针刺关元穴对小鼠红细胞免疫功能影响的实验研究

目的：探讨针刺关元穴对机体红细胞免疫的影响。方法：将小鼠随机分为对照组和针刺组,针刺组每日针刺关元穴,对照组不予针刺。１１ 日后采用补体致敏酵母菌血凝法,并分别测定各组小鼠的脾脏系数,检测针刺关元穴对小鼠红细胞免疫粘附功能的影响。结果：在血凝滴度为１：１６ 时,对照组与针刺组小鼠的阳性率有显著性差异（Ｐ＜ ０．０１）;脾脏系数分别为：对照组（５．７９±０．８８ｍ ｇ／ｇ）,针刺组（６．０８±０．３４）ｍ ｇ／ｇ。针刺组明显高于对照组（Ｐ＜ ０．０５）。结论：针刺关元穴对小鼠的红细胞免疫粘附功能有增强作用。     

鼻咽癌中与已知基因同源的差异表达cDNA序列

采用新近发展的ｃＤＮＡ代表性差异分析法筛选鼻咽癌中不表达的或表达降低的ｃＤＮＡ序列。结果显示：有９个与已知基因高度同源的ｃＤＮＡ序列。通过对这些已知基因的结构和功能分析,发现有与细胞骨架成分相关的基因：αａｃｔｉｎｉｎ,ｅｚｒｉｎ和细胞角蛋白１３;直接与瘤基因和抑瘤基因相互作用的基因：鲨烯合成酶和ＴＲＩＰ１基因;直接参与ＤＮＡ合成以及调控基因转录和翻译的基因：ＴＡＦⅡ６８和组蛋白Ｈ１０;另外还有人类补体因子Ｂ及类转运ＲＮＡ合成酶的基因。这些基因大多具有相当于抑瘤基因的功能。从而进一步说明鼻咽癌的发生是多基因相互作用的结果。     

Effects of topical epinephrine on aqueous humor dynamics in the cat

The purpose of this study was to investigate, in cats, the effects of topical epinephrine on aqueous humor dynamics as measured by the non-invasive method of fluorophotometry and by other methods. Measurements were carried out on 12 cats before and after one week of twice daily treatment with 2% epinephrine hydrochloride to one eye. Aqueous flow and outflow facility were determined using fluorophotometry. Uveoscleral outflow was calculated from these results and was evaluated with anterior chamber perfusion of FITC-dextran. Outflow facility also was measured by tonography. Epinephrine-treated eyes, compared with their baseline values, showed a 31% reduction in intraocular pressure (P<0.001), a 23% reduction in aqueous flow (P<0.05), a 60% increase in fluorophotometric outflow facility (P<0.05), and a 43% increase in tonographic outflow facility (P<0.05). Treated eyes, compared with contralateral control eyes, showed a 27% reduction in IOP (P<0.005), a 25% reduction in aqueous flow (P<0.005), a 38% increase in fluorophotometric outflow facility (P<0.05), and a 34% increase in tonographic outflow facility. When evaluated by both fluorophotometry and FITC-dextran tracer methods, epinephrine had no significant effect on uveoscleral outflow. It was concluded that, in cats treated with topical epinephrine twice daily for a week, a reduction in intraocular pressure is induced by an increase in outflow facility and decrease in aqueous flow.     

非酮症高渗性糖尿病昏迷的水化治疗(附23例报告)

目的 探讨非酮症高渗性糖尿病昏迷的水化疗法。方法 8年来我们对23例非酮症高渗性糖尿病昏迷患者采用了水化治疗方法,在常规内科治疗方法的基础上同时口服或胃管灌注温开水进行消化道补液治疗。结果 采用水化治疗12小时后,血糖、血钠及血浆渗透压即开始下降,24小时后明显下降。除3例死于严重的多系统器官功能衰竭外,其余均治愈。结论 水化治疗方法简单、安全、有效。     

高效液相色谱法测定绿茶和饮料中的咖啡因

采用反相高效液相色谱法，固定相为十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶，以乙腈-水(20：80)为流动相，检测波长274nm，测定绿茶和饮料中的咖啡因含量。结果线性范围为3．9～3900ng，r=O.9999；绿茶和2种饮料的平均加样回收率分别为100．2％、100．1％和99．8％。该方法准确、简便、快速，适合绿茶和可乐型饮料中咖啡因的测定。     

血管钠肽降低低氧大鼠心脏内皮素-1水平

目的　观察低氧对大鼠心脏内皮素 1(ET 1)水平的调节作用 ,以及血管钠肽 (VNP)对这一过程的影响。方法　将大鼠随机分为 4组 :对照组、低氧组、VNP(75 μg·kg-1)组和低氧 +VNP(2 5～ 75 μg·kg-1)组 ,采用放射免疫的方法测定大鼠心脏cGMP和ET 1水平 ,并以原位杂交的方法分析ET 1的mRNA水平。结果　低氧使大鼠心脏ET 1及其mRNA的水平升高 (P <0 0 5 ,vs对照组 ) ;VNP(5 0、75 μg·kg-1)使低氧大鼠心脏ET 1及其mRNA的水平降低 (P <0 0 5 ,vs低氧组 )。对照组和低氧组的心脏cGMP水平没有差异 ,而VNP组和低氧 +VNP(5 0、75 μg·kg-1)组的心脏cGMP水平高于对照组和低氧组 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　低氧可以使大鼠心脏ET 1及其mRNA的水平增加 ,而VNP可以抑制这一过程     

