in better recovery of function and earlier return to work and was safer than OCTR.     

Collision malignant melanoma and medullary carcinoma of the thyroid

This report presents the case of a 54‐year‐old woman with a collision tumour of malignant melanoma and medullary thyroid carcinoma in the thyroid. Twenty four of 25 neck lymph nodes contained metastatic melanoma, with the rest having both metastatic melanoma and medullary carcinoma. Systemic chemotherapy was administered for the malignant melanoma, and a complete response was thus obtained. However, just after having the chemotherapy, multiple lung and brain metastases emerged. The simultaneous occurrence of malignant melanoma and medullary carcinoma in the same thyroid has not been previously reported in the literature. Collision tumour of malignant melanoma and medullary carcinoma of the thyroid might imply bad prognosis.     

Can utility-weighted health-related quality-of-life estimates capture health effects of quality improvement for depression?

BACKGROUND: Utility methods that are responsive to changes in desirable outcomes are needed for cost-effectiveness (CE) analyses and to help in decisions about resource allocation. OBJECTIVES: Evaluated is the responsiveness of different methods that assign utility weights to subsets of SF-36 items to average improvements in health resulting from quality improvement (QI) interventions for depression. DESIGN: A group level, randomized, control trial in 46 primary care clinics in six managed care organizations. Clinics were randomized to one of two QI interventions or usual care. SUBJECTS: One thousand one hundred thirty-six patients with current depressive symptoms and either 12-month, lifetime, or no depressive disorder identified through screening 27,332 consecutive patients. MEASURES: Utility weighted SF-12 or SF-36 measures, probable depression, and physical and mental health-related quality of life scores. RESULTS: Several utility-weighted measures showed increases in utility values for patients in one of the interventions, relative to usual care, that paralleled the improved health effects for depression and emotional well being. However, QALY gains were small. Directly elicited utility values showed a paradoxical result of lower utility during the first year of the study for intervention patients relative to controls. CONCLUSIONS: The results raise concerns about the use of direct single-item utility measures or utility measures derived from generic health status measures in effectiveness studies for depression. Choice of measure may lead to different conclusions about the benefit and CE of treatment. Utility measures that capture the mental health and non-health outcomes associated with treatment for depression are needed.