PRK术后转化生长因子β1mRNA表达的实验研究

目的：探讨准分子激光角膜切削术（PRK）后转化生长因子β1（TGF－β1）在角膜伤口愈合和解膜雾状混浊发病机制中的作用。方法：将24只新西兰大白兔（24只眼）随机分为正常组（n＝4）和手术组(n=20)。手术组每只左眼行PRK术，术中采用准分子激光器，角膜中央激光去上皮，然后按－10.00D近视进行切削，分别于术后第7d,14d,28d和3月于裂隙灯下观察记录角膜haze的变化并处死动物，将角膜组织制成石蜡切片，应用原位杂交技术检测角膜缲TGF－β1mRNA的表达。结果：①从术后第7d开始，术眼均不同程度地发生了角膜haze，严重者可达3级，haze高峰约在术后第28d。②正常角膜上皮中TGF－β1mRNA有低水平表达，PRK术后第7d,14d和28d，角膜上皮TGF－β1mRNA表达明显增高。术后3月已开始降低；正常组角膜基质中未检测出TGF－β1mRNA，术后第7d,14,和28d，角膜基质中TGF－β1mRNA表达明显增高，术后3月已开始降低。结论：TGF－β1可能参与了PRK术后的伤口愈合，它可能通过促进角膜基质细胞的增殖和细胞外基质的合成而促进角膜haze的发生。     

蛇床子水提取液抑瘤作用的实验研究

目的 :研究蛇床子水提取液的体内抗肿瘤作用。方法 :通过 S180 肉瘤移植建立荷瘤小鼠模型 ,给予不同剂量蛇床子水提取液后观察 S180 荷瘤小鼠肿瘤生长曲线、血清唾液酸 (SA)、瘤重及小鼠生存天数的变化。结果 :蛇床子水提取液能明显抑制肿瘤生长 ,降低荷瘤小鼠血清 SA水平 ,0 .0 6mg/(g· d) ,0 .1 1 mg/(g· d)、0 .2 1 mg/(g· d)剂量组平均瘤重低于肿瘤对照组 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,抑瘤率依次为 2 3 .2 %、2 9.1 %和 2 4 .8%,且能延长荷瘤小鼠生存天数 (P<0 .0 1 ) ,动物生命延长率依次为 :2 6 .9%、3 4 .8%和 2 6 .6 %。结论 :蛇床子水提取液具有较强的抗肿瘤效应 ,有很好的利用前景 ,值得对其进行深入研究。     

烯烃的热力学性质的拓扑研究

目的：寻找一种性能优良的拓扑指数，方法：根据分子图的邻接矩阵和距离矩阵提出一种新的拓扑指数P1^*,P2^*,P3^*,p^4*。结果，拓扑指数P1^*,P2^*,P3^*,p^4*与烯烃的热力学函数－△Hf(g),S(g),△Gf(g)均有相关性，其复相关系数均在99．6％以上。结论：拓扑指数P1^*,P2^*,P3^*,p^4*与烯烃的热力学函的多种物理化学性质均有良好的相关性。     

Ischemic rat brain extracts induce human marrow stromal cell growth factor production

Intravenous administration of human bone marrow stromal cells (hMSCs) after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) in rats provides functional benefit. We tested the hypothesis that these functional benefits are derived in part from hMSC production of growth and trophic factors. Quantitative sandwich enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) of hMSCs cultured with normal and MCAo brain extracts were performed. hMSCs cultured in supernatant derived from ischemic brain extracts increased production of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), nerve growth factor (NGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). These neurotrophins and angiogenic growth factors increased in a post‐ischemia time‐dependent manner. The hMSC capacity to increase expression of growth and trophic factors may be the key to the benefit provided by transplanted hMSCs in the ischemic brain.     

跨步或不跨步下的前弓步和侧弓步动作中的髌股关节压力与应力(二)

结果 髌股关节的压力与应力随膝关节屈曲角度的增加而升高,随膝关节屈曲角度的减小而降低(图3～8).不同膝关节屈曲角度下弓步变化和跨步变化的髌股关节压力见表1.     

