我院中药注射剂236例不良反应原因分析

目的 了解我院中药注射剂不良反应(ADR)发生原因.方法 通过病例回顾跟踪随访的方式对我院236例ADR在患者、药物、处方及护理等单因素和Logistic回归进行多因素分析.结果 236例中药注射剂不良反应主要原因为给药剂量过大,联合用药,输液配制时间过长,老龄患者未作肝肾功能检查,适应症不合理等.结论 进一步提高医护人员业务水平,改进处方和护理行为可减少ADR的发生.     

慢性乙肝抗病毒治疗过程中低病毒血症对病毒学与肝脏获益的影响

目前各大指南已将恩替卡韦、替诺福韦作为乙肝抗病毒治疗一线药物,大部分患者经治疗后可以获得持续性病毒学应答,但随着检测技术提升,发现仍有部分患者经乙肝一线抗病毒方案正规治疗1年后其HBV DNA水平低于2000 IU/mL,但间歇或持续高于最低检测下限,即处于低病毒血症状态.已有研究表明在慢性乙型肝炎的治疗中,病毒的抑制情况与疾病的进展密切相关,病毒载量越低,进展为肝硬化、肝细胞癌的风险也越低.目前研究已证实低病毒血症可导致慢性HBV感染患者出现肝纤维化程度加重、肝功能失代偿发生率增加、肝癌发生率增加等后果.但同样有研究表明,大部分低病毒血症患者实际上HBV DNA水平在20～200 IU/mL之间,如此低病毒血症的概念是否足以涵盖极低病毒血症在临床上的影响呢?本文将对低病毒血症对乙肝病毒学及肝脏病理生理等的影响做一综述,以引起临床医师对低病毒血症患者的重视以及对极低病毒血症的思索,为临床医生更合理治疗及随访乙肝患者提供依据.     

迷迭香精油对黑色素细胞抗氧化特性及黑色素生成的影响

目的:探讨迷迭香精油对体外培养的小鼠黑色素细胞的抗氧化特性及黑色素生成的影响.方法:分别用不同浓度的迷迭香精油处理小鼠黑色素细胞,观察效应物对细胞形态的影响,用MTS法测定迷迭香精油对细胞增殖率的影响,用试剂盒测定细胞内T-SOD活性、ROS的含量,以左旋多巴(L-DOPA)为底物测定细胞内酪氨酸酶的活性,采用氢氧化钠裂解法测定细胞内黑色素的含量.结果:迷迭香精油能使细胞内T-SOD活性增加,ROS含量下降,显著抑制黑色素细胞的黑色素生成和酪氨酸酶的活性,且呈剂量依赖关系.在无毒浓度0.073 g·L-1下即表现出较好的抑制效果,酪氨酸酶相对活性90.58％,黑色素含量87.19％.结论:迷迭香精油具有抗氧化及抑制黑色素细胞黑色素生成的功效.     

基于偏头痛患者报告的结局评价量表症状条目初步筛选

目的 建立用于偏头痛疗效评价的症状条目,为制定基于偏头痛患者报告的结局评价(patient-reported outcome,PRO)量表奠定基础.方法 筛选102例近代头痛医案中出现频率≥5%的症状和218例偏头痛临床研究病例中出现频率≥5%且治疗后显著改善(P＜0.05)的症状.以筛选结果为基础,采取专家单独访谈和研究小组讨论的方式,初步确定偏头痛临床疗效评价的症状条目池.结果 医案和临床研究病例共筛选出40条症状.经专家访谈和研究小组讨论,初步确定了23个症状条目可用于疗效评价,涉及头痛、躯体症状、心境/情感3个方面.结论 医案和临床研究病例可以作为偏头痛PRO量表症状条目池初步筛选的研究对象,筛选结果为制定专家咨询问卷和患者调研问卷提供了依据,为制定偏头痛PRO量表奠定了基础.     

模拟失重膳食Fe摄入及血清蛋白含量的变化

目的　探讨模拟失重膳食 Fe摄入量及蛋白质含量的变化 .方法　受试者 - 6°头低位卧床 2 1d,用称量法观察其营养素及 Fe摄入量的变化 ,并于卧床前 2 d,卧床 1,11和 2 1d测定血红蛋白 (Hb) ;用双缩脲法及溴甲酚绿法分别测定血清总蛋白及白蛋白含量 .结果　膳食 Fe摄入量 2 wk开始降低 16 % ,3wk后基本恢复 ,血清总蛋白也在 2 wk降低 5 % (P<0 .0 5 ) ,3wk回升 ,Hb不受影响 .结论　模拟失重对膳食Fe摄入量及总蛋白含量有短期影响 ,经过适应期后可恢复到正常范围     

