针灸学的内涵与外延

随着科技的发展,针灸学的内涵与外延也在不断发展变化。理定现阶段针灸学的内涵与外延,以更好地继承且发扬针灸学。通过分析文献,针灸学内涵主要包括中医基础理论的内容、经络腧穴理论、针灸诊断、针灸技术、针灸临床和针灸经典文献;针灸学外延主要包括针灸学基础结合医学、生理学、病理学、现代科学等衍生的理论外延、针灸技术和针灸临床结合现代科技衍生出的外延、现代针灸科研方法和科研成果。     

Deletion of CD4 and CD8 coreceptors permits generation of alphabetaT cells that recognize antigens independently of the MHC

The thymus generates major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-restricted alphabetaT cells that only recognize antigenic ligands in association with MHC or MHC-like molecules. We hypothesized that MHC specificity might be imposed on a broader alphabetaTCR repertoire during thymic selection by CD4 and CD8 coreceptors that bind and effectively sequester the tyrosine kinase Lck, thereby preventing T cell receptor (TCR) signaling by non-MHC ligands that do not engage either coreceptor. This hypothesis predicts that, in coreceptor-deficient mice, alphabeta thymocytes would be signaled by non-MHC ligands to differentiate into alphabetaT cells lacking MHC specificity. We now report that MHC-independent alphabetaT cells were indeed generated in mice deficient in both coreceptors as well as MHC ("quad-deficient" mice) and that such mice contained a diverse alphabetaT cell repertoire whose MHC independence was confirmed at the clonal level. We conclude that CD4 and CD8 coreceptors impose MHC specificity on a broader alphabetaTCR repertoire during thymic selection by preventing thymocytes from being signaled by non-MHC ligands.     

23-乙酰泽泻醇B对肥胖模型小鼠糖脂代谢紊乱的改善作用

目的:研究23-乙酰泽泻醇B对肥胖模型小鼠糖脂代谢紊乱的改善作用及机制.方法:小鼠给予高脂饲料10周以复制肥胖模型.将造模成功的小鼠随机分为模型组、奥利司他组(阳性对照,15.6 mg/kg)和23-乙酰泽泻醇B低、中、高剂量组(7.5、15、30 mg/kg),每组10只;另设置喂养普通饲料的小鼠10只为正常组.正常...     

HPLC法测定盐酸法舒地尔的含量及有关物质

目的建立盐酸法舒地尔含量及有关物质的高效液相色谱测定方法。方法采用高效液相色谱法。色谱柱为Agela C18;流动相:0.05mol.L-1的磷酸二氢铵溶液-甲醇(75∶25);检测波长:275nm;柱温:25℃;流速:1.0mL.min-1。结果盐酸法舒地尔在7.5～120μg.mL-1浓度范围内线性关系良好(r=0.9998),平均回收率为99.9%,RSD为0.2%,供试品溶液在24h内稳定。结论该方法简便、准确、可靠,专属性强,可以用于盐酸法舒地尔的含量及有关物质测定。     

浙江省2005-2020年肾综合征出血热流行趋势分析

目的 了解浙江省2005-2020年肾综合征出血热（HFRS）流行特征和时空分布特征,为其精准防控提供科学依据。方法 从中国疾病预防控制传染病报告信息管理系统获取疫情数据,通过描述性研究了解浙江省HFRS的三间分布特征;采用ArcGIS 10.2软件进行全局自相关和局部自相关分析;采用SaTScan 9.4.4软件进行时空聚集区扫描分析,ArcGIS 10.2软件完成疾病时空分布的可视化。结果 浙江省2005-2020年共报告7 724例HFRS病例,其中死亡25例。每年有2个发病高峰,分别在5-6月（春末夏初）和11月至次年1月（冬季）。累计病例在前三位的地市分别是宁波市24.27%（1 875/7 724）、台州市21.25%（1 642/7 724）和绍兴市14.54%（1 123/7 724）。男女性别比为2.73：1（5 656：2 068）。病例主要以中老年为主,41~70岁的病例占60.95%。职业主要是农民,占69.89%（5 398/7 724）。大多数年份HFRS的空间分布存在相关性,回顾性时空扫描结果显示,探测到3个聚集区：一类聚集区集中在浙江省东部和中部地区的21个县（市、区）,其中宁波市、绍兴市和金华市各有4个县（市、区）、台州市8个县（市、区）和丽水市1个县（RR=13.69,LLR=5 522.60,P<0.001）;二类聚集区集中在浙江省西部地区丽水市的龙泉市和庆元县（RR=31.20,LLR=1 232.46,P<0.001）;三类聚集区集中在浙江省北部地区湖州市的长兴县和安吉县（RR=3.42,LLR=23.93,P<0.001）。结论 2005-2020年浙江省HFRS病例以中老年、男性和农民为主,在春末夏初和冬季的东部地区疫情高发,建议重点地区在流行季节来临前针对重点人群采取精准防控措施。     

The facilitated early enteral and dietary management effectiveness trial in hospitalized patients with malnutrition

