全文获取类型
收费全文 | 11222篇 |
免费 | 558篇 |
国内免费 | 96篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 151篇 |
儿科学 | 226篇 |
妇产科学 | 71篇 |
基础医学 | 1220篇 |
口腔科学 | 231篇 |
临床医学 | 674篇 |
内科学 | 3090篇 |
皮肤病学 | 197篇 |
神经病学 | 770篇 |
特种医学 | 402篇 |
外科学 | 1902篇 |
综合类 | 48篇 |
预防医学 | 244篇 |
眼科学 | 246篇 |
药学 | 756篇 |
中国医学 | 60篇 |
肿瘤学 | 1588篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 78篇 |
2022年 | 156篇 |
2021年 | 329篇 |
2020年 | 187篇 |
2019年 | 256篇 |
2018年 | 332篇 |
2017年 | 225篇 |
2016年 | 325篇 |
2015年 | 317篇 |
2014年 | 388篇 |
2013年 | 468篇 |
2012年 | 712篇 |
2011年 | 857篇 |
2010年 | 474篇 |
2009年 | 361篇 |
2008年 | 682篇 |
2007年 | 759篇 |
2006年 | 719篇 |
2005年 | 731篇 |
2004年 | 723篇 |
2003年 | 712篇 |
2002年 | 693篇 |
2001年 | 120篇 |
2000年 | 69篇 |
1999年 | 95篇 |
1998年 | 120篇 |
1997年 | 118篇 |
1996年 | 96篇 |
1995年 | 86篇 |
1994年 | 76篇 |
1993年 | 69篇 |
1992年 | 55篇 |
1991年 | 48篇 |
1990年 | 52篇 |
1989年 | 44篇 |
1988年 | 57篇 |
1987年 | 23篇 |
1986年 | 25篇 |
1985年 | 36篇 |
1984年 | 20篇 |
1983年 | 31篇 |
1982年 | 22篇 |
1981年 | 23篇 |
1980年 | 17篇 |
1979年 | 9篇 |
1978年 | 13篇 |
1977年 | 9篇 |
1976年 | 9篇 |
1975年 | 11篇 |
1973年 | 7篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
71.
The development and progression of lung cancer is a multistep process characterized by the accumulation of numerous genetic and epigenetic alterations, some of which occur early in the course of disease. In this review, we summarize cytogenetic imbalances and molecular genetic/epigenetic changes seen in human small-cell and non-small-cell lung cancer. Alterations of tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes leading to perturbations of key cell-regulatory and growth-control pathways are highlighted. The translational implications of molecular biomarkers for risk assessment, early detection, and monitoring of chemoprevention trials are discussed. 相似文献
72.
Koibuchi H Shibuya Y Kubo N Kawano M Itoh K 《Rinsho byori. The Japanese journal of clinical pathology》2002,50(10):992-999
Clinical microbiology laboratories in Japan have not yet established standards for selecting the most appropriate antimicrobial agents for testing and reporting antimicrobial susceptibility that are comparable to the performance standards of the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards(NCCLS) in the United States of America. Selection of the most appropriate antimicrobial agents for testing and reporting was discussed by a working group(WG) consisting of medical physicians, surgeons, pharmacists, medical technologists and medical microbiologists. The WG agreed on the following basic criteria for the selection of antimicrobial agents: 1) the agent should be useful when screening various resistant bacteria, 2) the agent should serve as a useful guide for physicians and residents when selecting antimicrobial agents, and 3) the agent should be useful for controlling nosocomial infections and resistant bacteria. Clinically isolated microorganisms were classified into 7 groups based on susceptibility to antimicrobial agents. These groups were Staphylococcus spp. or Enterococcus spp., Streptococcus spp. or Haemophilus spp., enterobacteriae, glucose non-fermenting gram positive rods(NFRs), anaerobic bacteria, fungi and mycobacterium. After considering clinical and bacteriological evidence, the WG decided on several antimicrobial agents for testing in clinical microbiology laboratories in Jichi Medical School Hospital. For the NFR group, these were Piperacillin(PIPC), ceftazidime(CAZ), cefepime, imipenem, amikacin and levofloxacin(LVFX). For the enterobacteriae group, these were Amplicillin(ABPC), PIPC, aztreonam, CAZ and LVFX. For the Staphylococcus spp. or Enterococcus spp. group, these were oxacillin, ABPC, vancomycin and gentamicin. We concluded that the most appropriate antimicrobial agent for testing and reporting must be economical and agreed upon at the hospital level, although the ultimate selection must be based on the available clinical and bacteriological evidence. 相似文献
73.
