玻璃体视网膜手术后早期低眼压和睫状体脱离的临床观察

目的 观察玻璃体视网膜手术后早期睫状体脱离的发生率及其自然病程，并分析其与手术后早期低眼压的关系。方法 利用超声生物显微镜检查(UBM)连续观察行玻璃体视网膜手术治疗的患者46例46只眼。按玻璃体视网膜手术后不同填充内容分组：气体填充组11例11只眼，硅油填充组8例8只眼，平衡盐溶液（BSS）填充组27例27只眼。按手术后眼压分组：眼压<10 mm Hg（1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa)组25例25只眼，≥10 mm Hg组21例21只眼。玻璃体视网膜手术后第3天行UBM确定有无睫状体脱离，手术后每天用非接触眼压计监测眼压，有睫状体脱离者每隔7 d复查1次，直至睫状体脱离复位，所有患者均随访观察14～35 d。结果 手术后睫状体脱离20例，占本组患者的43.5％。无睫状体脱离者26例，占本组患者的56.5%。玻璃体视网膜手术后气体填充组睫状体脱离发生率 27.3％，硅油填充组25.0％，而BSS填充组为55.6％。睫状体脱离者手术后平均眼压(6.47±4.49) mm Hg （1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa），无睫状体脱离者平均眼压(15.61±7.72) mm Hg，两者差异有统计学意义（t=8.031,P＜0.001）。手术后眼压<10 mm Hg组患者睫状体脱离发生率为68.0％，眼压≥10 mm Hg组患者睫状体脱离发生率为14.3％，两组差异有统计学意义(χ2＝15.60, P＜0.001)。玻璃体视网膜手术后早期睫状体脱离患者除1例因低眼压引起视盘水肿而需行气体填充外，其余患者均在手术后30 d内自行复位。结论 手术后早期睫状体脱离是玻璃体视网膜手术的常见并发症。玻璃体视网膜手术后行BSS填充患者手术后睫状体脱离的发生率高。绝大多数患者睫状体脱离能够在玻璃体视网膜手术后30 d内自行复位。     

湖南省衡阳地区STD患者病原体检测

目的 了解衡阳地区性传播疾病(STD)患者病原体感染情况。方法 对2420例可疑STD患者进行检测：淋病奈瑟菌(NG)、解脲脲原体(UU)、人型支原体(MH)采用培养法；沙眼衣原体(CT)、人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)、单纯疱疹病毒(HSV)核酸采用聚合酶链反应(PCR)法；梅毒螺旋体(TP)采用快速血浆反应素环状卡片试验(RPR)和TP-PA法。结果 STD病原体阳性检出率为38．1％(922／2420)。在922例中UU占29．6％，CT20．8％，HPV17．8％，NG17．4％，MH6．3％，HSV4．2％，TP3．9％。结论 衡阳地区STD患者中UU感染率最高，CT和HPV次之，TP感染率最低。     

普拉克索在帕金森病治疗中的临床应用

帕金森病为一中老年人常见的慢性进展性中枢神经系统变性疾病，主要由于黑质致密区多巴胺能神经元变性导致黑质一纹状体通路多巴胺神经递质明显减少而发病。左旋多巴替代疗法虽然在帕金森病初期能有效地改善临床症状，但长期应用后疗效衰退并引起症状波动、运动障碍和精神症状等并发症。多巴胺受体激动药具有克服上述左旋多巴的不足，延缓左旋多巴治疗的开始时间并加强其治疗效果。根据多巴胺受体激动药的化学性质可将其分为麦角碱类和非麦角碱类，前临床常用药物有溴隐亭、培高利特、卡麦角林、麦角乙脲等，后包括阿朴吗啡、吡贝地尔、罗匹尼罗和普拉克索等。[第一段]     

小剂量异丙酚加喉上神经阻滞用于纤支镜检查

目的：观察异丙酚加喉上神经阻滞用于纤支镜检查期间，患对操作刺激反应、耐受程度以及对心血管反应和遗忘程度。方法：选40例拟诊肺癌患行ASAⅡ～Ⅲ纤支镜检查，喉上神经阻滞成功后推注0．5～1mg／kg异丙酚，患意识消失后，进行纤支镜操作。结果：所有病人都能耐受检查。术中收缩压、舒张压、心率、血氧饱和度等无明显影响，无恶心、呕吐等并发症，大大减轻了检查对病人带来的痛苦。结论：异丙酚加喉上神经阻滞用于纤支镜检查，对呼吸、循环影响小，能减轻病人痛苦，术后具有遗忘作用，值得推广。     

