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151.
B. Midouni E. Mehiri A. Ghariani H. Draoui L. Essalah I. Bouzouita D. Raoult L. Slim-Saidi P.E. Fournier 《International journal of antimicrobial agents》2019,53(1):63-69
Objectives
This study aimed to explore the genetic diversity of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates in a Tunisian pneumology hospital.Methods
A total of 141 S. pneumoniae strains isolated between 2009–2016 in the microbiology laboratory at A. Mami Hospital of Pneumology were investigated. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed the disk diffusion method. MICs of penicillin G, amoxicillin and cefotaxime were determined by Etest. Serotyping was inferred from the results of multiplex PCR targeting 40 serotypes. Sequence types (STs) were determined by multilocus sequence typing (MLST).Results
Among the 141 S. pneumoniae isolates, 98 (69.5%) were resistant to erythromycin. Evaluation of β-lactam susceptibility showed that 90 strains (63.8%) were non-susceptible to penicillin, whereas 48 (34.0%) had decreased susceptibility to amoxicillin and 21 (14.9%) to cefotaxime. Twenty-five serotypes were detected, and 10 isolates were classified as non-typeable. Vaccine coverage was 56.7%, 60.3% and 75.2% for pneumococcal conjugate vaccine 7 (PCV7), PCV10 and PCV13, respectively. Overall, 73 STs were identified, including 23 described for the first time. The most frequent STs were ST179 (n?=?17), ST3772 (n?=?14), ST2918 (n?=?10) and ST4003 (n?=?5), related to serotypes 19F, 19A, 14 and 23F, respectively. Moreover, 110 strains were classified within 45 STs. Three international antimicrobial-resistant clones were found, including Denmark14-ST230 (n?=?22), Spain9V-ST156 (n?=?22) and Portugal19F-ST177 (n?=?20).Conclusion
This study emphasises the clonal and international dissemination of antimicrobial-resistant S. pneumoniae clones. Significant differences in genetic variation were documented by MLST within the various serotypes identified. 相似文献152.
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Harinakshi Sanikini David C. Muller Marisa Sophiea Sabina Rinaldi Antonio Agudo Eric J. Duell Elisabete Weiderpass Kim Overvad Anne Tjønneland Jytte Halkjær Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault Franck Carbonnel Iris Cervenka Heiner Boeing Rudolf Kaaks Tilman Kühn Antonia Trichopoulou Georgia Martimianaki Anna Karakatsani Valeria Pala Domenico Palli Amalia Mattiello Rosario Tumino Carlotta Sacerdote Guri Skeie Charlotta Rylander María-Dolores Chirlaque López Maria-Jose Sánchez Eva Ardanaz Sara Regnér Tanja Stocks Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita Roel C.H. Vermeulen Dagfinn Aune Tammy Y.N. Tong Nathalie Kliemann Neil Murphy Marc Chadeau-Hyam Marc J. Gunter Amanda J. Cross 《International journal of cancer. Journal international du cancer》2020,146(4):929-942
Obesity has been associated with upper gastrointestinal cancers; however, there are limited prospective data on associations by subtype/subsite. Obesity can impact hormonal factors, which have been hypothesized to play a role in these cancers. We investigated anthropometric and reproductive factors in relation to esophageal and gastric cancer by subtype and subsite for 476,160 participants from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort. Multivariable hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using Cox models. During a mean follow-up of 14 years, 220 esophageal adenocarcinomas (EA), 195 esophageal squamous cell carcinomas, 243 gastric cardia (GC) and 373 gastric noncardia (GNC) cancers were diagnosed. Body mass index (BMI) was associated with EA in men (BMI ≥30 vs. 18.5–25 kg/m2: HR = 1.94, 95% CI: 1.25–3.03) and women (HR = 2.66, 95% CI: 1.15–6.19); however, adjustment for waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) attenuated these associations. After mutual adjustment for BMI and HC, respectively, WHR and waist circumference (WC) were associated with EA in men (HR = 3.47, 95% CI: 1.99–6.06 for WHR >0.96 vs. <0.91; HR = 2.67, 95% CI: 1.52–4.72 for WC >98 vs. <90 cm) and women (HR = 4.40, 95% CI: 1.35–14.33 for WHR >0.82 vs. <0.76; HR = 5.67, 95% CI: 1.76–18.26 for WC >84 vs. <74 cm). WHR was also positively associated with GC in women, and WC was positively associated with GC in men. Inverse associations were observed between parity and EA (HR = 0.38, 95% CI: 0.14–0.99; >2 vs. 0) and age at first pregnancy and GNC (HR = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.32–0.91; >26 vs. <22 years); whereas bilateral ovariectomy was positively associated with GNC (HR = 1.87, 95% CI: 1.04–3.36). These findings support a role for hormonal pathways in upper gastrointestinal cancers. 相似文献
158.
ABSTRACTA monocausal bacteriological understanding of infectious disease orients tuberculosis control efforts towards antimicrobial interventions. A bias towards technological solutions can leave multistranded public health and social interventions largely neglected. In the context of globalising biomedical approaches to infectious disease control, this ethnography-inspired review article reflects upon the implementation of rapid diagnostic technology in low- and middle-income countries. Fieldwork observations in Vietnam provided a stimulus for a critical review of the global rollout of tuberculosis diagnostic technology. To address local needs in tuberculosis control, health managers in resource-poor settings are readily cooperating with international donors to deploy novel diagnostic technologies throughout national tuberculosis programme facilities. Increasing investment in new diagnostic technologies is predicated on the supposition that these interventions will ameliorate disease outcomes. However, suboptimal treatment control persists even when accurate diagnostic technologies are available, suggesting that promotion of singular technological solutions can distract from addressing systemic change, without which disease susceptibility, propagation of infection, detection gaps, diagnostic delays, and treatment shortfalls persist. 相似文献
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