74.
75.
Sudo N Aiba Y Oyama N Yu XN Matsunaga M Koga Y Kubo C 《International archives of allergy and immunology》2004,135(2):132-135
BACKGROUND: Intestinal microbiota are known to play an important role in the establishment of oral tolerance, thereby protecting the organism from food allergies. Dietary intake of nucleic acid (NA) is also reported to have such an anti-allergic effect; however, one unsolved question is whether or not dietary NA would act through a process of toll-like receptor 9 signaling activated by DNA containing a CpG motif, a well-known sequence leading to immunostimulatory activity. In this study, we focused on the question of whether the addition of dietary NA lacking CpG motifs would allow continued modulation of the Th1/Th2 balance. METHODS: Germ free (GF) and Bifidobacterium-infantis-monoassociated BALB/c mice were maintained on either an NA-free casein diet or on an NA-supplemented casein diet for 4 weeks. Thereafter, both the in vivo anti-casein antibody levels and in vitro splenocyte cytokine secretion pattern were evaluated. RESULTS: Feeding with a casein diet elicited a substantial increase in the serum anti-casein-specific IgG1, IgG2a, and IgE levels of GF mice fed the NA free-diet. The in vitro cytokine production profile showed that enhanced IL-4 production in the GF mice fed the NA free-diet was markedly reduced by the supplementation with dietary NA in both the GF and B.-infantis-monoassociated mice. In addition, IFN-gamma secretion increased in the B.-infantis-reconstituted mice fed the diet containing NA. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that dietary intake of NA devoid of CpG motifs may prevent the development of allergies via acceleration of Th1-dominant immunity. 相似文献
76.
Matsuda J Kido M Tadano-Aritomi K Ishizuka I Tominaga K Toida K Takeda E Suzuki K Kuroda Y 《Human molecular genetics》2004,13(21):2709-2723
The sphingolipid activator proteins (saposins A, B, C and D) are small homologous glycoproteins that are encoded by a single gene in tandem within a large precursor protein (prosaposin) and are required for in vivo degradation of some sphingolipids with relatively short carbohydrate chains. Human patients with prosaposin or specific saposin B or C deficiency are known, and prosaposin- and saposin A-deficient mouse lines have been generated. Experimental evidence suggests that saposin D may be a lysosomal acid ceramidase activator. However, no specific saposin D deficiency state is known in any mammalian species. We have generated a specific saposin D(-/-) mouse by introducing a mutation (C509S) into the saposin D domain of the mouse prosaposin gene. Saposin D(-/-) mice developed progressive polyuria at around 2 months and ataxia at around 4 months. Pathologically, the kidney of saposin D(-/-) mice showed renal tubular degeneration and eventual hydronephrosis. In the nervous system, progressive and selective loss of the cerebellar Purkinje cells in a striped pattern was conspicuous, and almost all Purkinje cells disappeared by 12 months. Biochemically, ceramides, particularly those containing hydroxy fatty acids accumulated in the kidney and the brain, most prominently in the cerebellum. These results not only indicate the role of saposin D in in vivo ceramide metabolism, but also suggest possible cytotoxicity of ceramide underlying the cerebellar Purkinje cell and renal tubular cell degeneration. 相似文献
77.