老年认知功能障碍与脑结构CT测量的相关性研究

目的探讨脑萎缩与老年认知功能障碍之间的相关性。方法对开滦集团公司1063名离退休职工进行健康查体,用简易精神状态量表(MMSE)评定认知功能,按分界值将本次研究对象分为认知功能障碍组和认知功能正常组,同时用CT线性测量脑的相关部位以诊断脑萎缩情况,并对各型脑萎缩与认知功能的相关系数及提示老年认知功能障碍的敏感度、特异度、准确度进行分析。结果1063名观察对象中符合入选标准并资料完整者共计511名,其中108名有认知功能障碍,髓质脑萎缩55名、皮质萎缩5名、混合型萎缩30名;认知功能正常者403名,髓质脑萎缩214名、皮质萎缩13名、混合型萎缩62名。认知功能障碍组脑萎缩的发病率高于认知功能正常组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.005);2组间颞叶海马钩回间距(26.86mm±3.73mmvs25.95mm±3.80mm)及海马钩回间距/大脑左右径的比值(0.21±0.02vs0.20±0.02)差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);海马钩回间距、皮质脑萎缩、混合型脑萎缩与认知功能障碍呈负相关(分别为r=-0.094,P=0.034,r=-0.156,P≈0.000,r=-0.147,P≈0.000),以海马钩回间距20mm提示老年认知功能障碍的敏感度最高(98.14%),混合型脑萎缩的特异度(84.86%)、准确度最高(72.80%)。结论CT测量相关脑结构,判断脑萎缩类型可以为老年认知功能障碍的诊断提供有价值的信息。     

转移瘤致股骨近端病理骨折的治疗

目的　探讨转移瘤致股骨近端病理骨折的治疗方法。方法　分析 1995年 5月至 2 0 0 2年 5月手术治疗的 16例的临床资料。结果　无手术并发症 ,术后疼痛明显缓解 ,伤口除 1例浅层感染外 ,余愈合良好。所有病例均存活在 3个月以上 ,14例术后继续原发肿瘤治疗。结论　股骨近端转移瘤所致的病理骨折应积极行手术治疗 ,内固定以带锁髓内钉加骨水泥为好。     

磁共振扩散加权成像对超急性期、急性期脑缺血的应用价值

磁共振扩散加权成像(DWI)可以快速、无创地反映脑缺血区分子水平发生的微观变化,为临床提供信息,本文对其在超急性期、急性期脑缺血的应用价值和限度进行综述。     

Changing health status and health expectancies among older adults in China: Gender differences from 1992 to 2002

Numerous studies document improvements in health status and health expectancies among older adults over time. However, most evidence is from developed nations and gender differences in health trends are often inconsistent. It remains unknown whether changes in health in developing countries resemble Western trends or whether patterns of health improvement are unique to the country's epidemiologic transition and gender norms. Using two nationally representative samples of non-institutionalized adults in China aged 65 years and older, this study investigates gender differences in the improvements in disability, chronic disease prevalence, and self-rated health from 1992 to 2002. Results from multivariate logistic regression models show that all three indicators of health improved over the 10-year period, with the largest improvement in self-rated health. With the exception of disability, the health of women improved more than men. Using Sullivan's decomposition methods, we also show that active life expectancy, disease-free life expectancy, and healthy life expectancy increased over this decade and were patterned differently according to gender. Overall, the findings demonstrate that China experienced broad health improvements during its early stages of the epidemiologic transition and that these changes were not uniform by gender. We discuss the public health implications of the findings in the context of China's rapidly aging population.     

Electrophysiological study on differentiation of rat bone marrow stromal stem cells into neuron-like cells in vitro by edaravone

To explore the electrophysiological proper-ties of differentiation of rat bone marrow-derived stromal stem cells (rBMSCs) to neuron-like cells in vitro by edaravone, a new type of free radical scavenger. Methods: Stromal stem cells were separated from rat bone marrow with Ficoll-Paque reagent and expanded in different culture medium in vitro, rBMSCs were induced by edaravone containing serum-free L-DMEM. Morphologic observation and Western blot analysis including the ex-pression of Nav1.6, Kv1.2, Kv1.3, Cav1.2 were performed, and whole patch-clamp technique was used. Results: Cyton contraction and long processes were shown in differentiated stromal stem cells. Nav1.6, Kv1.2, Kv1.3 and Cav1.2 were expressed in both differentiated and undifferentiated cells. However, the expression of channel proteins in differentiated cells was up-regulated. Consistently, their resting potential and outward currents were also enhanced in the differentiated cells, which was especially significant in the outward rectifier potassium current. Conclusion: In vitro, neuron-like cells derived from rBMSCs, induced by edaravone, possess electrophysiologi-cal properties of neurons.     

Characteristics of teenage mothers and predictors of breastfeeding initiation in the Michigan WIC Program in 1995. Women, Infants, and Children.

Although breast milk is recommended as the optimal source of infant nutrition, breastfeeding initiation is below recommended levels, especially among teenage mothers. Breastfeeding initiation rates among Michigan (US) teenage mothers (12-19 y) were compared by demographics and health behaviors. Multivariate analyses determined which factors were significant independent predictors of breastfeeding initiation among teenage mothers enrolled prenatally in the Michigan Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) program in 1995. Significant predictors independently associated with breastfeeding initiation were race/ethnicity, education, marital status, postpartum anemia status, parity, prenatal trimester of WIC enrollment, and smoking. The strongest predictor of breastfeeding initiation differed for white mothers (positive predictor: education beyond high school [OR = 3.13]) and black mothers (negative predictor: multiparous [OR = 0.25]). Initiation rates for this population of teenage mothers fall below the national average for mothers of all ages and the US Healthy People 2010 goals. Research is needed concerning how breastfeeding support and education can be improved to reach the US national health goals.