髋臼方形区骨折的治疗及研究进展

髋臼是人体的重要承重关节,髋臼方形区是髋臼内侧壁的重要结构,具有特殊的形态结构和重要功能。方形区骨折是髋臼骨折中常遇到的骨折,由于髋臼方形区处于骨盆内侧,所以手术中的显露及复位十分困难。同时,髋臼方形区骨质较薄较难固定,外侧有髋关节,选择合适的内固定和对相关解剖的了解十分重要。方形区骨折后,股骨头容易向内侧移位,甚至突入盆腔造成嵌顿,其复位和治疗一直是骨科中的难点。对于方形区骨折不同的治疗方法,其疗效也不一。本文就方形区的解剖学特点、手术入路选择、内固定治疗方式、治疗要点和疗效等做一综述。     

Comparison of three different approaches in the treatment of chronic low back pain

Our aim is to investigate the effects of three therapeutic approaches in the chronic low back pain on pain, spinal mobility, disability, psychological state, and aerobic capacity. Sixty patients with chronic low back pain were randomized to three groups: group 1, aerobic exercise + home exercise; group 2, physical therapy (hot pack, ultrasound, TENS) + home exercise; group 3, home exercise only. Spinal mobility, pain severity, disability, and psychological disturbance of the patients were assessed before and after the treatment and at 1-month follow-up. Aerobic capacities of the patients were measured before and after treatment. All of the groups showed similar decrease in pain after the treatment and at 1-month follow-up, and there was no significant difference between the groups. In group 2, a significant decrease in Beck Depression Inventory scores was observed with treatment. At 1-month follow-up, group 1 and 2 showed significant decreases in General Health Assessment Questionnaire scores. In group 2, there was also a significant improvement in Roland Morris Disability scores. There were similar improvements in exercise test duration and the MET levels in all the three groups. All of the three therapeutic approaches were found to be effective in diminishing pain and thus increasing aerobic capacity in patients with chronic low back pain. On the other hand, physical therapy + home exercise was found to be more effective regarding disability and psychological disturbance.     

Radiographic, clinical, and functional outcomes of treatment with adalimumab (a human anti-tumor necrosis factor monoclonal antibody) in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis receiving concomitant methotrexate therapy: a randomized, placebo-controlled, 52-week trial

OBJECTIVE: Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is an important proinflammatory cytokine that mediates inflammatory synovitis and articular matrix degradation in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We investigated the ability of adalimumab, a human anti-TNF monoclonal antibody, to inhibit the progression of structural joint damage, reduce the signs and symptoms, and improve physical function in patients with active RA receiving concomitant treatment with methotrexate (MTX). METHODS: In this multicenter, 52-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, 619 patients with active RA who had an inadequate response to MTX were randomized to receive adalimumab 40 mg subcutaneously every other week (n = 207), adalimumab 20 mg subcutaneously every week (n = 212), or placebo (n = 200) plus concomitant MTX. The primary efficacy end points were radiographic progression at week 52 (total Sharp score by a modified method [TSS]), clinical response at week 24 (improvements of at least 20% in the American College of Rheumatology core criteria [ACR20]), and physical function at week 52 (disability index of the Health Assessment Questionnaire [HAQ]). RESULTS: At week 52, there was statistically significantly less radiographic progression, as measured by the change in TSS, in the patients receiving adalimumab either 40 mg every other week (mean +/- SD change 0.1 +/- 4.8) or 20 mg weekly (0.8 +/- 4.9) as compared with that in the placebo group (2.7 +/- 6.8) (P < or = 0.001 for each comparison). In addition, there were statistically significant changes in the components of the TSS. At week 24, ACR20 responses were achieved by 63% and 61% of patients in the adalimumab 40 mg every other week and 20 mg weekly groups, respectively, versus 30% of patients in the placebo group (P < or = 0.001 for each comparison). At week 52, ACR20 responses were achieved by 59% and 55% of patients taking adalimumab 40 mg every other week and 20 mg weekly, respectively, versus 24% of patients taking placebo (P < or = 0.001 for each comparison). At week 52, physical function as measured by the HAQ demonstrated statistically significant improvement with adalimumab 40 mg every other week and 20 mg weekly compared with placebo (mean change in HAQ score -0.59 and -0.61, respectively, versus -0.25; P < or = 0.001 for each comparison). A total of 467 patients (75.4%) completed 52 weeks of treatment. Adalimumab was generally well tolerated. Discontinuations occurred in 22.0% of adalimumab-treated patients and in 30.0% of placebo-treated patients. The rate of adverse events (both serious and nonserious) was comparable in the adalimumab and placebo groups, although the proportion of patients reporting serious infections was higher in patients receiving adalimumab (3.8%) than in those receiving placebo (0.5%) (P < or = 0.02), and was highest in the patients receiving 40 mg every other week. CONCLUSION: In this 52-week trial, adalimumab was more effective than placebo at inhibiting the progression of structural joint damage, reducing the signs and symptoms, and improving physical function in patients with active RA who had demonstrated an incomplete response to MTX.     

