Approaches to anti-aging intervention: the promises and the uncertainties

Humans have long sought the elixir to long life. Today, although advances in our understanding of the aging process have given gerontologists new insights in potential anti-aging interventions, public demand for these interventions is outpacing our current knowledge. My presentation begins with a brief historical background that outlines some of the past and present approaches to anti-aging interventions. Using the dietary restriction paradigm as a prototype, discussions center on a three-pathway model that provides the bases to design effective interventions: (1) retardation of biological aging, (2) suppression of age-related disease, and (3) modulation of cross talk between (1) and (2). One other concept useful for discussion in relation to interventions is the enhancement of an organism's resistance to deter vulnerability to aging and disease. These models are best used to explain the efficacy of currently popular interventions such as antioxidant supplementation and hormone therapies. This presentation further highlights the promises that antioxidant supplements hold in warding off oxidative damage as well as their inherent problems and biological limitations. Also discussed here are the promises and uncertainties of anti-aging interventions by genetic manipulation, as seen in animal model studies, and prophylactic treatments targeted against disease, such as hormonal approaches using estrogen and DHEA, as well as other intervening measures.     

电热手术刀在妇产科手术中的应用

目的：观察新型电热手术刀在妇产科手术中的应用效果。方法：对６５ 例需手术的妇产科病人,用新型电热手术刀做手术,与同期用普通手术刀（２５ 例） 和高频电刀（２０ 例） 做手术进行比较。结果：电热手术刀可在锋利切割组织的同时快速止血,止血作用类似于高频电刀;和普通手术刀相比,电热手术刀能明显减少出血量,加快手术速度,且无脂肪液化,无刀片粘连,切口愈合良好,热损伤轻微。结论：电热手术刀结合了普通手术刀和高频电刀的优点,适合在妇产科手术中推广使用。     

反复呼吸道感染患儿口含干扰素片后T细胞亚群与sIL-2R的变化

目的：了解口含干扰素片治疗儿童反复呼吸道感染（ＲＲＩ）的效果。方法：检测了口含干扰素和常规治疗组ＲＲＩ患儿在治疗前后Ｔ淋巴细胞亚群和血清ｓＩＬ２Ｒ水平,并与正常健康儿童对照。结果：口含干扰素片治疗后患儿ＣＤ３、ＣＤ４、ＣＤ４／ＣＤ８均显著升高,ＣＤ８水平和血清ｓＩＬ２Ｒ水平显著降低,ＣＤ４、ＣＤ８、ｓＩＬ２Ｒ水平与正常对照组相比均无明显差异,经常规治疗的患儿仅ＣＤ４、ＣＤ４／ＣＤ８显著升高,ＣＤ３、ＣＤ８水平和血清ｓＩＬ２Ｒ水平在治疗前后均无显著差异,与正常对照组相比,除ＣＤ４外其余各项指标均差异显著,且口含干扰素片治疗后患儿ＣＤ３、ＣＤ４／ＣＤ８显著高于常规治疗的患儿（Ｐ＜０．００１）,而ＣＤ８、ｓＩＬ２Ｒ水平则显著低于常规治疗组（Ｐ＜０．００１）。结论：口含干扰素片治疗后患儿的细胞免疫状态优于常规治疗的患儿。     

支气管哮喘患者肺泡巨噬细胞释放内皮素-1的研究

为研究支气管哮喘患者肺泡巨噬细胞（Ａｍ）所释放的内皮素１（ＥＴ１）在哮喘发病中的作用,对发作期哮喘患者２０例,对照组８例,经纤支镜行支气管肺泡灌洗术获得Ａｍ,调整Ａｍ至１×１０６／ｍｌ后分３孔体外培养（１ｍｌ／孔）;生理盐水对照孔、氟美松孔（１μｇ／ｍｌ）、氨茶碱孔（１５μｇ／ｍｌ）,培养６ｈ后取上清液,采用放免法测定ＥＴ１。显示哮喘组血浆ＥＴ１明显高于对照组,并于第１秒用力肺活量（ＦＥＶ１．０）呈显著负相关。哮喘组Ａｍ体外释放ＥＴ１与对照组无显著差异,与ＦＥＶ１．０无相关性。氟美松孔Ａｍ释放ＥＴ１明显低于生理盐水对照孔;氨茶碱孔与生理盐水孔或氟美松孔无差异。提示哮喘Ａｍ所释放ＥＴ１在哮喘发病中意义不大     

河豚毒素对小鼠镇痛作用的实验研究

为探讨河豚毒素（ＴＴＸ）镇痛作用与剂量的效应关系,应用化学刺激和热刺激法研究了ＴＴＸ对小鼠的镇痛作用。结果表明,腹腔注射ＴＴＸ０．５、１、２μｇ／ｋｇ,小鼠扭体抑制率分别为２９．５７％、４３．４７％和７６．１２％;在小鼠甩尾试验中,ＴＴＸ１μｇ／ｋｇ腹腔给药后３０～６０ｍｉｎ镇痛作用明显,与对照组比较,Ｐ＜０．０１;２ｇ／ｋｇ剂量组给药后１５ｍｉｎ痛阈达高峰,９０ｍｉｎ内镇痛作用显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）,２ｈ内痛阈仍高于对照组;小鼠热板试验也显示随剂量增加镇痛作用加强,但总体敏感性较差,提示ＴＴＸ确有镇痛作用并有剂量－效应关系。     

T管造影合并胰管显影的临床意义

本文通过对１７年间行“Ｔ”管造影的１６８７例患者的系统性回顾分析,发现有２７６例患者胰管同时显影,其中６９例具有胰腺炎病史,达２５％,而无胰管显影的１０２９例患者中有１３３例具有胰腺炎病史,达１２．９％;二者间具有显著性差异。在胰管显影的病例中,发生过胰腺炎的患者其胆胰汇合角度显著高于未发生过胰腺炎患者的胆胰汇合角度（Ｐ〈０．００１）。作者认为：“Ｔ”管造发生胰管同时显影的病例可有与壶腹隔膜功能陷     

端头修饰PEO有序膜的制备及其微摩擦性能的初步研究

以对氨基苯磺酸修饰聚乙二醇端头,制备兼具刚性与极性端头的聚合物,考察其制备ＬＢ膜与自组装膜的条件,用原子力／摩擦力显微镜表征自组装膜的表面形貌,对其微摩擦性能进行初步的探讨。     

KD306型耐硫甲烷化催化剂有效扩散系数的测定

基于开发的计算机取样系统,采用ＳＰＳＲ法脉冲动态测试ＫＤ３０６型耐硫甲烷化催化剂的有效扩散系数。线性化和参数估值的结果吻合较好,证实：线性化简化是合理的,参数估值是可用于有效扩散系数。ＫＤ３０６型耐硫甲烷化催化剂的曲折因子为７．２。     

Clonal growth of human acute leukemia cells in serum-free methylcellulose medium

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