云芝多糖对脑、肝组织的抗氧化作用研究

目的　探讨中药云芝多糖对脑、肝组织抗氧化作用的影响及机制。方法　以SD大鼠和昆明小鼠为动物模型 ,采用Fe H2 O2 诱导大脑皮层组织和肝组织匀浆的脂氢过氧化反应及黄嘌呤氧化酶体系释放自由基超氧阴离子 (O·2 ) ,以改良的邻苯三酚自氧化法、DNTB直接法测定脑组织抗氧化酶活性及原位杂交法检测脑组织硒谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 (SeG Px)mRNA表达。结果　云芝多糖有提高脑组织超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)、SeGPx和非硒谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 (non SeGPx)抗氧化酶活性 ,增加SeGPxmRNA表达 ,降低脑、肝组织Fe H2 O2 引发的脂氢过氧化反应和黄嘌呤氧化酶体系产生的O·2 。结论　云芝多糖可提高鼠大脑皮层、肝组织的抗氧化作用 ,对开发应用多糖类药物防治神经系统疾病、延缓衰老提供实验依据     

痛风性关节炎的发生与尿酸盐结晶沉积

高尿酸血症（Hypeurricemia）是痛风性关节炎的重要生化基础,但高尿酸血症者只有10%左右发展为痛风,其原因至今不明。关于痛风的研究虽有不少报道,但迄今对关节腔中尿酸盐沉积的机理尚不清楚。本文从痛风性关节炎发病机制及诱因来分析,探讨影响关节腔中尿酸盐结晶形成和沉积的因素,并提出自己的想法。     

蛋白酪氨酸激酶抑制剂对脑血管平滑肌细胞Ca~(2+)池操纵性Ca~(2+)内流的影响

目的　研究蛋白酪氨酸激酶和蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶抑制剂对牛脑血管平滑肌细胞 (CSMC)Ca2 + 池操纵性Ca2 + 内流的影响。方法　采用培养的CSMC ,在生物荧光双波长影像分析系统用Fura 2 /Am荧光探针测定单个细胞内游离Ca2 + 浓度。结果　 (1)蛋白酪氨酸激酶抑制剂 (genistein ,2 5 ,5 ,10 μmol·L-1)能浓度依赖性降低内皮素 1(ET 1,10 -7mol·L-1)刺激引起的CSMCCa2 + 内流 ,抑制率分别为5 6%± 2 .9%、2 5 6%± 3 9%、48 9%± 3 7% ;蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶抑制剂 (vanadate ,2 ,4,8μmol·L-1)能浓度依赖性升高CPA刺激引起的CSMCCa2 + 内流 ,增加比率分别为8 2 %± 3 9%、18 8%± 4 9%、46 6%± 6 9% ;(2 ) genistein(2 5 ,5 ,10 μmol·L-1)能浓度依赖性降低ATP(10 μmol·L-1)刺激引起的CSMCCa2 + 内流 ,抑制率分别为 6 7%±2 6%、2 4 6%± 6 5 %、5 1 3 %± 6 9% ;vanadate (2 ,4,8μmol·L-1)能浓度依赖性升高ATP刺激引起的CSMCCa2 +内流 ,增加比率分别为 4 8%± 2 0 %、2 8 5 %± 4 6%、49 6%± 3 3 % ;(3 ) genistein (2 5 ,5 ,10 μmol·L-1)能浓度依赖性降低环匹阿尼酸 (Cyclopiazonicacid ,CPA ,10 μmol·L-1)刺激引起的CSMCCa2 + 内流 ,抑制率分别为 6 5 %± 3 0 %、2 2 5 %± 5 2 %、     

创新课程药动学-药效学模型实验教学实践

作为药动学扩展的创新课程,首次在药学本科学员中开展药动学-药效学模型实验.选用氟比洛芬作为模型药物,HPLC法测定口服给药后家兔的血药浓度.采用内毒素发热家兔模型,考察氟比洛芬的药动学和药效学参数.与传统药物动力学实验相比,药动学-药效学模型实验是培养学生实践能力和创新能力的实验教学新模式.     

