Background: The authors compared the efficacy of the different approaches to saphenous nerve block.
Methods: The following approaches to saphenous nerve block were compared in 10 volunteers: perifemoral, transsartorial, block at the medial femoral condyle, below-the-knee field block, and blockade at the level of the medial malleolus. Each volunteer underwent all five blocks, and the interval between blocks was 3-7 days. The sequence of injection was randomized by Latin square design. Sensory blockade at the medial aspects of the leg and foot and the strength of the anterior thigh muscles were noted.
Results: The transsartorial, perifemoral, and below-the-knee field block approaches were more effective than block at the medial femoral condyle in providing sensory anesthesia to the medial aspect of the leg. The transsartorial approach was more effective than block at the medial femoral condyle and below-the-knee field block in providing sensory anesthesia to the medial aspect of the foot. Compared with the perifemoral approach, the transsartorial approach did not cause weakness of the hip flexors and the knee extensors. In volunteers with partial numbness in the medial aspect of the foot, supplemental block of the medial dorsal cutaneous branch of the superficial peroneal nerve resulted in complete sensory blockade. 相似文献
To study the pathological and histochemical characteristics of lesions in piglet livers infected with Taenia saginata asiatica (T. saginata asiatica) throughout the different stages, piglets were fed with eggs of T. saginata asiatica and raised in isolation in an animal center to establish the T. saginata asiatica infection model with normal piglets as control. The pathological changes in the piglet livers were observed after the infection
using liver sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Histochemical methods were used to check the changes in lipid, glycogen
and protein content in the liver. The data collected by image analysis were analyzed statistically with Statistical Package
for the Social Science. The results show that T. saginata asiatica-exposed piglets were indeed infected. Inflammatory reactions began on the fourth day and progressed rapidly. Kupffer cell
hyperplasia, hepatic hydropic degeneration and ballooning degeneration were found in the 10th–20th days after infection. Hepatic
central veins and hepatic sinusoids were dilated and congested. Spotty necrosis occurred in some local liver tissues. In the
40th–60th days, granulomatous reactions and mild hepatocirrhosis were the main lesions. In the 70th–80th days, hepatocirrhosis
and bile duct proliferation were observed in the liver. In the different stages, lipid drops were increased while glycogen
and protein levels were decreased to some degree. There was a significant difference in metabolism between the infected group
and the control group (P < 0.01). It is concluded that pigs are the favorable intermediate host of T. saginata asiatica and its infection can result in serious pathological and histochemical lesions in host organs.
Translated from Journal of Guiyang Medical College, 2006, 31(4): 296–300 [译自: 贵阳医学院学报] 相似文献
We analyzed performance and efficiency of the left ventricular myocardium on the basis of two new energetic parameters. The myocardial energy consumed during one cardiac cycle is related to performed work on the one hand (E1) and to the stress-time-integral on the other (E2). E1 was obtained by analysis of the pressure-volume integral divided by left ventricular muscle mass. E2 was obtained as follows: the stress-time integral was analyzed from pressure-volume data and wall thickness using an ellipsoidal calculation model. In order to transfer the stress-time integral into energy units, the value was multiplied by a constant factor which was obtained in experimental myothermal studies. In ten patients with coronary heart disease undergoing diagnostic heart catheterization, angiocardiography was performed before and after oral administration of nitroglycerin (1.6 mg). Total energy consumption (2E1 + E2) per gram myocardium per beat decreased from 6.1 +/- 1.3 mcal/g to 4.7 +/- 1.4 mcal/g (P less than 0.01), and myocardial efficiency (E1/[2E1 + E2]) increased from 27.0 +/- 3.1% to 28.4 +/- 4.3% (N.S.) on the average. This analysis explains quantitatively the beneficial effect of nitro-preparations on myocardial function and energetics. 相似文献