某院儿科住院患者盐酸氨溴索注射液使用分析

摘 要 目的:调查某院儿科住院患者盐酸氨溴索注射液（AHI）的使用情况,为促进临床合理用药提供参考。方法：回顾性随机抽查某院2014年1～6月191例使用了AHI的儿科住院患者住院病历,对用药适应证、用法用量等进行统计并分析。结果：AHI在191例病历中,用药适应证合理率为99.48%,但在给药途径、用法用量上均存在超说明书情况。结论：临床在儿科患者中使用AHI存在诸多超说明书用药的情况,应加强其规范使用的管理。     

Valorization of papaya fruit waste through low-cost fractionation and microbial conversion of both juice and seed lipids

Papaya (Carica papaya) is widely cultivated in many tropical regions of the world. With an estimated 30–50% cull rate, there is a large amount of off-grade papaya produced. Here, we report very low-cost processing of culled papaya fruit waste, without needing any complex mechanized operations, to yield several products, including seed oil, sugar-rich puree, detoxified/defatted seed meal, and crude myrosinase and glucosinolates with antimicrobial and biofumigation applications. We then demonstrated that both puree and seed oil can serve as effective carbon substrates for cultivation of the oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica to produce single-cell proteins and high-value recombinant protein products. To use papaya seed oil for culturing Y. lipolytica, the concentration of the inhibitory substance benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) in the oil needs to be minimized. If the culled fruits (and hence seeds) were stored frozen prior to drying, a very high level (>30 mM) of BITC was detected in the oil extracted from the dried seeds. However, if the seeds were not frozen prior to drying, oil from dried papaya seeds contained almost no BITC, and could support vigorous growth of Y. lipolytica, with efficient production of a functional nanobody fusion protein at a level similar to that achieved using olive oil. By using both juice and seed lipid, rather than juice alone, Y. lipolytica biomass produced per unit papaya more than doubled. As Y. lipolytica is amenable to genetic manipulation, and is known as a proficient cell factory with many industrial applications, the papaya waste valorization technology could potentially be extended to produce additional useful products such as biofuel and oleochemicals from Y. lipolytica.

Seed oil from papaya waste was validated as a novel carbon substrate for Yarrowia lipolytica to produce high-value products.     

A facile and highly sensitive resonance Rayleigh scattering-energy transfer method for urea using a fullerene probe

Under ultrasound conditions, a deep yellow fullerene (C₆₀) colloid was prepared, which exhibits two resonance Rayleigh scattering peaks at 385 nm and 530 nm. Urea was reacted with dimethylglyoxime (DMG) to produce 4,5-dimethyl-2-imidazole ketone (DIK), in the presence of stabilizer thiosemicarbazone (TSC). Resonance Rayleigh scattering energy transfer (RRS-ET) was shown to occur between the donor fullerene and acceptor DIK due to an overlap of the DIK absorption and fullerene RRS peaks. Upon an increase in the urea concentration, the RRS-ET was enhanced and the RRS intensity decreased. The decreased RRS intensity was linear to the urea concentration in the range of 6.66–333.00 nmoL L⁻¹, with a detection limit of 2.0 nmoL L⁻¹. Accordingly, a new and simple RRS-ET method was established for detecting trace levels of urea in foods, with satisfactory results.

Under ultrasound conditions, a deep yellow fullerene (C₆₀) colloid was prepared, which exhibits two resonance Rayleigh scattering peaks at 385 nm and 530 nm.     

甘草酸二铵注射液对重症暴发性病毒性心肌炎患儿炎症因子、CK-MB、肌钙蛋白的影响及其治疗效果

目的探讨甘草酸二铵注射液对重症暴发性病毒性心肌炎患儿炎症因子、心肌酶谱(CK-MB)和肌钙蛋白的影响及其治疗效果。方法选择2012年1月~2014年5月广东省妇幼保健院收治的76例小儿重症暴发性病毒性心肌炎患者为研究对象,采用数字表法随机分为观察组和对照组,每组各38例,所有患者均给予基础治疗,观察组在基础治疗的基础上给予甘草酸二铵注射液静脉滴注,对照组给予地塞米松静脉滴注,观察2组炎症因子、心肌酶谱、肌钙蛋白水平及临床疗效。结果观察组治疗有效率、心电图恢复有效率(89.47%、92.11%)均明显高于对照组(68.42%、73.68%)(P<0.05);治疗后2组白介素6(interleukin-6,IL-6)、白介素8(interleukin-8,IL-8)、肿瘤坏死因子α(tumor necrosis factorα,TNF-α)、肌酸激酶(creatine kinase-MB)、心肌肌钙蛋白I(cardiac troponin I,c Tn I)心肌肌钙蛋白T(cardiac troponin T,c Tn T)水平显著降低,且观察组的IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α、CK-MB、c Tn I、c Tn T水平均显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论甘草酸二铵注射液能够降低重症暴发性病毒性心肌炎患儿IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α、心肌酶、肌钙蛋白水平,提高治疗效果。     

Prediction of 1H NMR chemical shifts for ionic liquids: strategy and application of a relative reference standard

The computational predictions of ¹H NMR chemical shifts for ionic liquids were investigated. To calculate the chemical shifts more accurately, the approach of relative reference standard (RRS) was proposed. This straightforward computational technique uses organic compounds and ionic liquids that are similar to the studied ionic liquids as standards. The calculated chemical shifts of single ion pairs were strongly influenced by the anion type and the local environment. Using the RRS methodology, the calculated results agreed well with the experimental chemical shifts due to the cancellation of errors caused by the anion. Ionic clusters consisting of 4 ion pairs were also employed to model the ionic liquids with strongly coordinating anions. Large clusters slightly improve the accuracy by reducing systematic errors. Although the experimental ¹H NMR data of the reference ionic liquid should be used, the RRS methodology has been shown to predict ¹H NMR chemical shifts efficiently at different levels of theory.