自体胸腔积液上清作为培养液对肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞生长的影响

目的：观察自体胸腔积液上清作为培养液对肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞(TIL)生长的影响．方法：恶性胸腔积液中的TIL经贴壁法分离后，分别采用含有细胞因子白细胞介素-2(IL-2)、CD3单克隆抗体(OKT3)及植物血球凝集素(PHA)的自体胸腔积液上清及含10％人AB型血清的RPMIl640进行培养，比较两种培养液对TIL的增殖速度、培养前后免疫表型变化和对自体肿瘤细胞的杀伤活性。结果：培养2周，经统计学比较发现，自体胸腔积液上清作为培养液对TIL的生长速度、免疫表型和对自体肿瘤细胞杀伤活性的影响与应用含10％人AB型血清的RPMIl640培养液培养无差异。结论：自体胸腔积液上清作为培养液培养TIL是可行的。为自体TIL疗法治疗恶性胸腔积液提供理论基础。     

早期机械通气治疗重型颅脑损伤患者的临床研究

目的观察早期机械通气对重型颅脑损伤的临床研究。方法选择50例ICU收治的重型颅脑损伤患者作为研究对象,采取随机抽样法分为机械通气治疗组(A组)和吸氧治疗组(B组)两组,分别给以机械通气(每天FiO2100%2 h)和吸氧(低流量)治疗,每天监测患者生命体征、颅内压(ICP)、C一反应蛋白(CRP)、PO2、PCO2、氧合指数(PaO2/FiO2),比较两组患者脑水肿消退程度、脑水肿消退时间、平均ICU住院时间、死亡率的变化。结果两组治疗后比较.机械通气治疗组较吸氧治疗组生命体征更趋于稳定。各项监测指标提示机械通气治疗组PO2及氧合指数更佳,脑水肿消退快、程度轻,脑水肿持续时间短,c反应蛋白明显下降,说明颅脑损伤逐步恢复。表3示2周内死亡率比较.机械通气治疗组较吸氧治疗组明显下降。机械通气治疗组与吸氧治疗组比较,P<0.05,有统计学意义。结论早期机械通气能减轻脑水肿,降低颅内压,改善脑循环,改善脑供氧,防止氧自由基的产生减轻炎症损伤.防止并发症。降低病死率及ICU住院时间。     

枝化状聚乙二醇交联改善猪去细胞主动脉瓣的力学性能比较

Objective Branched polyethylene glycols (PEG) with different molecular weight were cross-linked to the porcine decellularized aortic valve (DAV) and the effects of PEG cross-linking on the mechanical properties were investigated. Methods A total of 25 porcine DAVs were randomly assigned into 5 groups: PEG3400, PEG8000, PEG12000, PEG20000 and control. The reactive time was 4 h at room temperature. The efficiency of crosslinking was calculated by measuring the residual thiol group. The mechanical properties were obtained by static tensile test. Results The efficiency of crosslinking was 92. 40% , 89. 88% , 87. 87% and 87. 46% in PEG3400, PEG8000, PEG12000, PEG20000 groups, respectively. As compared with other groups, the PEG3400 group had significantly greater increase in the crosslinking degree (P ＜ 0. 05). Tensile test showed the tensile strength of PEG12000 and PEG20000 groups was (3. 22 ±0.41) and (3. 19 ±0. 15) MPa, respectively, and significantly different from that in control group (P ＜ 0. 05). The tensile strength and young' s modulus had a positive correlation with the molecular weight of PEG. Conclusion Branched PEG with the molecular weight of 12 000 Da and 20 000 Dacan effectively crosslink to the porcine decellularized aortic valves and improve their mechanical behaviors, and has the potential to be used as the material of fabricating new hybrid scaffold of tissue engineering heart valves.     

