缺氧条件下白花丹醌对肝癌HepG2细胞增殖、凋亡与侵袭及HIF-1α表达的影响

目的 研究白花丹醌在缺氧条件下对人肝癌细胞HepG2增殖、凋亡、侵袭和低氧诱导因子1α(hypoxia induced factor1α，HIF-1α)及其下游基因表达的影响。方法 采用二氯化钴(CoCl₂)化学诱导法建立HepG2细胞体外缺氧模型，经不同浓度(2，4，8 μmol·L^–1)白花丹醌处理24 h后，MTT、平板克隆形成试验观察HepG2细胞增殖水平变化；使用Annexin V/PI双染流式细胞术检测HepG2细胞凋亡情况；使用Transwell试验观察HepG2细胞侵袭能力的变化；使用qRT-PCR检测HepG2细胞内HIF-1A mRNA转录水平变化；使用Western blotting检测细胞内HIF-1α及其下游基因c-Myc、VEGFA、MMP9和TWIST1的蛋白表达水平。结果 当CoCl₂处理浓度为150 μmol·L^–1时，HepG2细胞增殖水平未见显著变化，而HIF-1α蛋白表达水平显著升高(P<0.01)，提示体外缺氧模型建立成功。与常氧对照组相比，MTT、平板克隆形成试验结果显示不同浓度白花丹醌作用HepG2细胞后，其增殖水平受到显著抑制(P<0.05或P<0.01)； Transwell试验结果显示白花丹醌可显著抑制HepG2细胞侵袭(P<0.05或P<0.01)；流式细胞术结果表明白花丹醌能显著诱导HepG2细胞凋亡(P<0.05或P<0.01)；Western blotting及qRT-PCR检测结果显示，白花丹醌能显著下调HIF-1α蛋白及HIF-1A mRNA表达水平(P<0.05或P<0.01)。Western blotting检测结果显示HIF-1α及其下游基因c-Myc、VEGFA、MMP9和TWIST1的蛋白表达水平均显著下调(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论 CoCl₂体外模拟肝癌HepG2细胞缺氧的适宜浓度为150 μmol·L^–1；在缺氧条件下，白花丹醌可显著抑制肝癌HepG2细胞的增殖与侵袭，同时诱导细胞凋亡，其作用机制可能与下调HIF-1α蛋白及其下游靶基因蛋白表达有关。     

Trend of non-communicable disease mortality for three common conditions in the elderly population from 2002 to 2010: A population-based study in China

ObjectiveThere is a lack of data focusing on non-communicable disease (NCD) mortality in the Chinese elderly population over the past decade.MethodsUsing mortality data from the Chinese Health Statistics, we explored the crude and age-standardized mortality trend of three major NCDs in the Chinese population ≥65 years of age from 2002 to 2010, namely, malignant neoplasms, heart diseases, and cerebrovascular diseases. Subpopulations characterized as rural and urban residence, and by gender and age were examined separately.ResultsMortality increased with age and was higher among males than among females across the three NCDs, with the gender difference being most remarkable for malignant neoplasms and least for heart diseases mortality. Condition-specific crude mortalities increased between 2002 and 2010, overall and in all the pre-specified subpopulations. After age-standardization, rising trends were observed for people ≥65 years old, and condition-specific mortalities generally increased in rural regions and decreased in urban regions, especially for cerebrovascular diseases.ConclusionsThere were increasing trends for mortality due to malignant neoplasms, heart diseases, and cerebrovascular diseases in China between 2002 and 2010, which were largely driven by the population aging. Disparities existed by rural and urban residence, gender, and age.     

学生标准化病人在内科护理学客观结构化临床考试中的应用

目的了解内科护理学客观结构化临床考试（OSCE）中学生标准化病人（SSP）的模拟水平，分析SSP在模拟病人方面存在的问题，从而为进一步改进SSP提供依据。方法自行设计问卷，以我院参加内科护理学出科考试的74名学生作为调查对象，评价SSP的模拟水平。结果学生对SSP模拟病人逼真程度评价总分为（15．69±1．951）分，其中SPP能自然地回答学生提出的问题评价评价得分为（3．24±0．463）分。所有学生均认为运用SSP考核学生的临床能力是有效的，97％学生认为与传统考试模式相比标准化病人考核模式更能真实地反映学生的临床实际水平。结论培训护理专业学生为sP用于内科护理学OSCE考试可行性好，但需要进一步采取措施提高SSP模拟体征的逼真程度及各站SSP表演的协调一致性程度。     

Increase of toll-like receptor 4 but decrease of interleukin-8 mRNA expression among ischemic stroke patients under aspirin treatment

ObjectivesToll-like receptors (TLRs) are molecules conserved in evolution for detecting pathogen invasions and tissue damage and are involved in atherogenesis. This study explores the mRNA expression of TLRs and their probable role in further disease occurrence among ischemic stroke patients.Design and MethodsA total of 89 ischemic stroke patients and 166 controls were recruited for this study. Total RNA was extracted and mRNA was reverse-transcribed to cDNA and was analyzed for TLRs and interleukin 8 (IL8).ResultsThe TLR4 mRNA expression level is significantly higher in the stroke group. Conversely, IL-8 mRNA levels decreased significantly in the patient group.ConclusionOur results suggest that TLR4 overexpression in mRNA levels is observed in stroke patients, which might account for the probable inflammatory injury before or after stroke. A reduction of IL-8 expression could result from the downregulatory effects of aspirin.     

