临床护理路径在脑梗死患者中的应用

目的探讨临床护理路径在脑梗死患者中的应用效果。方法将200例脑梗死患者按随机数字表法分为传统组与路径组,每组各100例。路径组患者实施临床护理路径,传统组采用常规护理方法。采用美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(national institute of health stroke scale,NIHSS)和Barthel指数(barthel index,BI)评价患者神经功能缺损程度和日常生活活动能力,并比较两组患者住院天数、医疗费用、患者的满意度和治疗效果。结果治疗后,路径组患者BI指数得分较传统组高,住院时间较传统组短,住院费用较传统组低,满意度较传统组高,两组比较,差异具有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论对脑梗死患者实施临床护理路径可提高患者日常生活活动能力和护理质量,从而缩短患者住院时间及降低医疗费用,提高患者满意度。     

实时三维超声评价冠状动脉性心脏病患者左室收缩功能及同步性研究

目的探讨实时三维超声(RT-3DE)评价冠状动脉性心脏病(以下简称冠心病)患者左室收缩功能及同步性的应用价值。方法 61例健康志愿者(正常组)及67例冠心病患者(冠心病组)分别进行实时三维超声和常规超声检查,分析比较各种方法所测左室整体、局部收缩功能参数及同步性参数。结果 RT-3DE与双平面Simpson’s法的相关性高于其与M型超声的相关性。RT-3DE估测左室容积低于常规超声。RT-3DE测量从基底段至心尖段容积呈递减趋势,射血分数呈递增趋势;冠心病组的梗死节段左室整体舒张末期容积和整体收缩末期容积均高于正常组相应节段,各节段射血分数均低于正常组相应节段(均P0.05)。冠心病组左室16节段从QRS波起点到最小收缩容积时间的标准差和最大差值(Tmsv 16-SD、Tmsv 16-Dif),以及用R-R间期校正后的Tmsv 16-SD%、Tmsv 16-Dif%均显著高于正常组,且多支病变患者均高于单支病变(均P0.05)。结论 RT-3DE能更加精准、客观地评价冠心病患者左室收缩功能及同步性。     

胡黄连苷Ⅱ预处理对大鼠离体心脏缺血再灌注的影响

目的探讨胡黄连苷Ⅱ预处理对大鼠离体心脏缺血再灌注的影响。方法健康Wistar大鼠32只,随机分为对照组（control组）、1μmol／L胡黄连苷Ⅱ预处理组（1-P）、10μmol／L胡黄连苷Ⅱ预处理组和大剂量胡黄连苷Ⅱ预处理组（HP）。采用Langendorff离体心脏流灌装置,行缺血30min,再灌注120min,制备心肌缺血再灌注模型。胡黄连苷Ⅱ预处理于缺血前15min分别以含有1μmol／L和10μmol／L的胡黄连苷lIKH液灌注。记录各组心功能指标,测定心肌梗死面积,测定冠脉灌流出液中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、丙二醛（MDA）含量。结果LP组和HP组明显加快心率（HR）、提高左心室发展压（LVDP）和左心室内压最大上升及下降速率（±dp／dt）,缩小心肌梗死范围,提高SOD的活性,降低MDA含量,与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,但HP组较LP组无统计学差异（P〉0．05）。结论胡黄连苷Ⅱ预处理能减轻心肌缺血再灌注损伤,其心肌保护作用机制可能与胡黄连苷Ⅱ提高机体抗氧化应激损伤的能力有关。     

银青口溃含片的薄层色谱鉴别及含量测定

目的:建立银青口溃含片薄层色谱鉴别和含量测定方法.方法:采用TLC法对方中青黛、冰片两味药进行定性鉴别;采用HPLC法对方中金银花的有效成分绿原酸进行含量测定.结果:本品定性鉴别薄层色谱特征明显,专属性强;方法学考察表明,绿原酸进样量在0.043 2 ～0.432 0 μg范围内具有良好的线性关系(r =0.999 9),平均回收率为100.2％(RSD=1.28％,n=6).结论:该法简便、准确、重复性好,可用于银青口溃含片的质量控制.     

Plasmonic probing of the adhesion strength of single microbial cells

Probing the binding between a microbe and surface is critical for understanding biofilm formation processes, developing biosensors, and designing biomaterials, but it remains a challenge. Here, we demonstrate a method to measure the interfacial forces of bacteria attached to the surface. We tracked the intrinsic fluctuations of individual bacterial cells using an interferometric plasmonic imaging technique. Unlike the existing methods, this approach determined the potential energy profile and quantified the adhesion strength of single cells by analyzing the fluctuations. This method provides insights into biofilm formation and can also serve as a promising platform for investigating biological entity/surface interactions, such as pathogenicity, microbial cell capture and detection, and antimicrobial interface screening.