锁定跟骨钢板治疗新鲜跟骨骨折

目的 探讨采用锁定跟骨钢板治疗新鲜跟骨关节内移位骨折的临床疗效.方法 2004年10月至2006年10月,治疗34例男性闭合性跟骨关节内移位骨折患者,年龄19～42岁,平均34岁;左足14例,右足20例;高处坠落伤22例,车祸伤12例.受伤至手术时间7～21天,平均13天.术前均对伤足摄正、侧位X线片及跟骨的CT轴位片.根据Sanders分型,Ⅱ型16例,Ⅲ型18例.采用扩大外侧入路对34例患者进行手术,骨折复位后利用锁定跟骨钢板完成骨折内固定.结果 28例患者获得随访,随访时间6～40个月,平均20个月.切口均甲级愈合.B(o)hler角由术前平均7.41°±4.08°改善至术后第7天的29.74°±5.56°和术后3个月的30.00°±5.53°;Gissane角由术前平均163.71°±9.31°改善至术后第7天的122.59°±14.11°和术后3个月的125.85°±19.31°.骨折均愈合,愈合时间为6～12周.术后无一例患者发生撞击或神经、血管损伤等并发症,未出现骨折移位或内固定失败等情况.术前美国足踝外科学会(American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society,AOFAS)评分系统的踝-后足评分为(17.68±9.34)分,术后3个月和6个月分别为(74.79±4.01)分和(74.28±17.92)分.结论 应用锁定跟骨钢板治疗新鲜跟骨骨折,可以获得满意的临床效果,利于患者的功能恢复.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the clinical outcome of operative management of displaced intraarticular fractures of the calcaneus using locking plates. Methods From October 2004 to October 2006, 34patients with close displaced intraarticular fractures of the calcaneus were fixed with Calcaneal locking Plates through the extensive lateral approach. The right foot was involved in 20 patients. The mean age was 34 yesrs with a range of 19 to 42 years. Accordiing to Sanders' classification system, there were 16 patients in style Ⅱ and 18 in style Ⅲ The mean interval between injury and operation was 13 days Standard reduction and fixation techniques were performed to realign all components of the intra-articular calcaneal fracture using a locking calcaneal fracture plate. The result were evaluated with AOFAS (American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society) ankle-hindfoot scale. Results Twenty-eight patients were followed up. The follow-up duration ranged from six to forty months, with the mean of twenty months. angle and were measured at, The average B(o)hler angle was 29° and 30° and the average Gissane was 122° and 125° seven days and three months after operation. Bone union was achieved in all cases. All incisons had healed smoothly. No patient sustained lateral impingement syndrome or soft tissue complications The mean AOFAS scores that was measured three months and six months after operation was 74. Conclusion The application of the calcaneal locking plates through extended lateral approach is proved to be an effective treatment for displaced intra-articular calcaneal fracture, offering the combination of good reduction and early rehabilitation.     

9-硝基喜树碱及其脂质体对HepG2、L02细胞周期和凋亡作用的研究

目的 研究9-硝基喜树碱及其脂质体对人肝癌细胞株HepG2和人正常肝细胞L02细胞周期、凋亡的影响及其可能的作用机制.方法 HepG2、L02细胞用含不同浓度9-硝基喜树碱及其脂质体的培养液孵育后,利用MTT法测定细胞活性,流式细胞术检测细胞周期及细胞凋亡,WesternBlot验证周期相关蛋白和凋亡相关蛋白的表达变化.结果 9-硝基喜树碱及其脂质体对两种细胞生长呈时间和剂量依赖性抑制.药物处理后S期和G2/M期细胞明显增多,浓度大于0.1 μmol/L时24 h后HepG2细胞完全阻滞于S期;0.1 μmol/L孵育72 h后,超过95%HepG2细胞阻滞于G2/M期.药物对细胞凋亡的诱导作用也呈明显的剂量和时间依赖关系.Western Blot显示:Bax、Caspase3表达增高,Cyclin A、Cdk2、Cyclin E、Bcl-2表达减低.与L02相比,HepG2细胞对药物更加敏感.结论 9-硝基喜树碱及其脂质体可以通过调控细胞周期和诱导凋亡有效抑制细胞生长,其对肿瘤细胞的抑制作用强于正常肝细胞.9-硝基喜树碱脂质体体外抗肿瘤效果略强于9-硝基喜树碱单体.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the modulating effects and explore their mechanism of 9-nitrocamptothecin and its liposomes to induce apoptosis and inhibit cell cycle in HepG2 and L02 cell lines. Methods Cells were incubated with 9-nitrocamptothecin(9NC) or with 9-nitrocamptothecin liposomes for 24 h, 48 h and 72 h, then, the cell viability was measured via MTT assay; cell cycle and apoptosis was evaluated by flow cytometry after stained by PI and Annexin V-PE/7AAD. Additional, Western Blot was used to evaluate the expression of cell cycle and apoptosis related protein. Results Both cells viability were apparently inhibited by the 9-nitrocamptothecin and 9-nitrocamptothecin liposomes, the inhibitory effect showed a time-dependent and dose-dependent manner. Both S and G2/M phases arrest were observed after incubated with drugs. HepG2 cell was completely arrested in S phase when 9NC concentration over than 0. 1 μmol/L after incubation for 24 h, while more than 95% cells arrested in G2/M phase when 9NC concentration is 0. 1 μmol/L after incubation for 72 h. Apoptosis induction effect also showed a time-dependent and dose-dependent manner. Western Blot results showed the expression of Bax and Caspase-3 were upregulated while Cyclin A, Cdk2, Cyclin E and Bcl-2 were downregulated. More importantly, the compounds were more cytotoxic to the cancer cell lines than to the normal liver cell. Conclusions 9-nitrocamptothecin and 9-nitrocamptothecin liposomes can potently inhibit cell growth via regulation of cell cycle and induction of apoptosis, and this effect was preferentially in cancer cell. Inhibitory of 9-nitrocamptothecin liposomes was slightly better than the 9-nitrocamptothecin.