Comparison of deltaFVC between patients with allergic rhinitis with airway hypersensitivity and patients with mild asthma.

BACKGROUND: In asthmatic individuals, airway sensitivity and maximal airway response are increased. Airway sensitivity is usually evaluated by measuring the provocation concentration of inhaled methacholine or histamine that causes a decrease in forced expiratory volume in 1 second of 20% (PC20). The percentage decrease in forced vital capacity at the PC20 (deltaFVC) has been proposed as a surrogate marker for maximal airway response. Individuals with allergic rhinitis and no clinical evidence of asthma frequently exhibit airway hypersensitivity. OBJECTIVE: To compare the deltaFVC between patients with allergic rhinitis and mild asthmatic patients with a similar degree of airway hypersensitivity. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of methacholine challenge test data from 72 children with allergic rhinitis and airway hypersensitivity (methacholine PC20 < 16 mg/mL) (rhinitis group) and from 72 children with mild atopic asthma matched to the rhinitis group regarding the methacholine PC20 (asthma group). The deltaFVC was calculated on the concentration-response curve to methacholine. RESULTS: The mean +/- SD deltaFVC was significantly lower in the rhinitis group (15.0% +/- 3.6%) vs the asthma group (17.4% +/- 5.3%) (P = .002). There was no significant correlation between the deltaFVC and PC20 in the rhinitis (r = -0.101; P = .41) and asthma (r = -0.023; P = .85) groups when 2 patients with PC20 less than 1 mg/mL were excluded from each group. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with allergic rhinitis and airway hypersensitivity had a significantly lower deltaFVC than methacholine PC20-matched mild asthmatic patients, suggesting that the level of maximal airway response in patients with allergic rhinitis is lower than that in mild asthmatic patients with a similar degree of airway hypersensitivity.     

致癌物分子结构识别中的一种特征提取方法

本文论述基于拓扑参数的致癌物分子结构识别中的一种特征参数－－特征片段的提取方法；对一组活性已知的分子训练集，将其分子结构用ＫＬＮ编码法进行编码并输入计算机，在三个约束条件下用深度第一法对各分子进行结构分解，生成片段文件，并汇总成片段总库，然后用统计检验和聚类分析提取和优化特征片段，从而为识别模型提供合理有效的特征参数。     

粉尘螨主要变应原Derf1基因的改造与可溶性表达

目的在大肠杆菌中提高粉尘螨1类变应原（Derf1）的可溶性表达。方法用RT-PCR方法扩增得到Derf1的全长序列与成熟肽序列（mDerf1）；以已知DerP5基因的前导序列替换Derf1前导序列和原酶序列，重新构建出rDerf1基因；将上述3个基因分别克隆入原核表达载体pGEX-4T-1中表达，经Western-blot对三者的表达产物进行分析鉴定。结果Western-blot表明，pGEX-Derf1与pGEX-mDerf1的表达产物分别为分子量约63000与51000的重组蛋白质，重组蛋白质主要存在于细胞裂解液的沉淀中。pGEX-rDerf1大量表达了可溶性目的蛋白质，分子量约53000，并被成功地分离纯化。以上三种表达产物均可被鼠抗GST抗体与螨过敏患者血清特异地识别。结论表达了含Derf1，mDerf1与rDerf1的三种GST融合蛋白质，它们均具免疫反应性，纯化获得了GST-rDerf1融合蛋白质，为后期的诊断及治疗奠定了基础。     

Limits of phagocytic power of macrophages

The ability of peritoneal macrophages to take up different doses of antigen (sheep's erythrocytes) and of antigens differing in physicochemical properties (sheep's erythrocytes, rat erythrocytes, and typhoid vaccine) was studied. An increase in the dose of sheep's erythrocytes injected many times over had no effect on the quantity of antigen ingested by the macrophages within a definite time interval. In macrophages taken at short periods after injection of erythrocytes of the different species of animals into the mice, ability to take up these erythrocytes in vitro was sharply inhibited. Preincubation of macrophages (in vivo or in vitro) with all the antigens tested sharply increased their ability to phagocytose typhoid vaccine.Laboratory of Physiology and Regulation of Immunity, N. F. Gamaleya Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR P. A. Vershilova.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsina, Vol. 84, No. 7, pp. 58–61, July, 1977.     

核素显像评价电刺激对健康青年人小肠运动功能影响的试验研究

目的利用放射性核素显像研究十二指肠电刺激对人小肠通过时间的影响。方法12例健康青年志愿者,男女各6例,年龄21～25岁,中位年龄23岁。在胃镜引导下留置导管至十二指肠水平部,并安置电极,将99mTc-DTPA(二乙撑三胺五乙酸)和乳果糖混合液注入导管,用单光子发射式计算机断层仪(SPECT)进行连续小肠显像。择日对受试者进行电刺激,刺激条件:频率13Hz、波宽300ms、刺激强度5mA的方波,采用上述方法进行显像。使用感兴趣区分析法,生成小肠时间-放射性曲线,计算出小肠半排时间(T50),比较刺激前后小肠半排时间的变化。结果电刺激前后小肠平均半排时间分别为(49.5±15.8)min和(29.6±10.9)min,刺激前后T50变化有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论放射性核素显像能很好地反映小肠运动变化,十二指肠电刺激能明显加快小肠运动。     

帕金森病大鼠模型额叶皮质的代谢及形态改变

目的：探讨帕金森病中大脑额叶皮质的形态及代谢改变。方法：大鼠实验组于6-OHDA毁损后用BIOSPEC47／30磁共振波谱仪(4．7T)，采用点分辨波谱法对双侧额叶皮质行H-MRS检测，分析该区N-乙酰天门冬氨酸／肌酸(NAA／Cr)和胆碱／肌酸(Cho／Cr)比值的变化，并用电镜观察该区神经元及突触的形态变化。结果：实验组大鼠损毁侧额叶皮质．NA．A／Cr比值显著低于对侧，对照组两侧无显著差别；Cho／Cr比值在两组的两侧相比均无显著差别。电镜观察显示：损毁侧额叶皮质的突触数量较对侧减少，突触前、后膜和突触小泡结构异常，典型突触结构消失，树突棘出现大片低电子密度区，细胞器消失。结论：帕金森病大鼠模型损毁侧额叶皮质内存在神经元缺失或突触数量的减少，突触结构异常及功能异常。     

一种用ICA去除瞬态诱发耳声发射伪迹的新方法

如何去除伪迹是瞬态诱发耳声发射检测中一个关键的问题。本研究提出了一种用ICA去除伪迹的新方法。首先用四组线性增长的刺激声在耳道内录音 ,得到的波形是瞬态诱发耳声发射和伪迹的混叠。因为伪迹和瞬态诱发耳声发射是统计独立的 ,而且伪迹随刺激声的变化线性增长 ,而瞬态诱发耳声发射随刺激声的变化非线性增长 ,逐渐趋于饱和 ,所以它们在混叠信号中具有不同的混叠系数。用ICA算法可以将各独立分量及混叠矩阵估计出来 ,伪迹是其中的一个独立分量。然后将伪迹的波形置零后再进行一次混叠 ,便达到了去除伪迹的目的。最后通过与传统的DNLR方法比较 ,证明这种方法是有效的