Microorganisms can form biofilms, which are widely distributed and present on biotic and abiotic surfaces in natural, industrial, and medical settings (1–3). Initial bacterial adhesion to surfaces is the most crucial step in biofilm formation. The transition from initial weak, reversible interactions between a bacterium and a surface to irreversible adhesion involves complex physicochemical forces, including specific receptor-ligand forces, nonspecific hydrophobic, and electrostatic forces (4). Understanding and managing bacterial adhesion, especially at single-cell level, is a cross-disciplinary challenge (5, 6).While many methods have been developed for study of bacterial adhesion, most technologies are based on ensemble analysis of a vast population of cells, which washes out heterogeneity and microscopic information of single bacterial cells, and cannot measure the forces driving cell adhesion. Several methods are now available to study bacterial adhesion at the single-cell level (7–9). For example, atomic force microscopy (AFM) measures interfacial forces by mechanically moving one cell with the AFM probe (7, 10). Optical tweezers are another force spectroscopy method with an intense laser field that uses microbeads attached to the cell (11, 12). These methods measure one single cell at one time, thus having limited throughput. Additionally, they exert external forces on the cell and interfere with the intrinsic feature of bacterial adhesion.Here, we aim to probe the interfacial forces by measuring intrinsic fluctuations of bacteria attached to the surface using plasmonic interferometric imaging technique. Unlike AFM or optical tweezers, this method enabled us to perform high-throughput tracking of many single bacterial cells, to determine the potential energy profile for each bacterial cell and obtain the elastic parameters. To probe the tiny vertical fluctuations, we imaged the interferometric pattern of bacterial cells scattering the planar plasmonic wave propagating on the surface. The plasmonic scattering intensity was extremely sensitive to the vertical distance, allowing precise tracking of the fluctuations. From the fluctuation analyses, we obtained the interfacial energy profiles and elasticity of microbial binding, which were essential properties in understanding microbial adhesion. The derived binding constant can be used to quantify bacterial adhesion strength. Thus, the knowledge obtained can help understand biofilm formation and be used in the design of artificial surfaces to minimize or maximize bacterial adhesion.     

Carboxymethylcellulose ammonium-derived nitrogen-doped carbon fiber/molybdenum disulfide hybrids for high-performance supercapacitor electrodes

In this paper, a new type of nitrogen-doped carbon fiber/molybdenum disulfide (N-CFs/MoS₂) hybrid electrode materials are prepared via a certain concentration in solvothermal synthesis followed by a high-temperature carbonization process and using the carboxymethylcellulose ammonium (CMC-NH₄) as a structure-directing agent for MoS₂ nanosheet growth during the solvothermal synthesis process. The addition of CMC-NH₄ effectively prevents the agglomeration of MoS₂ nanosheets to increase the specific surface area. Moreover, it not only serves as a carbon source to provide conductive pathways, but also introduces N atoms to improve the conductivity of the CFs and promote the transfer of electrons and ions. This ultimately increases the conductivity of the electrode materials. Thus, the as-prepared N-CFs/MoS₂ hybrids exhibit excellent electrochemical performance. The specific capacitance is up to 572.6 F g⁻¹ under a current density of 0.75 A g⁻¹ and the specific capacitance retained 98% of the initial capacitance after 5000 cycles of charge–discharge tests at a current density of 2.5 A g⁻¹. Moreover, the hybrids show a maximum energy density of 19.5 W h kg⁻¹ at a power density of 94 W kg⁻¹. Therefore, the as-prepared N-CFs/MoS₂ hybrids with remarkable electrochemical properties, low cost and environment protection show potential for practical application in the development of high-performance electrochemical energy storage devices.

Novel CMC-NH₄-derived nitrogen-doped CFs/MoS₂ hybrid electrode materials are prepared using CMC-NH₄ as a structure-directing agent for MoS₂ nanosheets.     