Using an RRS method to calculate the ¹H NMR chemical shifts of ionic liquid agreed well with the experimental value.     

保妇康栓治疗宫颈炎合并HPV感染的临床分析

目的 观察保妇康栓治疗宫颈炎合并人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)感染的临床效果.方法 对我院2012年1月至2014年2月门诊治疗的30例宫颈炎合并人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)感染的患者展开临床治疗的研究,根据阴道用药方式的不同将其分为治疗组和对照组,治疗组行保妇康栓阴道给药治疗,对照组行干扰素栓阴道给药治疗;分析两组患者的临床治疗效果.结果 治疗组患者治疗总有效率达93.3％优于对照组的73.3％;复发率为6.7％低于对照组的33.3％,组间比较x2=14.10、21.01;治疗后两组患者间的HPV检测RLU/CO值比较t=2.08;差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 保妇康栓对宫颈炎合并HPV感染的治疗具有明显的临床效果,有效降低复发率.     

独立学院中医学专业人才培养模式的改革与实践

独立学院作为现代高等教育的重要组成形式之一,随着其建设与发展,优化教学资源配置、强化教学管理、提升人才培养质量,已成为亟待思考与解决的问题。结合南京中医药大学翰林学院中医学专业的人才培养实践,提出了构建优化独立学院中医学专业人才培养模式的具体工作路径。     

司来吉兰联合左旋多巴治疗帕金森病的Meta分析

目的 系统评价司来吉兰联用左旋多巴治疗帕金森病(Parkinson’s disease,PD)的有效性与安全性。方法 检索英文数据库：Cochrane library、PubMed和中文数据库：CNKI、WanFang、VIP,检索时间从建库至2014年11月,收集司来吉兰联用左旋多巴治疗PD的随机对照试验。由2名研究者严格按照纳入与排除标准独立筛选文献、提取资料并评价质量后,使用RevMan5.3软件进行Meta分析。结果 最终纳入5个随机对照试验,共计1 158例PD患者。Meta分析结果显示：司来吉兰联合左旋多巴在改善帕金森病综合评分量表(unified Parkinson’s disease rating scale,UPDRS)总评分、UPDRS运动评分、Webster评分方面优于单用左旋多巴,且有显著性差异[UPDRS总评分：MD=-5.29,95%CI(-7.65,-2.94),P<0.000 1;UPDRS运动评分：MD=-3.57,95%CI(-5.32,-1.82),P<0.000 1;Webster评分：MD=-4.99,95%CI(-7.15,-2.83),P<0.000 01];在死亡率、不良反应发生率方面相当,其差异无统计学意义[死亡率：OR=1.23,95%CI(0.89,1.69),P=0.22;不良反应：OR=1.10,95%CI(0.77,1.57),P=0.60]。 结论 本研究结果表明,司来吉兰联用左旋多巴治疗PD,可显著改善UPDRS总评分、UPDRS运动评分和Webster评分,且安全可靠。     

坎地沙坦酯片的制备及初步稳定性研究

目的:制备坎地沙坦酯片并优化处方,并对其进行初步稳定性考察。方法:采用Box-Behnken试验设计,以填充剂配比(X1)、崩解剂(X2,%)和润滑剂(X3,%)用量为影响因素,以片重差异(Y1,%)、脆碎度(Y2,%)、崩解时限(Y3,min)、坎地沙坦酯溶出度(Y4,%)为片剂考察指标,得到最优处方;采用f2相似因子法评价自制制剂和参比制剂在溶出介质中的体外溶出行为。通过高温、高湿、光照试验初步考察制剂稳定性。结果:坎地沙坦酯片的最优处方组成为:填充剂一水乳糖与预交化淀粉比例为7∶1、崩解剂交联羧甲基纤维素钠占片重为5.5%,润滑剂硬脂酸镁占片重为0.5%。自制片剂和参比制剂在4种溶出介质中的累积溶出度相似因子f2分别为60.62,73.34,66.95,68.60。结论:制备的坎地沙坦酯片各项指标均符合规定,工艺稳定可靠。     

甲氧氯普胺口崩片的制备及体外溶出度考察

摘 要 目的： 制备甲氧氯普胺口崩片并优化处方,并对其体外溶出度进行考察。方法: 采用全因子试验设计,以填充剂配比（X₁）、崩解剂（X₂,%）用量为影响因素,以脆碎度（Y₁,%）、崩解时限（Y₂,s）、甲氧氯普胺在15 min的溶出度（Y₃,%）为片剂考察指标优化处方;并考察其在4种溶出介质中的溶出行为。结果: 甲氧氯普胺口崩片的最优处方组成为：填充剂甘露醇与微晶纤维素比例为2.5∶1、崩解剂占片重为6.5%。甲氧氯普胺口崩片在4种溶出介质中累积溶出度均大于80%。结论:甲氧氯普胺口崩片处方设计合理,制备工艺可行,质量可控。