Use of Intracolonic Bypass Secured by a Biodegradable Anastomotic Ring to Protect the Low Rectal Anastomosis

Purpose Because of the relatively high morbidity and mortality of anastomotic leakage in patients with low rectal cancer who receive an anterior resection, many fecal diverting methods have been introduced. This study was designed to assess the efficacy and safety of the Valtrac™-secured intracolonic bypass in protecting low rectal anastomosis and to compare the efficacy and complications of Valtrac™-secured intracolonic bypass with those of loop ileostomy. Methods From January 2002 to April 2006, 83 patients with rectal cancer who underwent elective low anterior resection received intracolonic bypass or ileostomy. Demographics, clinical features, and operative data were recorded. Results Forty-four patients (53 percent) received a Valtrac™-secured intracolonic bypass and 39 patients (47 percent) a loop ileostomy. The demographics and clinical features of the groups were similar. None of the patients developed clinical anastomotic leakage. Longer overall postoperative hospital stay (21.3 ± 5.8 days) and higher costs incurred (3.1 ± 0.9 × $1,000 U.S. dollars) were observed in the ileostomy group than in the intracolonic bypass group (12.5 ± 6.3 days, 4.4 ± 1.2 × $1,000 U.S. dollars; P < 0.05). Stoma-related complications in the ileostomy group included dermatitis (12.8 percent), bleeding (2.6 percent), and intestinal obstruction after stoma closure (5.1 percent). No complications were observed in the intracolonic bypass group except for the Valtrac™ ring discharging en bloc, which compromised fecal evacuation in two cases (4.5 percent). Conclusions The Valtrac™-secured intracolonic bypass procedure is a safe, effective, but time-limited, diverting technique to protect an elective low colorectal anastomosis. Valtrac™-secured intracolonic bypass, in contrast to loop ileostomy, avoids stoma-related complications or readmission for closure and is associated with decreased hospital time and cost. Presented at the First National Conference on Colorectal Surgery, Zhu Hai, Guang Dong, China, November 2 to 5, 2006. Reprints are not available.     

High oxygen environment during pregnancy rescues sickle cell anemia mice from prenatal death

Several mouse models of sickle cell disease have been developed for the study of the pathophysiology of sickle cell disease and the investigation of drug and gene therapies. In previous years, we produced a sickle cell anemia mouse model in which the endogenous mouse α- and β-globin genes were knocked out and replaced by the human α- and β^s-globin transgenes. The β^s-globin gene was contained in a 240 kb YAC that preserved the entire native genomic context of the β-globin locus. These mice have hemolytic anemia, reticulocytosis and irreversible sickle cells in the peripheral blood, as well as other pathological features of sickle cell disease. However, in the embryo, the γ-globin, like the mouse embryonic globin, declined quickly, and was replaced by β^s-globin expression from 12 days of gestation. The low level of fetal hemoglobin expression in utero led to intrauterine sickling and fetal death so that very few live-born sickle cell anemia mice could be obtained. To rescue these mice from intrauterine death, we investigated the effect of placing the pregnant mothers in a high O₂ environment. From the tenth day of gestation onwards, we placed the mothers into a chamber containing 50% O₂ and kept them with the newborn pups in it for another 10 days after birth. The frequency of sickle cell anemia mice we obtained was increased from less than 2% to 35%. The survived sickle cell anemia mice develop congestion, atrophy, and infarcts in multiple organs similar to those found in patients with sickle cell disease. We conclude that a high oxygen environment can be used to obtain more sickle cell anemia mice in those models that have a high perinatal mortality. The higher yield of these mice has facilitated physiological and therapeutic studies of sickle cell anemia.     

超声造影监测兔肾缺血再灌注损伤早期皮质血流动力学的改变

目的采用超声造影定量分析技术监测肾缺血再灌注损伤发生后早期兔肾皮质血流灌注的改变。方法 36只家兔随机分为假手术组(R0组)、缺血后再灌注第2小时组(R1组)、第16小时组(R2组)、第24小时组(R3组),每组各9只。行超声造影并应用时间-强度曲线(TIC)测量灌注峰值时间(TTP)、曲线上升支斜率(β)、灌注峰值强度(A)、曲线下面积(AUC),观察各参数的变化并对比与兔肾病理改变的相关性。结果肾缺血恢复灌注后各组与对照组相比TTP、AUC增大,β值、A值降低(P<0.05);缺血再灌注组各组间TTP、β有统计学差异(P<0.05),其中恢复灌注后第24 h的TTP的延长和β的下降最为显著(P<0.01)。结论 肾缺血再灌注损伤早期即发生肾皮质微循环障碍,超声造影定量分析技术能敏感反映这一过程。TIC曲线各定量参数对于评价肾局部微循环灌注具有参考价值,其中TTP及β更具意义。     

