不同负荷运动训练对大鼠红细胞膜特性的影响

本文采用实验研究方法,通过对大鼠运动后红细胞数量,Hb浓度及体重等一般情况的检测,拟对其施加不同负荷的训练,观察训练后大鼠红细胞膜流动性及红细胞膜脂质成分的变化,进一步讨论运动后红细胞功能及机体机能所发生的变化。实验结果表明,小负荷的运动训练通过改善RBCM脂质组成,增加p/c比值、增强其抗氧化能力等增加RBCM流动性,使红细胞的变形能力增加,有利于其运氧功能的发挥。大负荷训练后RBCM流动性下降,提示不同负荷的运动训练会引起机体产生不同的变化,进而导致机体运动水平上的差异,整体携氧能力下降。     

国人上矢状窦窦腔内结构的内镜解剖

目的观察国人上矢状窦窦腔内结构，特别是纤维索和蛛网膜颗粒的完整解剖形态。方法成人头颅标本5具，去除颅盖，应用内镜观察研究上矢状窦窦腔内纤维索及蛛网膜颗粒的原始结构特征；并纵行剖开管腔，显微镜下观察纤维索、蛛网膜颗粒。结果内镜下观察上矢状窦管腔内纤维索大致分3种类型：瓣膜状（47．1％）、小梁状（30．6％）、板层状（22．3％）。蛛网膜颗粒多集中于上矢状窦中段侧壁及静脉隐窝处呈指状突起突入窦腔。结论内镜较常规解剖手段可以更直观地观察上矢状窦窦腔内结构的完整形态特征。     

颈椎术后病人首次下床活动的感受及需求的调查

早期下床活动的必要性已得到大家认可,但术后早期病人常常较虚弱,且下床活动时会引发一些不适,病人也会有一些担心和顾虑,这在一定程度上会影响病人下床活动的积极性。颈椎手术本身有其特殊性,术后对颈部的稳定要求较高,因此此类病人活动有其特点。本研究以颈椎术后已下床活动的病人为研究对象,通过问卷调查,了解颈椎手术后病人首次下床的感受和相关需求,为进一步提高颈椎术后护理质量提供依据。1资料和方法1.1对象采用方便取样,选取2005年4月—2005年6月在某三甲医院因颈椎病入院、术后已下床活动的病人75例。其中男54例,女21例;年龄28岁~7…     

王焕禄老中医治疗哮喘发作期的用药经验

王焕禄老中医在长期的临床实践中，总结出治疗哮喘病的一些用药体会，兹介绍如下，以飨读者。     

Synthetic/secreting and apoptotic phenotypes in renal biopsy tissues from hypertensive nephrosclerosis patients.

The major glomerular abnormalities in hypertensive nephrosclerosis are described as glomerular obsolescence (GO), glomerulosclerosis (GS), and glomerular collapse (GC). However, glomerular cellular changes caused by hypertensive insults have not been well analyzed. Using an immunoenzyme method, we examined eleven biopsy samples from patients with hypertensive nephrosclerosis for two synthetic and secreting phenotypes, a-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) and collagen type III (Col. III), and two apoptotic phenotypes, pro-apoptotic molecule Bax and anti-apoptotic molecule BcI-2. Together with the glomerular and vascular changes and interstitial fibrosis (IF) area, the results were scored quantitatively and semi-quantitatively and compared to the clinical findings, which included systolic blood pressure (SBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), serum creatinine levels (sCr) and creatinine clearance (Ccr), using univariate and multivariate analyses. As a result, GS was frequently observed in the mild-to-moderate hypertensive group (140 < or = SBP<180 mmHg), whereas GC was positively correlated with SBP. Furthermore, there was a positive correlation of GS with mesangial alpha-SMA and Col. III, suggesting that GS was the reflection of these synthetic and secreting phenotypic changes in mesangial cells. Endothelial Bax was positively correlated with Ccr (p<0.01); in contrast, podocytic Bax was positively correlated with sCr (p<0.05) and showed a tendency to correlate with MAP (p=0.054). In conclusion, these findings support the view that mesangial synthetic and secreting phenotypic changes may be a reflection of cellular activation caused by mild-to-moderate hypertension and that apoptotic phenotypic expression in podocytes, rather than endothelial cells, may be related to the development of a severe form of hypertensive nephrosclerosis.     