Myopathy phenotype in transgenic mice expressing mutated PABPN1 as a model of oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy 总被引:1,自引:2,他引:1
Hino H Araki K Uyama E Takeya M Araki M Yoshinobu K Miike K Kawazoe Y Maeda Y Uchino M Yamamura K 《Human molecular genetics》2004,13(2):181-190
Autosomal dominant oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD)is a late-onset disorder characterized clinically by progressiveptosis, dysphagia and limb weakness, and by unique intranuclearinclusions in the skeletal muscle fibers. The disease is causedby the expansion of a 10-alanine stretch to 1217 alanineresidues in the poly(A)-binding protein, nuclear 1 (PABPN1;PABP2). While PABPN1 is a major component of the inclusionsin OPMD, the exact cause of the disease is unknown. To elucidatethe molecular mechanism and to construct a useful model fortherapeutic trials, we have generated transgenic mice expressingthe hPABPN1. Transgenic mice lines expressing a normal hPABPN1with 10-alanine stretch did not reveal myopathic changes, whereaslines expressing high levels of expanded hPABPN1 with a 13-alaninestretch showed an apparent myopathy phenotype, especially inold age. Pathological studies in the latter mice disclosed intranuclearinclusions consisting of aggregated mutant hPABPN1 product.Furthermore, some TUNEL positive nuclei were shown around degeneratingfibers and a cluster of it in the lesion in necrotic musclefibers. Interestingly, the degree of myopathic changes was moreprominent in the eyelid and pharyngeal muscles. Further, muscleweakness in the limbs was apparent as shown by the fatigabilitytest. Nuclear inclusions seemed to develop gradually with aging,at least after 1 week of age, in model mouse muscles. We establishedthe first transgenic mouse model of OPMD by expressing mutatedPABPN1, and our model mice appear to have more dramatic alternationsin myofiber viability. * To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +81 963736083; Fax: +81 963736599; Email: yamamura{at}gpo.kumamoto-u.ac.jp 相似文献
78.
79.
Masayuki Ishihara PhD Kiyohaya Obara MD Singo Nakamura PhD Masanori Fujita MD PhD Kazunori Masuoka MD Yasuhiro Kanatani MD PhD Bonpei Takase MD PhD Hidemi Hattori PhD Yuji Morimoto MD PhD Miya Ishihara PhD Tadaaki Maehara MD PhD Makoto Kikuchi PhD 《Journal of artificial organs》2006,9(1):8-16
An aqueous solution of photocrosslinkable chitosan containing azide groups and lactose moieties (Az-CH-LA) incorporating paclitaxel
formed an insoluble hydrogel within 30 s of ultraviolet light (UV) irradiation. The chitosan hydrogel showed strong potential
for use as a new tissue adhesive in surgical applications and wound dressing. The fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2 molecules
retained in the chitosan hydrogel and in an injectable chitosan/IO4-heparin hydrogel remain biologically active, and were gradually released from the hydrogels as they biodegraded in vivo.
The controlled release of biologically active FGF-2 molecules from the hydrogels caused induction of angiogenesis and collateral
circulation occurred in healing-impaired diabetic (db/db) mice and in the ischemic limbs of rats. Paclitaxel, which is an antitumor reagent, was also retained in the chitosan hydrogel
and remained biologically active as it was released on degradation of the hydrogel in vivo. The chitosan hydrogels incorporating
paclitaxel effectively inhibited tumor growth and angiogenesis in mice. The purpose of this review is to describe the effectiveness
of chitosan hydrogel as a local drug delivery carrier for agents (e.g., FGF-2 and paclitaxel) to control angiogenesis. It
is thus proposed that chitosan hydrogel may be a promising new local carrier for drugs such as FGF-2 and paclitaxel to control
vascularization. 相似文献
80.
Tadakazu Shimoda Shokan Tanoue Masahiro Ikegami Yasuhiro Fujii Tetsuya Muroya Eisei Ishikawa 《Pathology international》1983,33(6):1259-1267
The present study includes a histopathological and immunohistochemical study of 4 cases of diffuse hyperplasia of gastric argyrophil cells. The mode of proliferation of these cells and the production of hormone by these cells have been documented. The distribution of microacinar nests composed of argyrophil cells was thought to be related to chronic gastritis in which there are atrophy of mucosa and intestinal metaplasia. In the case in which these nests were found only in the corpus ventriculi, there was intestinal metaplasia throughout the stomach. On the other hand, in the case in which these nests appeared only in the pyloric area, atrophy of the mucosa with mild intestinal metaplasia was observed only in the pyloric area. The microacinar nests composed of argyrophil cells were distributed in the deep mucosa at the basal portion of the glands in the area with intestinal metaplasia. Serial sections revealed a sprout composed of argyrophil cells budding from the gland with intestinal metaplastic changes. The sprout buds out from the growth zone of glands with Intestinal metaplasia and then becomes isolated and gives rise to reactive hyperplasia. The peptide hormone contained in these cells differs according to the mucosal environments. Cells containing gastrin were observed in the pyloric area, but not in the corpus ventriculi where there was marked intestinal metaplasia. The cells in this area were assumed to contain other hormones. 相似文献