Background: The prevalence of malnutrition in the hospitalized setting is 30% to 55%. Previous studies reported an association of malnutrition with an increased hospital length of stay (LOS), morbidity, and mortality of patients. This study evaluated the role of early nutrition intervention on LOS, diagnosis coding of malnutrition cases, calculating case mix index, and reducing delays in implementing nutrition support to patients. Methods: Demographic data, anthropometric measurements, LOS, and serum albumin levels were collected from 400 patients in 2 medical wards to determine the prevalence of malnutrition and potential delays in nutrition consultation. Based on these results, a nutrition intervention study was conducted in 1 ward; the other ward served as a control. Patients were classified as normally nourished or malnourished. Multivariate general linear regressions were used to reveal the impact of intervention on the change in LOS, controlling for other potential confounding factors on the cohort and a subset with severe malnutrition. Results: Of the 400 patients assessed, 53% had malnutrition. Multiple general linear regressions showed that nutrition intervention reduced LOS an average of 1.93 days in the cohort group and 3.2 days in the severe malnourished group. Case mix index and female gender were positively associated with LOS in the malnourished group. Nutrition intervention reduced the delays in implementing nutrition support to patients by 47%. Conclusions: Results highlight the positive impact of nutrition intervention in terms of reduced LOS in malnourished hospital patients. Reduction in LOS with diagnosis coding of malnutrition cases yielded substantial economic benefits.     

A flow-injection chemiluminescent biomimetic immunoassay method using a molecularly imprinted polymer as a biomimetic antibody for the determination of trichlorfon

In this study, a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) was synthesized using trichlorfon as a template molecule. The MIP exhibited a high adsorption capacity toward trichlorfon. Using bovine serum albumin as a carrier, trichlorfon hapten was indirectly labeled with luminol, which competed with free trichlorfon for the combination with a biomimetic antibody of MIP. Based on this direct competitive format, a high throughput flow-injection chemiluminescent biomimetic immunoassay method was developed for fast detection of trace trichlorfon. The influencing factors were investigated and optimized. Under the optimal condition, a lower limit of detection (IC₁₅) of 0.0024?mg/L was obtained using this method. This method was also used to detect the trichlorfon spiked in carrot and cabbage samples, and the results were also verified using the method of gas chromatography.     

VEGF、CD44v6和MMP-9在食管癌组织中的表达及临床意义

目的:探讨血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、CD44剪接变体6(CD44v6)和基质金属蛋白酶(MMP)-9在食管癌组织中的表达及其与临床病理特征之间的关系。方法:采用免疫组化方法检测VEGF、CD44v6、MMP-9在45例食管癌患者的手术切除癌组织中的表达。结果:VEGF、CD44v6、MMP-9在食管癌组织中的表达阳性率分别为62．2％、68．9％和42．2％;VEGF、CD44v6表达与肿瘤临床分期、淋巴结转移有关(均P<0．05),与浸润深度、肿瘤大小无关(P>0．05),MMP-9表达与肿瘤临床分期、浸润深度和肿瘤大小有关(P<0．05),与淋巴结转移无关(P>0．05)。结论:VEGF、CD44v6、MMP-9与食管癌临床分期、浸润深度、淋巴结转移关系密切,提示联合检测这3项指标有助于食管癌生物学行为的判断和预后的估计。     

Glaucocalyxin A attenuates carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis and improves the associated gut microbiota imbalance

Liver fibrosis refers to the pathophysiological process of dysplasia on the connective tissue of the liver, caused by a variety of pathogenic factors. Glaucocalyxin A (GLA) has anticoagulation, antibacterial, anti-inflammation, antioxidant and antitumour properties. However, whether GLA ameliorates liver fibrosis or not is still unclear. In this study, a liver fibrosis model was established using male C57BL/6 mice. The mice were treated with 5 and 10 mg/kg GLA via intraperitoneal injection, respectively. The ones that were treated with 5 mg/kg OCA were used as the positive control group. The levels of liver function, liver fibrosis biomarkers and liver pathological changes were then evaluated. We also explored the effects of GLA on inflammatory response and liver cell apoptosis. In addition, we investigated the gut microbiota mechanisms of GLA on liver fibrosis. The results from this study that GLA could significantly decrease the level of liver function (AST, ALT, TBA) and liver fibrosis (HA, LN, PC-III, IV-C). On the other hand, a significant decrease in inflammation levels (IL-1β, TNF-α) were also noted. GLA also improves CCl4-induced pathological liver injuries and collagen deposition, in addition to decreasing apoptosis levels. In addition, an increase in the ratio of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes in liver disease was also observed. GLA also improves the gut microbiota. In conclusion, GLA attenuates CCl4-induced liver fibrosis and improves the associated gut microbiota imbalance.     

肺炎链球菌感染研究进展

肺炎链球菌（S.pn）作为细菌性肺炎、中耳炎、脑膜炎和败血症的主要病原体,其感染一直以来是全球不可忽视的健康问题。近年来,肺炎链球菌毒力和耐药性的不断增强,对公共健康的威胁越来越大。PCR和基因测序等基因组领域新的实验室诊断方法逐渐受到重视,本文旨在通过对肺炎链球菌的病原学、黏附和侵袭方式、毒力因子以及现有实验室诊断方法和防治手段进行分析,从而为深入理解肺炎链球菌以及寻找有效的防治措施提供参考。