还原型谷胱甘肽片质量标准提高工作研究

目的:对还原型谷胱甘肽片质量标准进行提高:改进鉴别方法,建立有关物质、溶出度和含量测定的方法。方法:采用反相高效液相色谱法,色谱柱用VenusiL MP C₁₈(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm),流动相为磷酸盐溶液-甲醇(96:4),检测波长210nm。结果:还原型谷胱甘肽在5~1034μg·mL^-1浓度范围内线性关系良好(r=1.0000,n=7),平均回收率为99.0%,RSD=0.6%。结论:标准修订提高后,可更好地用于该制剂的质量控制。     

苦参片质量标准的研究

目的：修订完善苦参片的质量标准。方法：修订现行标准的显微鉴别和薄层鉴别;增订高效液相色谱法测定苦参片中苦参碱和氧化苦参碱的总量。结果：显微鉴别中苦参组织特征均易察见;薄层色谱中斑点清晰,专属性强;苦参碱,氧化苦参碱分别在24.2～4840μg（r=0.9999）、20.8～4160μg（r=0.9999）范围内线性关系良好,平均回收率分别为97.53%（RSD为1.17%）、96.97%（RSD为1.35%）。结论：修订后的标准简便、准确,可用于苦参片的质量控制。     

NAc Shell Arc/Arg3.1 Protein Mediates Reconsolidation of Morphine CPP by Increased GluR1 Cell Surface Expression: Activation of ERK-Coupled CREB is Required

Background:

Relapse into drug abuse evoked by reexposure to the drug-associated context has been a primary problem in the treatment of drug addiction. Disrupting the reconsolidation of drug-related context memory would therefore limit the relapse susceptibility.

Methods:

Morphine conditioned place preference (CPP) was used to assess activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (Arc/Arg3.1) and correlative molecule expression in the Nucleus accumbens (NAc) shell during the reconsolidation of morphine CPP. U0126 and Arc/Arg3.1 antisense oligodeoxynucleotide were adapted to evaluate the role and the underlying mechanism of Arc/Arg3.1 during the reconsolidation.

Results:

The retrieval of morphine CPP in rats specifically increased the Arc/Arg3.1 protein level in the NAc shell, accompanied simultaneously by increases in the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2 (pERK1/2), the phosphorylation of Cyclic Adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) response element-binding (pCREB), and the up-regulation of the membrane α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate (AMPA) receptors GluR1 subunit level. Intra-NAc shell infusion U0126, an inhibitor of the Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK), prevented the retrieval-induced up-regulation of pERK1/2, pCREB, Arc/Arg3.1, and membrane GluR1 immediately after retrieval of morphine CPP. The effect of disrupting the reconsolidation of morphine CPP by U0126 could last for at least 14 days, and could not be evoked by a priming injection of morphine. Furthermore, the specific knockdown of Arc/Arg3.1 in the NAc shell decreased the membrane GluR1 level, and impaired both the reconsolidation and the reinstatement of morphine CPP.

Conclusions:

Arc/Arg3.1 in the NAc shell mediates the reconsolidation of morphine-associated context memory via up-regulating the level of membrane of GluR1, for which the local activation of the ERK-CREB signal pathway, as an upstream mechanism of Arc/Arg3.1, is required.     

A rare asymptomatic metallic intraocular foreign body retained in the anterior chamber for 15 years: A case report

Rationale:Intraocular foreign bodies (IOFBs) are common in ocular injuries, but asymptomatic metallic IOFBs retained in the anterior chamber for years are rare.Patient concerns:A 31-year-old female presented with blurred vision in her right eye after lumbar magnetic resonance imaging. Her best-corrected vision acuity was 0.6 in the right eye and 1.0 in the left eye. Slit-lamp examination revealed a brown granular foreign body in the anterior chamber and pigmentation of the limbus. Lens and retina examination indicated ocular siderosis. Corneal endothelioscopy revealed decreased endothelial cell density. A detailed history showed ocular globe injury 15 years earlier.Diagnoses:Anterior chamber IOFB with ocular siderosis.Interventions:Anterior chamber foreign body removal was performed with appropriate incision and forceps.Outcomes:The anterior chamber IOFB was successfully removed and examined as a magnetic metal foreign body. The best-corrected vision acuity was 1.0 at 1 day postoperatively. An abnormal electroretinogram with a 12% decrease in the “b” wave and a 91% decrease in the “a” wave was observed 3 months postoperatively. There were no intraoperative or postoperative complications during a 3-month follow-up.Lessons:Eye trauma should be examined carefully to exclude IOFBs. Asymptomatic anterior chamber foreign bodies can also cause corneal endothelial injury and ocular siderosis. Careful examination and timely management are needed in such cases.