HPLC法测定利巴韦林血药浓度

本文以水为流动相，应用ＲＰ－ＨＰＬＣ法测定了人血清中利巴韦林浓度。该法简便易行，最低检出限０．０２μｇ／ｍｌ，线性范围为０．０３－１．５μｇ／ｍｌ，并用该法对８名健康志愿者口服单次剂量利巴韦林胶囊的药代动力学进行了研究。     

泼尼松龙葡聚糖前体药物的结肠定位转释机制研究

目的　探讨泼尼松龙葡聚糖前体药物的结肠定位释放机制。方法　将前体药物分别与不同pH值缓冲液、含葡聚糖酶的缓冲液及含大肠杆菌的培养基于 37℃水浴中一起孵育 ,采用HPLC法测定前体药物释放泼尼松龙的情况。结果　前体药物在接近胃肠道下部pH值的缓冲液中 ,活性药物释放量多 ;葡聚糖酶及大肠杆菌均能明显促进活性药物的释放。结论　泼尼松龙葡聚糖前体药物的结肠定位转释作用可能是前体药物到达结肠时 ,在其特殊 pH环境、微生物及其分泌的酶的共同作用下释放出活性药物     

Circulating T helper 9 cells and increased serum interleukin‐9 levels in patients with knee osteoarthritis

The purpose of this study was to examine the roles of T helper 9 (Th9) cells and the serum interleukin (IL)‐9 level in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA). The numbers of IL‐9⁺ CD4⁺ CD8^? T cells, interferon (IFN)‐γ+ CD4⁺ CD8^? T cells, IL‐4⁺ CD4⁺ CD8^? T cells, and IL‐17A⁺ CD4⁺ CD8^? T cells in 25 OA patients and 13 healthy controls (HC) were examined by flow cytometry. The serum concentrations of IL‐9, IL‐4, IL‐17A, and IFN‐γ were also determined. The numbers of CD4⁺CD45RO⁺ T cells, Th9 cells, Th1 cells, and Th17 cells in OA patients were significantly higher than those in HCs. Furthermore, serum IL‐9, IL‐17A, and IFN‐γ levels in OA patients were higher than those in HCs. The number of Th9 cells was positively correlated with the number of Th17 cells in OA patients. Furthermore, greater numbers of Th9 cells were positively associated with elevated C‐reactive protein, and both Th9 cells and IL‐9 levels were positively correlated with the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis index in OA patients. Th9 cell numbers and IL‐9 levels are correlated with OA patient symptoms and joint functionality and may be a marker of disease activity.     

注射用帕米膦酸二钠致肌肉疼痛

1例75岁男性患者,因治疗前列腺癌骨转移,静脉滴注帕米膦酸二钠60mg+0.9%氯化钠注射液500mL。14d后出现左上臂肌肉疼痛,逐渐发展至右上臂、胸部肌肉疼痛,同时两手手指发僵。考虑帕米膦酸二钠致肌肉疼痛,遂给予口服萘汀美酮每次0.5g,每日2次,持续10d,肌肉疼痛症状缓解并逐渐消失。     

超高效液相串联质谱法同时测定保健食品中10种水溶性维生素

目的：建立超高效液相色谱-串联质谱检测方法同时测定保健食品中10种水溶性维生素。方法：样品经过前处理后,采用Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3（2.1×100 mm,1.8μm）色谱柱分离;以0.1%甲酸的甲醇溶液和0.1%甲酸的水溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,通过电喷雾离子源多反应监测（MRM）模式进行检测。结果：10种水溶性维生素在6 min内完成分离,线性关系良好（r≥0.997）,方法检出限在5~250μg·kg^-1之间。3个添加水平的回收率和相对标准偏差RSD（n=6）分别为85.9%~109.5%和1.09%~0.79%。结论：该方法简便、快速、准确、灵敏,适用于保健食品中水溶性维生素的测定。     

Dry powder inhalations containing thymopentin and its immunomodulating effects in Wistar rats

Thymopentin (TP5), a synthetic pentapeptide, has been used in clinic as a modulator for immunodeficiences through intramuscular administration. The purpose of this study was to design and evaluate dry powder inhalations (DPIs) for pulmonary delivery of TP5. Dry powder inhalations containing leucine (a dispersibility enhancer), mannitol, and lactose (bulking agents) were prepared by spray-drying from aqueous formulations. The formulation components on the aerosolisation characteristics of spray-dried powders were investigated through the use of various amount of leucine, lactose and mannitol. Following spray-drying, resultant powders were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, laser diffraction and tapped density measurements, and the aerosolisation performance was determined using Twin Stage Impinger. The immunosuppression Wistar rats model was constructed to evaluate the immunomodulating effects of TP5 DPIs in vivo. The results of T-lymphocyte subsets (CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD4+/CD8+ ratio) analyses suggest that TP5 DPIs have modulating effects. On an overall evaluation, TP5 pulmonary delivery DPIs may be feasible for the future clinical application.