1-氨基茚的合成

目的：合成1-氨基茚。方法：以苯丙酰氯为初始原料，经3步反应合成1-氨基茚。由TLC确定每步反应终点。结果：目标化合物结构经MS确证，纯度经GSMS测定达97．8％。结论：该法合成了1-氨基茚，收率达39．2％。     

诱发型一氧化氮合酶在人类鼻黏膜上皮细胞中的表达

目的　探讨人类鼻黏膜上皮细胞应答炎性刺激因子白细胞介素 1 β(interleukin 1 β ,IL 1 β)和肿瘤坏死因子 (tumornecrosisfactor α ,TNF α) ,合成诱发型一氧化氮合酶 (induciblenitricoxidesynthase ,iNOS)的能力及其机制 ,以及类固醇药物对上皮细胞的影响。方法　将人类鼻黏膜上皮细胞(包括鼻息肉上皮细胞 ,下鼻甲上皮细胞 )进行无血清原代细胞培养 ,分别加入各种不同浓度的炎性刺激因子 (IL 1 β和TNF α)以及地塞米松 ,采用原位杂交的方法检测不同条件下iNOSmRNA的水平。结果　①不论用IL 1 β或是TNF α刺激 ,iNOSmRNA水平均随浓度的增加 ,时间的延长而增加 ,尤以鼻息肉上皮细胞明显。但当浓度到一定水平后 ,iNOSmRNA水平不再继续升高 ;②用IL 1 β +TNF α共同刺激 ,iNOSmRNA水平要高于单纯用其中的一种 (P <0 .0 1 ) ,同样鼻息肉上皮细胞iNOSmRNA水平要高于下鼻甲上皮细胞 ;③加入地塞米松后 ,被炎性因子诱发的iNOSmRNA升高的水平下降。当地塞米松浓度为 4 0ng/ml以上时 ,iNOSmRNA水平不再继续下降。 结论　①IL 1 β和TNF α上调人类鼻黏膜上皮细胞合成的iNOSmRNA水平 ,鼻息肉上皮细胞更为活跃。它的机制可能是通过核因子 κB途径 ;②地塞米松降低这种上调作用 ,它的机制可能是通过阻断核     

Differential expression of the enzyme that esterifies retinol, lecithin:retinol acyltransferase, in subtypes of human renal cancer and normal kidney.

PURPOSE: Retinoids, a group of compounds, including vitamin A (retinol), and related metabolites, have been shown to regulate the growth and differentiation of many types of cells. IFN-alpha and either 13-cis-retinoic acid or liposomal all-trans retinoic acid have been used in the treatment of patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. We knew that samples from renal cell carcinomas contained greatly reduced levels of retinol and retinyl esters relative to samples from normal human kidney. This prompted us to examine the levels of LRAT (lecithin:retinol acyltransferase) protein in various subtypes of human kidney cancers relative to normal human kidney by immunohistochemistry. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We examined 31 partial or radical nephrectomy specimens diagnosed with kidney tumors between 1997 and 1998. Representative paraffin-embedded tissue blocks from each tumor, with each containing adjacent nonneoplastic renal parenchyma, were used for immunohistochemical analysis with affinity purified antibodies to human LRAT protein. RESULTS: LRAT protein was detected at high levels in the epithelial cells in the tubules and the lining of Bowman's capsule in the glomeruli of normal, nonneoplastic kidney sections. Among the 31 tumors, there were 13 cases of conventional (clear cell) renal cell carcinoma (RCC; including 2 multilocular cystic RCCs), 7 papillary RCC, 6 chromophobe RCC, 1 RCC, unclassified, and 4 renal oncocytoma. All tumors showed diffuse immunoreactivity for LRAT. In each case, the staining was uniform throughout the tumor, with only minimal variation in the staining intensity between different areas. All 4 renal oncocytomas, 2 of 6 chromophobe RCCs, 1 conventional (clear cell) carcinoma, 1 RCC, unclassified, and 2 conventional RCCs, which were of the multilocular cystic-type stained strongly (3+) for LRAT. In contrast, the remaining conventional RCCs and the papillary RCC samples stained much less intensely for LRAT. Of the 10 tumors that stained 3+ for LRAT in the study, 9 were either benign tumors or tumors with low malignant potential. CONCLUSIONS: These data show that LRAT expression is higher in renal tumors with an indolent biological behavior. Additional studies will ascertain if LRAT possesses any prognostic or therapeutic role in renal cancer.     

外伤后迟发性颅内血肿临床分析

目的　探讨外伤后迟发性颅内血肿的发病原因、诊断、治疗和预防措施。方法　回顾分析 2 4例外伤后迟发性颅内血肿的临床资料。结果　 2 1例治愈 ,其中 15例完全康复 ,6例有不同程度的神经功能障碍 ,死亡 3例。结论　年龄因素、受伤部位、凝血功能异常、过量脱水和减压是出现外伤后迟发性颅内血肿的诱发因素 ;伤后 72h内为发病高峰 ,绝大多数发生于伤后 36h内 ;伤后早期严密观察病情变化、动态复查头颅CT是确诊关键