血清chemerin含量与膝骨关节炎严重程度的相关性

目的通过测定不同严重程度的骨关节炎患者血清中chemerin水平,探讨chemerin水平与骨关节炎严重程度的相关性。方法收集临床收治的膝骨关节炎患者血清80例作为研究组,20名正常人血清作为对照组,采用酶联免疫吸附试验法(ELISA)对其血清中的chemerin水平进行检测,膝骨关节炎影像学严重程度评分采用国际公认的Kellgren-Lawrence(K-L)评分系统。结果骨关节炎组血清中chemerin水平显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=4.983,P<0.01)。骨关节炎组血清chemerin水平与K-L分级有显著相关性(r=0.901,P<0.001)。结论血清chemerin水平在骨关节炎患者中显著升高,且与影像学K-L分级严重程度正相关,血清chemerin水平可作为骨关节炎诊断及判断严重程度的参考指标。     

腹腔镜输卵管造口术与甲氨蝶呤治疗输卵管妊娠的Meta分析

目的系统评价腹腔镜输卵管造口术与肌注甲氨蝶呤治疗输卵管妊娠的有效性及两种治疗方法对患者生育功能的影响。方法系统检索Medline、The Cochrane Library、Embase、中国科技期刊数据库等中文及外文数据库,筛选关于腹腔镜输卵管造口术和肌注甲氨蝶呤治疗输卵管妊娠的随机对照试验(RCT),进行Meta分析,评价腹腔镜输卵管造口术和肌注甲氨蝶呤治疗输卵管妊娠的有效性及两种治疗方法对患者日后生育功能的影响。结果纳入文献4篇,共有342例输卵管妊娠患者参加4项RCT。各试验均对纳入患者进行了基线比较,无统计学差异,分析四篇RCT数据取95%可信区间分别比较了以下指标:腹腔镜输卵管造口术和单次/多次肌注甲氨蝶呤的治疗成功率(RR=0.82,95%CI 0.73~0.93;RR=0.96,95%CI 0.87~1.06),治疗后患者HCG水平恢复正常所需时间(MD=10.75,95%CI 1.81~19.70),治疗后患侧输卵管通畅率(RR=1.00,95%CI0.72~1.38),治疗后自然宫内孕率(RR=1.16,95%CI 0.89~1.52),治疗后重复性宫外孕率(RR=0.38,95%CI 0.14~1.02)。结论当患者一般状况良好,血流动力学稳定,HCG水平较低并且异位妊娠包块小于4 cm,妊娠包块无活动性出血及大量腹腔积血并且患者要求保留生育功能时,腹腔镜输卵管造口术是最直接,有效的治疗方法。     

Single-molecule force measurement via optical tweezers reveals different kinetic features of two BRaf mutants responsible for cardio-facial-cutaneous (CFC) syndrome: errata

We correct the omission of the construct and protein purification method in our recent paper [Biomed. Opt. Express 4(12), 2835–2845 (2013)].OCIS codes: (170.0170) Medical optics and biotechnology, (170.1420) Biology, (170.4520) Optical confinement and manipulation, (350.4855) Optical tweezers or optical manipulationWe add the construct and protein purification method mistakenly omitted in our recent paper [1]. The constructs were made following our previous studies [2, 3]. In brief, GST tagged Ras binding domain (RBD) and cysteine rich domain (CRD) expression constructs were generated by subcloning the two domains (amino acids 136-298) of wildtype or mutant human BRaf into pGEX4T-1 (GST-fusion vector, GE Healthcare). GST-RBD-CRD fusion proteins were induced in XL10-Gold E. coli strain (#200314, Stratagene), purified using Glutathione Sepharose 4B (#17-0756-01, GE Healthcare), and concentrated with Amicon Ultra centrifugal filters (Ultracel-30K, Millipore). Hexahistidine (His)-tagged Ras(WT) expression constructs were made by subcloning PCR-amplified full-length human H-Ras into pET28a( + ) (His-tag vector, Novagen). His-tagged Ras(WT) proteins were induced in BL21-CodonPlus (DE3)-RILP strain (#230280, Agilent Technologies), purified using Ni-NTA His-Bind Purification Kit (#70751-3, EMD Millipore Novagen), and quantified by Bradford assay kit (Bio-Rad).