Analysis of IgG subclass antibodies and expression of T-Cell receptor signaling molecules in anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody treated mice with autoimmune cardiomyopathy

T-cell immune abnormality in patients of dilated cardiomyopathy has been intensively studied over the past 10 years. In this study, we aim to focus on the molecular mechanism of T-cells in autoimmune cardiomyopathy mouse model by detecting the expression of three T-cell signaling molecules. Balb/C mice (n = 12) were immunized with the peptides derived from human ADP/ATP carrier on the 1st, 14th, 28th, 49th and 79th days, and half of them were also injected with anti-L3T4 McAb on the ? 1st, 0 and 1st days. The sham-immunized mice were taken as the controls (n = 6). The main result shows that the antibody response of IgG subclasses such as IgG1, IgG2b and IgG3 were definitely blocked except IgG2a in CD4⁺ cell-depleted Balb/C mice. In addition, the average mRNA expression of p56lck, p59fyn and zap-70 were all found to be dramatically higher in the mice immunized with only ADP/ATP carrier peptides than in the control-group. At meantime, reduced levels of the protein kinases p56lck, p59fyn and zap-70 were clearly observed in anti-CD4 McAb immunized group compared with DCM group. We propose that the proliferation of T-cells was significantly inhibited in anti-CD4 treated mice and CD4⁺ T-cells may play a critical role in ADP/ATP carrier caused mouse DCM.     

血清CAl9-9对诊断和治疗胆胰系统疾病的临床意义

在胆胰系统疾病中，血清CAl9—9是常规的检测指标之一，其数值的高低，对胆胰系统疾病的诊断、治疗及预后有重要的指导意义。随着医学技术的不断发展与进步，学者们对于血清CAl9—9的认识日趋成熟。胆胰系统良恶性疾病可以通过血清CAl9—9的数值变化得到鉴别，在胆胰系统恶性肿瘤疾病中，血清CAl9—9有较高的敏感度。血清CAl9-9水平可作为肿瘤可切除性，以及患者预后的生存时间和生命质量的独立评估因素。本文阐述了血清CAl9—9在胆胰系统疾病中的诊断、治疗及预后评估中的重要作用。     

青少年热线咨询中反移情现象和影响因素

青少年是热线咨询的一个主要群体，热线咨询有其情境特殊性，会经常唤起咨询师的内在冲突，产生反移情现象，文章从热线的未知性、沉默的处理、青少年的特点、咨询师自身的特点等几个影响因素探讨了这一现象；最后，进行了总结并提出未来的展望。     

现实主义综述在护理领域的应用进展

介绍现实主义综述的定义、哲学基础和实施步骤，以及该方法学在护理领域的研究范围、应用现状及优势和不足，旨在提高护理研究者对现实主义综述的认识，为开展现实主义的护理相关研究提供思路。     

骨形成蛋白-2、成纤维细胞生长因子-2对大鼠触须毛乳头细胞增殖和毛发诱导能力的影响

目的探讨骨形成蛋白-2(BMP-2),成纤维细胞生长因子-2(FGF-2)单独及联合作用对毛乳头细胞增殖和毛发诱导能力的影响。方法采用显微机械法分离大鼠触须毛乳头并培养,行免疫荧光鉴定。CCK-8法检测毛乳头细胞的增殖活性。毛发诱导能力通过检测碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性确定。采用ELISA法检测胰岛素样生长因子-1(IGF-1)的含量。结果毛乳头细胞的ALP免疫荧光染色阳性,确定培养的细胞是毛乳头细胞。BMP-2对毛乳头细胞增殖无影响,但可提高毛乳头细胞的ALP活性并呈剂量依赖性。FGF-2促进毛乳头细胞增殖,但会降低毛乳头细胞的ALP活性并呈剂量依赖性。联合BMP-2和FGF-2既可以促进毛乳头细胞的增殖,又可以增强ALP活性,并呈时间依赖性。BMP-2可上调毛乳头细胞培养上清液中IGF-1的含量,并呈剂量依赖性。结论 BMP-2可能通过促进毛乳头细胞分泌IGF-1以保持毛乳头细胞的毛发诱导能力,按适当浓度比例联合BMP-2和FGF-2可形成互补作用,既促进毛乳头细胞的增殖,又可以保持其毛发诱导能力。