保留肾单位手术治疗早期小肾癌21例临床分析

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical effects of nephron-sparing surgery in patients with early-stage small renal cell carcinoma. METHODS: Nephron-sparing surgery was performed in 21 patients with renal cell carcinoma including 1 with solitary kidney, 3 with unilateral tumor and contralateral renal compromise, and 17 with unilateral tumor and normal contralateral kidney. The diameter of the tumors ranged from 1.5 to 6.0 cm, with a mean of 2.8 cm. The tumor diameter in 17 patients with normal contralateral kidney was less than 4 cm (mean 2.5 cm) and the average diameter in 4 patients with contralateral renal compromise was 4.2 cm. Sixteen cases were in stage T(1), 4 in stage T(2), and 1 in stage T(3). Of the 21 patients, 4 underwent tumor enucleation, 10 polar nephrectomy and 7 wedge resection. RESULTS: All patients were followed up for an average of 40.8 months (7 to 66 months). One patient suffered a right lung and mediastinum metastasis 3 years after the surgery later and 1 with chronic glomerulonephritis required dialysis 27 months after the operation. No surgical complication or local recurrence were found in other patients. CONCLUSION: As a safe and effective therapy for early-stage small renal cell carcinoma, nephron-sparing surgery can be considered as the gold-standard therapy for patients with lesions less than 4 cm in T(1) and T(2) stages of localized unilateral tumor with normal contralateral kidney.     

Warfarin or Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin Therapy does not Prolong Pig-To-Primate Cardiac Xenograft Function

Microvascular thrombosis is a prominent feature in cardiac delayed xenograft rejection (DXR). We investigated the impact of warfarin or low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) anti-coagulation on xenograft function using a heterotopic pig-to-primate model. Donor hearts were from CD46 transgenic pigs and baboon immunosuppression included tacrolimus, sirolimus, anti-CD20 and TPC, an alpha-galactosyl-polyethylene glycol conjugate. Three groups of animals were studied. Group 1 (n = 9) was treated with warfarin, Group 2 (n = 13) with LMWH and Group 3, received no anti-coagulant drugs. The median duration of xenograft function was 20 days (range 3-62 days), 18 days (range 5-109 days) and 15 days (range 4-53 days) in Groups 1 to 3 respectively. Anti-coagulation achieved the targeted international normalized prothrombin ratio (INR) and anti-factor Xa levels consistent with effective in vivo therapy yet, no significant impact on median xenograft function was observed. At rejection, a similar histology of thrombosis and ischemia was apparent in each group and the levels of fibrin deposition and platelet thrombi in rejected tissue was the same. Anti-coagulation with warfarin or LMWH did not have a significant impact on the onset of DXR and microvascular thrombosis. However, a role for specific anti-coagulant strategies to achieve long-term xenograft function cannot be excluded.     

Laparoscopic Local Resection Based on Sentinel Node Evaluation for Early Gastric Cancer: A Preliminary Report

We previously reported that lymphatic mapping using isosulfan blue can be used to identify sentinel nodes (SNs). This study was undertaken to evaluate the feasibility of using the SN technique in treating early gastric cancer and to explore its usefulness for minimal invasive surgery. Twenty-three patients with early gastric cancer who underwent SN biopsy were retrospectively evaluated. Based on SN evaluation, individualized surgery was performed in five patients with T1N0M0 gastric cancer. When pathological examination of frozen sections revealed metastasis in SNs, we performed a standard D2 gastrectomy. Laparoscopic local resection was applied when the SN biopsy was negative. Our results showed that the success rate with SN biopsy in early gastric cancer was 100%, as were the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. All five patients with early gastric cancer had SNs negative for metastases both by frozen section and by postoperative pathology. Thus, all these patients underwent laparoscopic local resection without extended lymphadenectomy. We conclude that SN biopsy is a useful tool to individualize the operative procedure, and laparoscopic local resection can be safely performed using SN guidance in selected patients with early gastric cancer.     

Lipid extract from completely sporoderm‐broken germinating Ganoderma sinensis spores elicits potent antitumor immune responses in human macrophages

Ganoderma sinensis has been used widely in Oriental countries for the prevention and treatment of various diseases including cancer. Previous studies have shown that the lipid extract from Ganoderma exhibits direct cytotoxicity against tumor cells. Here, it is reported that the lipid extract from germinating G. sinensis spores, at lower concentrations that have no direct tumoricidal activity, induce potent antitumor immune responses in human monocytes/macrophages. Upon stimulation with the lipid extract, monocytes/macrophages exhibited markedly increased production of proinflammatory cytokines and surface expression of costimulatory molecules. Conditioned medium from stimulated cells effectively suppressed the growth of tumor cells. Apparently, the lipid extract triggered macrophage activation via a mechanism different from that associated with LPS. Moreover, it was observed that the lipid extract could partially re‐establish the antitumor activity of the immunosuppressive tumor‐associated macrophages. These results indicated that in addition to its direct tumoricidal activity, the lipid extract from G. sinensis spores could exert antitumor activity by stimulating the activation of human monocytes/macrophages. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.