胎儿骨临床应用的研究(附40例报告)

本文报告了6～9个月胎儿长骨的化学成分的测定结果及其组织特点并与成人作了比较。自1985～1987年共进行了胎儿骨移植40例,随访38例,经4～20个月(平均10.3个月)的临床观察,证实胎儿骨移植后“爬行替代”快,骨诱导能力强,排斥反应不明显,笔者认为这些特点与胎骨的形态结构及化学成分有关。胎儿骨的采取和贮存简便,应用方便,易于推广和普及。     

Responses of reticulospinal neurons in the lateral reticular nucleus area of the rat to cutaneous noxious and non-noxious stimulation

Response properties of reticulospinal neurons in the lateral reticular nucleus (LRN) area to natural cutaneous stimulation were investigated systematically in 45 urethane-anesthetized rats by using extracellular recording techniques. A total of 64 neurons were tested with peripheral stimuli, of which 19 were responsive only to noxious stimuli; 7 responsive to both noxious and non-noxious stimuli; 4 responsive only to non-noxious stimuli; and 34 not responsive to any cutaneous stimuli. Both the noxious and non-noxious receptive fields were large and bilateral. Among the neurons responding to noxious stimuli, the majority (72%) was excited. This study provides evidence that some reticulospinal neurons in the rat LRN area are involved in the mechanisms of nociception.     

Morphology and Thermal Properties of MCPA6/ABS by in situ Polymerization of ε‐Caprolactam

Summary: In this work, blends of monomer casting polyamide 6 (MCPA6) and acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene (ABS) were successfully prepared by in situ polymerization via the application of ε‐caprolactam as a reactive solvent. The morphology and thermal properties of MCPA6/ABS were investigated by means of wide angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. The domain sizes of the ABS phase in MCPA6/ABS blends were much finer than those in corresponding polyamide 6 (PA6)/ABS blends prepared by simple melt blending. With an increased amount of ABS in MCPA6, the melt enthalpy (ΔH_f), the rate of crystallization (T_c) and the degree of crystallinity (X_c(DSC)) of MCPA6 in MCPA6/ABS blends were all decreased. The degree of supercooling (ΔT_d) showed a contrary trend. However, the melting temperatures of these blends were almost unchanged. All the results could be attributed to in situ polymerization and the hydrolysis reaction of ABS that occurred during the polymerization process. Furthermore, WAXD results showed that only α‐form crystals existed in the MCPA6/ABS blends, despite the ABS content and heat treatment.

SEM micrograph of the fractured surface of an MCPA6/ABS blend with an ABS content of 20 wt.‐% (×10 000).     

Immunoregulatory effects of morphine on human lymphocytes.

It is now well established that parenteral drug abuse is a significant risk factor for contracting human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection and subsequently developing AIDS. Earlier studies have shown that morphine can modulate various immune responses and therefore support the premise that morphine is a cofactor in susceptibility to and progression of HIV infection. Dysregulation of interferon (IFN) production, nonspecific apoptosis of T cells, and the immune response to soluble HIV gene products have been associated with potential mechanisms of pathogenesis in HIV disease. The present study was undertaken to examine the immunomodulatory role of morphine on HIV protein-induced lymphocyte proliferative responses, Sendai and Newcastle disease virus-induced alpha IFN (IFN-alpha) and IFN-beta production by lymphocytes and fibroblast cells, respectively, and induction of apoptosis of normal lymphocytes in vitro. Our results demonstrate that HIV protein-induced human lymphocyte proliferative responses were significantly inhibited by morphine in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, morphine significantly inhibited both IFN-alpha and IFN-beta production by normal lymphocytes and fibroblasts but induced apoptosis of normal lymphocytes. Inhibition of IFN-alpha production by morphine could be reversed by the opiate receptor antagonist naloxone. This suggests that the immunomodulatory effects of morphine are mediated through the opioid receptor. These studies support a role of morphine as a cofactor in the pathogenesis of HIV infection and describe some of the possible pathologic mechanisms which underlie the immunoregulatory effects of morphine.     

肝素酶和碱性成纤维细胞生长因子与非小细胞肺癌转移和预后的关系

目的 探讨肝素酶(heparanase)和碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF)在人非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)组织中表达的临床意义及其与肺癌转移和预后的关系。方法 采用免疫组织化学、原位杂交和Western blot方法,检测115例人NSCLC石蜡切片和45例新鲜肺癌及对应癌旁正常组织中肝素酶和bFGF的表达情况。采用χ^2检验、t检验、生存曲线和Cox比例风险回归等方法分析肝素酶和bFGF分别表达及共表达的意义。结果 免疫组织化学染色证实肝素酶(91／115)和bFGF(89／115)主要表达在癌细胞质和(或)细胞膜中,在正常肺泡上皮和支气管上皮中则呈阴性表达。Western blot也证实肝素酶在肺癌中的表达明显增高(P=0．041)。统计分析结果显示：肝素酶和bFGF的表达具有明显的一致性(P：0．0001),二者单独表达和共表达均与肺癌的分期、血管侵袭、淋巴结转移、微血管密度和预后有关,其中,二者共表达时与分期和微血管密度的相关性更显著;另外,bFGF还与肺癌的分化程度有关。多因素分析结果显示,肺癌的分化程度、血管浸润、淋巴结转移和bFGF的表达可以作为判断肺癌预后的危险因素,但肝素酶不是影响预后的独立因素。结论 肝素酶和bFGF均与肺癌的转移、血管生成和预后密切相关。     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Saccharomyces cerevisiae</Emphasis> Ats1p interacts with Nap1p,a cytoplasmic protein that controls bud morphogenesis

Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATS1 (-tubulin suppressor 1) was originally identified as a high-copy suppressor of class two -tubulin mutations and was proposed to have a regulatory role in coordinating the microtubule state with the cell cycle. Here, we show that Ats1p interacts with Nap1p, a cytoplasmic protein that regulates the activity of the Cdc28p/Clb2p complex. Loss of Nap1p results in a delayed switch from polar to isotropic bud growth. The delayed switch results in elongated buds. Nap1p and Ats1p interact in two-hybrid and co-immunoprecipitation assays. Both nap1 and ats1 cells have a Clb2p-dependent elongated bud morphology. Deletion of ATS1 partially suppresses the elongated bud morphology and benomyl resistance of nap1 mutants. Our results suggest Ats1p might regulate coordination of the microtubule state with the cell cycle through an interaction with Nap1p.Communicated by S. Hohmann     

Integrated medical informatics with small group teaching in medical education

National Taiwan University College of Medicine (NTUCM) introduced small groups of teaching and basic-clinical integrated courses for medical students in 1992. By using computer network and multimedia techniques, this study tried to overcome barriers to learning in small group teaching. The Department of Medical Informatics of NTUCM established campus networking and computer classrooms and provided Internet and intranet network services including mail, netnews, bulletin board systems (BBS), world wide web (WWW), gopher, ftp and local file servers. To implement an interactive learning environment, the authors first tried mail lists, newsgroups and BBS. Next an integrated learning system prototype on the WWW was developed to provide functions including online syllabus, discussion boards simulated to BBS, online talk, interactive case studies, virtual classroom with video on demand (VOD) and Internet medical resources. The results showed that after the medical students completed the required course of medical informatics and had good network access using a network to communicate with each other became a daily practice. In the future, the system will extend to the tutoring of clinical practice and continuing medical education. The authors expect a national medical education network and more international cooperation and exchange.     

A Bcl-2-dependent molecular timer regulates the lifespan and immunogenicity of dendritic cells

The lifespan of antigen-bearing dendritic cells (DCs) is determined by signals from pathogens and T cells. These signals regulate DC survival by modulating expression of Bcl-2 family proteins. Toll-like receptors and T cell costimulatory molecules both trigger a DC survival pathway that is dependent on Bcl-x(L). However, Toll-like receptors uniquely increase expression of Bim and trigger cell death by a pathway that is blocked by Bcl-2. This pathway serves as a molecular 'timer' that sets the lifespan of DCs and regulates the magnitude of T cell responses in vivo. Thus, signals derived from the innate and acquired immune systems control DC lifespan and immunogenicity by distinct molecular mechanisms.     

多发性骨髓瘤患者血清IL-6活性与急性相蛋白浓度的相关性研究

运用敏感的B_9细胞增殖试验检测了81例多发性骨髓瘤(MM)患者血清IL-6活性,同时分析了标本的几种急性相蛋白含量,结果表明,68％MM患者血清中IL-6活性大于5μ/ml(正常对照为5μ/ml以下),几种急性相蛋白中C-反应性蛋白(CRP)在MM时升高(P<0.01),平均达正常对照组的17倍以上,MM患者补体C_4与正常对照组无差异(p>0.05),C_3、白蛋白及转铁蛋白在MM时分别比正常下降24.42％、38.83％和32.80％,且与疾病分期有关,在血清IL-6大于5μ/ml的55例中,IL-6活性与CRP、C_3、白蛋白的相关系数分别为0.46,-0.34和-0.29,IL-6与转铁蛋白浓度相关不明显。本文结果提示:CRP、C_3及白蛋白等含量的变化可作为反映MM病情的简易而敏感的指标。     

A role for hyaluronan in macrophage accumulation and collagen deposition after bleomycin-induced lung injury

Elevated concentrations of hyaluronan (HA) are associated with the accumulation of macrophages in the lung after injury. We have investigated the role of HA in the inflammatory and fibrotic responses to lung injury using the intratracheal instillation of bleomycin in rats as a model. After bleomycin-induced lung injury, both HA content in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and staining for HA in macrophages accumulating in injured areas of the lung were maximal at 4 d. Increased HA in BAL correlated with increased locomotion of isolated alveolar macrophages. HA-binding peptide was able to specifically block macrophage motility in vitro. Importantly, systemic administration of HA-binding peptide to rats before injury not only decreased alveolar macrophage motility and accumulation in the lung, but also reduced lung collagen alpha (I) messenger RNA and hydroxyproline contents. We propose a model in which HA plays a critical role in the inflammatory response and fibrotic consequences of acute lung injury.