微波治疗慢性单纯性鼻炎 205 例

目的　探讨微波治疗慢性单纯性鼻炎的疗效。方法　采用EBH IV型耳鼻喉综合微波治疗仪治疗慢性单纯性鼻炎 2 0 5例 ,之后用达芬霖液体喷雾剂喷鼻 1～ 2周 ,1个月后检查统计分析治疗结果。结果　治愈 181例 (88.3% ) ,好转 2 2例 (10 .7% ) ,无效 2例 (1.0 % ) ,总有效 2 0 3例 (99.0 % )。结论　应用微波治疗慢性单纯性鼻炎具有操作简单、无出血及焦痂和治疗效果好等优点     

椎动脉型颈椎病的彩色多普勒超声诊断

目的 :观察椎动脉型颈椎病的高频彩色多普勒表现和血流动力学变化。方法 :应用彩色多普勒超声诊断仪 (高频探头 ,频率 7～ 10MHz)检测 138例椎动脉型颈椎病患者 (颈椎病组 )的椎动脉 (VH)内径 (D)、血流速度 (V)和血流量 (Q)、阻力指数 (RI)和搏动指数 (PI) ,观察其形态结构、并与 10 0例 (对照组 )进行对照分析。结果 :颈椎病组VA的V(除平均血流速度外 )、D ,Q ,RI,PI与对照组比较差异有显著性 (P <0 0 1)。结论 :高频彩超显示的椎动脉形态和血流参数变化为临床评价椎动脉型颈椎病治疗效果提供了有价值的依据     

Epinephrine reduces the sedative side effects of epidural sufentanil for labour analgesia

PURPOSE: The use of opioids in labour analgesia has primarily been as an adjuvant to local anesthetics. For early labour, satisfactory analgesia with epidural sufentanil alone is possible. This study evaluates the impact of epinephrine on sedative side effects and analgesia related to the latter technique. METHODS: After Institutional Review Board approval and informed consent this prospective, randomized, double-blind study evaluated 43 nulliparous subjects requesting epidural analgesia. The study site, a tertiary care obstetric unit, accommodates 3500-4500 deliveries annually. Group selection was randomized and blinded by selection of a sealed envelope containing a number which corresponded to a premixed labelled syringe of saline or epinephrine (100 microg/mL). An epidural catheter was placed in a standardized fashion. All subjects received 40 microg of sufentanil and 0.5 mL from the premixed syringe, diluted to 10 mL with NaCl. A blinded observer collected data on maternal sedation, lightheadedness, hemodynamics, oxygenation, and fetal heart rate over a one-hour period following sufentanil injection. RESULTS: The addition of epinephrine significantly (P <0.05) reduced the incidence of sedation and lightheadedness after epidural sufentanil at all data collection points, except two. Analgesic duration was also significantly prolonged by this addition (120 +/- 56 vs 84 +/- 32 min). Maternal satisfaction was high regardless of solution. CONCLUSION: Forty micrograms of epidural sufentanil produces satisfactory analgesia in early labour. The addition of epinephrine improves the side effect profile of this technique while prolonging the duration of analgesia. Epidural sufentanil requires attention to maternal monitoring of oxygenation as maternal desaturation occurred in both groups.     

医源性腓总神经伤分析

目的：总结40a来收治的48例医源性腓总神经损伤的临床资料，探讨其损伤机制和特点。方法：通过随访，依据其损伤原因和机制分类统计。结果：牵拉压迫伤33例，占69％；手术切割伤12例，占25％。导致腓总神经损伤的原因中以石膏压迫为最多，占37％，牵伸性损伤占31％。结论：骨科医师必须具备丰富的解剖知识和责任心，重在预防，一旦发生损伤，应早期诊断，采用有效的方法及时治疗。     

新型重组人肿瘤坏死因子药代动力学的实验方法

目的 为探讨新型重组人肿瘤坏死因子（nrTNF α）药代动力学而建立生物样品中nrhTNFα的检测方法。方法 （1）方法Ⅰ（RA）：动物肌注^125 Ⅰ标记的nrhTNFα后，测定各生物样品中的总放射活性；（2）方法Ⅱ（HPLC－RA）；上述生物样品无经HPLC分离后，收集并测定其中^125Ⅰ－nrhTNFα部分的放射活性；（3）方法 ⅢELISA法。结果 RA，HPLC－RA法检测的nrhTNFα质量浓度与放射性呈直线相关（RA，r=0.999HPLC－RA,r=0.999)。ELISA法证明nrhTNFα的酶联免疫检测药盒适用于nrhTNFα的检测，nrhTNFα的标准曲线与nrhTNFα的标准曲线显正相关，r=0.994,这一检测系统与其他细胞因子包括IFNα，TNFβ，IL－2和IL－6无交叉反应。结论 RA，HPLC－RA和ELISA法均可作为nrhTNFα的药代动力学实验方法。     

