Giant multilocular prostatic cystadenoma in a young man: A case report from Jordan

Giant Multilocular Prostatic Cystadenoma (GMPC) is one of the rare benign tumors of the prostate. This report presents a case of a young man who has been recently diagnosed with GMPC. Our report highlights the importance of timely diagnosis and treatment, considering the overlapping symptoms with other common urinary conditions.     

Effects of bupivacaine and tetrodotoxin on carrageenan-induced hind paw inflammation in rats (Part 1): hyperalgesia, edema, and systemic cytokines

BACKGROUND: Local anesthetics exert antiinflammatory actions. To elucidate potential mechanisms, the authors examined effects of bupivacaine or tetrodotoxin, administered to rats by ipsilateral or contralateral sciatic blockade or systemically, on carrageenan-induced hind paw hyperalgesia, edema, and stimulated cytokine production in circulating blood cells. METHODS: Twelve groups of rats (n = 9-12) received injections in three sites: (1) right or left hind paw (carrageenan or saline), (2) left sciatic block, and (3) systemically (subcutaneously in the upper back). Sciatic and systemic injections were performed with epinephrine plus bupivacaine, tetrodotoxin, or saline; injections were repeated 6 h later. Fifteen hours later, hyperalgesia and/or sensory and motor block were assessed behaviorally, and paw edema was quantified by magnetic resonance imaging. Stimulated production of tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 10, and interleukin 1beta in whole blood cultures was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: Either ipsilateral or contralateral sciatic blocks using either bupivacaine or tetrodotoxin reduced carrageenan-induced edema and hyperalgesia. Systemic bupivacaine and tetrodotoxin were ineffective in preventing edema and hyperalgesia. Bupivacaine was effective in suppressing systemic tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin 1beta by all three routes, whereas tetrodotoxin was ineffective by all three routes. CONCLUSION: Bupivacaine and tetrodotoxin, via a contralateral or ipsilateral sciatic block, attenuate local inflammatory edema and hyperalgesia induced by hind paw injection of carrageenan in rats. Mechanisms underlying contralateral effects of sciatic blockade remain unexplained. Bupivacaine inhibits carrageenan-evoked systemic cytokine production by a mechanism not shared by tetrodotoxin; this action may involve tetrodotoxin-resistant sodium channels or a variety of non-sodium-channel targets.     

Diabetic foot screening: why is it neglected?

Understanding reasons for the neglect of foot screening during the annual review of people with diabetes enables the development of solutions for this omission. This study explores the reasons within the context of health care delivery systems in terms of the professional, social, political and economic aspects of this screening. Information was obtained through reviewing publications on diabetic foot and health care reform. The omission of annual foot examination for people with diabetes is attributed to the nature of diabetes-related foot problems, people with diabetes, health care professionals and the current structure of health care delivery systems. Increasing the adherence to foot screening for those with diabetes requires short- and long-term strategies. Short- and long-term strategies for reminding patients and staff about foot screening are suggested.     

New pyrrolo[2,1-f]purine-2,4-dione and imidazo[2,1-f]purine-2,4-dione derivatives as potent and selective human A3 adenosine receptor antagonists

Compounds presenting an additional fused ring on the xanthine nucleus have been reported to exhibit antagonistic activity with various levels of affinity and selectivity toward the four adenosine receptors subtypes A(1), A(2A), A(2B), and A(3). This paper reports synthesis and biological evaluation of new 1-benzyl-3-propyl-1H,6H-pyrrolo[2,1-f]purine-2,4-diones and 1-benzyl-3-propyl-1H,8H-imidazo[2,1-f]purine-2,4-diones, among which we identified potent and selective A(3) adenosine receptors antagonists. In particular, 1-benzyl-7-methyl-3-propyl-1H,8H-imidazo[2,1-f]purine-2,4-dione (11e) shows a K(i) (hA(3)) value from binding assay of 0.8 nM.