管状膨体聚四氟乙烯用于组织工程支架材料的动物实验研究

目的：研究膨体聚四氟乙烯(ePTFE)植入动物体内后与机体的关系。方法：管状膨体聚四氟乙烯两端闭合，内充DMEM培养液，埋入家兔皮下，观察宿主生命情况，于术后1、2、4、6周取出标本，行大体及光镜下观察。结果：家兔在植入膨体聚四氟乙烯材料及DMEM培养液后存活情况良好，DMEM培养液在1周时即已完全无色透明；4周时膨体聚四氟乙烯与周围组织有粘连，6周时粘连紧密；光镜下观察，各时间点材料间隙均可见着色，1周时可见少量淋巴细胞浸润，无血管及组织细胞。材料内壁未见细胞附着。结论：植入膨体聚四氟乙烯材料及少量DMEM培养液对宿主动物存活无影响；管内外液体可相互交通，管状膨体聚四氟乙烯可作为组织工程化尿道的支架材料。     

Angiopoietin1/Tie2 and VEGF/Flk1 induced by MSC treatment amplifies angiogenesis and vascular stabilization after stroke.

Bone marrow stromal cells (MSCs) increase vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression and promote angiogenesis after stroke. Angiopoietin-1 (Ang1) and its receptor Tie2 mediate vascular integrity and angiogenesis as does VEGF and its receptors. In this study, we tested whether MSC treatment of stroke increases Ang1/Tie2 expression, and whether Ang1/Tie2 with VEGF/ vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) (Flk1), in combination, induced by MSCs enhances angiogenesis and vascular integrity. Male Wistar rats were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) and treated with or without MSCs. Marrow stromal cell treatment significantly decreased blood-brain barrier (BBB) leakage and increased Ang1, Tie2, and occludin (a tight junction protein) expression in the ischemic border compared with MCAo control. To further test the mechanisms of MSC-induced angiogenesis and vascular stabilization, cocultures of MSCs with mouse brain endothelial cells (MBECs) or astrocytes were performed. Supernatant derived from MSCs cocultured with MBECs significantly increased MBEC expression of Ang1/Tie2 and Flk1 compared with MBEC alone. Marrow stromal cells cocultured with astrocytes also significantly increased astrocyte VEGF and Ang1/Tie2 expression compared with astrocyte culture alone. Conditioned media from MSCs alone, and media from cocultures of MSCs with astrocytes or MBECs, all significantly increased capillary tube-like formation of MBEC compared with control Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium media. Inhibition of Flk1 and/or Ang1 significantly decreased MSC-induced MBEC tube formation. Knockdown of Tie2 expression in MBECs significantly inhibited MSC-induced tube formation. Our data indicate MSC treatment of stroke promotes angiogenesis and vascular stabilization, which is at least partially mediated by VEGF/Flk1 and Ang1/Tie2.     

The upregulation of glial glutamate transporter-1 participates in the induction of brain ischemic tolerance in rats.

Glial glutamate transporter-1 (GLT-1) plays an essential role in removing glutamate from the extracellular space and maintaining the glutamate below neurotoxic level in the brain. To explore whether GLT-1 plays a role in the acquisition of brain ischemic tolerance (BIT) induced by cerebral ischemic preconditioning (CIP), the present study was undertaken to observe in vivo changes in the expression of GLT-1 and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in the CA1 hippocampus during the induction of BIT, and the effect of dihydrokainate (DHK), an inhibitor of GLT-1, on the acquisition of BIT in rats. Immunohistochemistry for GFAP showed that the processes of astrocytes were prolonged after a CIP 2 days before the lethal ischemic insult, which could protect pyramidal neurons in the CA1 hippocampus against delayed neuronal death induced normally by lethal ischemic insult. The prolonged processes extended into the area between the pyramidal neurons and tightly surrounded them. These changes made the pyramidal layer look like a 'shape grid'. Simultaneously, the prolonged and extended processes showed a great deal of GLT-1. Western blotting analysis showed significant upregulation of GLT-1 expression after the CIP, especially when it was administered 2 days before the subsequent lethal ischemic insult. Neuropathological evaluation by thionin staining showed that DHK dose-dependently blocked the protective role of CIP against delayed neuronal death induced normally by lethal brain ischemia. It might be concluded that the surrounding of pyramidal neurons by astrocytes and upregulation of GLT-1 induced by CIP played an important role in the acquisition of the BIT induced by CIP.     

Foley尿管气囊压迫治疗骶前静脉丛大出血的评价(附6例报告)

目的:评价直肠癌根治术中用Foley尿管气囊压迫治疗骶前静脉丛大出血(MPVP)的临床价值。方法:分析1995~2005年用Foley尿管气囊压迫治疗骶前静脉丛大出血6例的临床资料。结果:6例骶前大出血中全部用Foley尿管气囊压迫控制出血,术中出血量为800~1700mL,Foley尿管于术后4d拔除3例,5d1例,6d2例,均无再出血,会阴切口均一期愈合。结论:Foley尿管气囊压迫治疗骶前静脉丛大出血是一种简单安全有效的治疗方法。