电化学人工龋的电化学腐蚀机制研究

目的 研究电化学人工龋的电化学腐蚀机制。方法 采用循环伏安法研究牙片电极在K2SO4溶液中的氧化还原反应；以失重法并结合SPSS统计软件统计分析，评价牙片在KCl和K2SO4介质中恒电位腐蚀情况，并现场监测电解液氢离子浓度的变化情况。结果 在0.0-2.5V电位范围内，牙片电极与石墨电极具有波形类似的循环伏安曲线；在KCl和K2SO4介质中牙片的腐蚀速度无显著差异；2.0V恒电位腐蚀牙片8h后，阳极池本体溶液pH值由7.0平均下降到3.87，阴极池则由7.0平均升高到10.65。结论 在外电场作用下，牙片的阳极腐蚀与介质无关；水的阳极氧化引起阳极区氢离子浓度升高，致使牙齿发生酸溶是电化学人工龋形成的主要决定因素。     

癌基因c-fOS和c-jun在肝细胞型肝癌中的表达及临床意义

目的:研究癌基因c-fos和c-jun在肝细胞型肝癌中的表达及临床意义.方法:采用免疫组化技术检测10例正常肝组织、23例癌旁异型增生肝组织和31例肝细胞型肝癌组织的癌基因c-fos和c-jun表达,并对两者相关性进行分析.结果:在正常组织中c-fos和c-jun弱表达或不表达;在癌旁异型增生肝组织中c-fos和c-jun的阳性例数分别为15(65.2%)和14(60.9%),染色强度与正常肝组织相比差异有显著性(P＜0.05);在肝细胞型肝癌中c-fos和c-jun阳性例数分别为17(54.8%)和16(51.9%).c-fos和c-jun表达水平与癌组织分化程度有关(P＜0.05),而且二种癌基因在肝细胞型肝癌中表达的协同性较强.结论:c-fos和c-jun癌基因的异常表达可能在肝细胞型肝癌的发生发展中起重要作用;c-fos和c-jun表达水平与肝细胞型肝癌的分化程度有关,可作为判定肝细胞型肝癌恶性程度的重要指标之一.     

减压后脑肿大早期磁共振弥散加权像和病理的实验研究

目的：探讨减压后脑肿大早期病理基础。方法：利用磁共振弥散加权成像（DWI）对脑水肿检测的敏感性和特异性，于减压后2h、4和6h三个时点，对18只猫作减压后脑肿大动脉DWI检查，每相应时点处死6只猫形成一组，制取脑标本作Evan‘s Blue染色、光镜和电镜检查。结果：减压后2hDWI即显示脑肿大部位为低强度信号区，其范围在减压后4和6h明显扩大，中线向对侧移位加剧；1只猫减压后6h肿大部位原低强度信号区转变为高强度信号区。减压后2h即见脑肿大部位Evan‘s Blue染色，减压后4和6h染色范围明显扩大。减压后2h光镜和电镜检查发现全脑微小血管内淤血，但以脑肿大部位为重并伴有微小血管周围间隙明显扩大；减压后6h肿大脑组织内变性坏死脑细胞增多。结论：减压后脑肿大早期（＜2h)由充血性脑肿胀和血管源性脑水肿共同构成，6h则可能有细胞毒性脑水肿发生。     

Command hallucinations among Asian patients with schizophrenia.

OBJECTIVES: The impact of command hallucinations on patients and the determinants of patients' compliance with them are still poorly understood. The extant literature is also divided on their association with violence. This study aimed to establish the prevalence of command hallucinations and to identify the factors that affect compliance with the commands, together with patients' coping methods. METHODS: We recruited 50 consecutive male and 50 consecutive female schizophrenia inpatients who reported hearing voices in the 6 months prior to admission. We interviewed these patients, using a semistructured questionnaire. We collected information on the contents of their auditory hallucinations and their coping methods. RESULTS: Of the patients, 53 (53%) reported command hallucinations. Of these 53 patients, 58% were women and 48% were men; 62% reported complying with the commands. They were also more likely to comply with nonviolent commands. A history of self-harm predicted compliance. Those patients who did not comply with the commands adopted various methods of coping, of which praying was the most common. CONCLUSION: Command hallucinations are common in patients with schizophrenia. Patients with a history of self-harm need closer monitoring because they may be more likely to comply with these hallucinations. Assessment should also include the patient's own coping strategies, which can be incorporated into the treatment.