Gunshot injury of the spinal cord

108 pigs were shot at the level of lumbar 1 to investigate the changes of spinal cord in relation to the speed of shooting and the trajectory through which the bullet passed. The cord lesions of the specimens could be divided, according to its severity, into 4 grades: (1) transection in 41; (2) complete destruction in 43; both lesion 1&2 resulted in permanent paraplegia; (3) incomplete destruction in 13, those resulted in incomplete paraplegia eventually recovered; (4) mild damage, that was concussion in 11, resumed perfectly. Through a transducer sealed into the spinal canal, the intracanal pressure was recorded: (1) Shooting through spinal canal with a pressure over 5 kg caused cord transection. (2) shooting through canal wall with a pressure of 2.5 to 5; 0 kg caused complete cord destruction. (3) shooting nearby the outer margin of vertebra with a pressure less than 1.0 kg caused mild cord damage. It was found that the speed of bullet, the trajectory with relation to cord and the grade of cord lesion are in agreement with each other. The mutual effects among them would make one think it reasonable to classify cord injury as follows: 1. Injury from bullet through spinal canal or vertebral body usually causes cord transaction; 2. Injury from bullet through canal wall at high speed would make a chance of complete destruction in 94%; at low speed, a chance of either complete or incomplete lesion in 50% each. 3. Injury nearby vertebra, high speed bullet would cause a chance of complete cord lesion in 86%; low speed one would make a chance of incomplete lesion in 1/3 and mild lesion in 2/3.     

Effect of Salvia miltiorrhiza on the left ventricular diastolic function in coronary artery stenosis

In 24 open-chest mongrel dogs, coronary artery critical stenosis were produced by a micrometer constriction on left circumflex coronary artery. It was reduction about 87% in lumen area. CBF, -Vce, -dp/dt max were decreased, T was increased (P less than 0.01). 15 minutes after stenosis, the Salvia miltiorrhiza injection was injected into left atrium. CBF, -dp/dt max, -Vce were increased and T was decreased after the injection of Salvia miltiorrhiza. Moreover, the change of CBF was the earliest. The results proved that the Salvia miltiorrhiza could improve the left ventricular diastolic function in coronary artery stenosis.     

APPLICATION OF ACUPOINT-INJECTION THERAPY TO PAIN SYNDROME: CLINICAL ANALYSIS OF 250 CASES

In this paper,250 cases of headache,shoulder pain,lumbago and leg pain weretreated with 20％Angelicae Sinensis mixed with Vitamine B_(12) point-injection therapy.The total effective rate was 95.2％and in which the cure rate was 53.6％.Authors have found a close correlation between the effectiveness and the duration of disease.     

护理服务质量的感知与期望分析

护理服务质量是一个多维的评价指标。它即有质量部分(技术性、定量),又有非质量部分(功能性、定性),前者是指护理专业的技术水平以及护理工作结果的服务质量,后者是指服务过程的质量,因此护理服务质量不仅取决于医院护理者提供的技术性、定量的技术质量,而且还取决于病人在护理服务过程中感知与期望之间的对比。病人在住院之前对医院护理服务的质量有一个期望,接受了护理服务之后就有了感知,如果病人感知到的护理服务符合期望的护理服务,就会感到满意,如果病人感知到的护理服务高于期望的护理服务,就会感到欣喜,这就是优质护理服务,如果感知…     

Interleukin-1 and cancer progression: the emerging role of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist as a novel therapeutic agent in cancer treatment

The tumor microenvironment consists of tumor, immune, stromal, and inflammatory cells which produce cytokines, growth factors, and adhesion molecules that promote tumor progression and metastasis. Of particular interest in this setting is interleukin-1 (IL-1), a pleiotropic cytokine with numerous roles in both physiological and pathological states. It is known to be up regulated in many tumor types and has been implicated as a factor in tumor progression via the expression of metastatic and angiogenic genes and growth factors. A number of studies have reported that high IL-1 concentrations within the tumor microenvironment are associated with a more virulent tumor phenotype. Solid tumors in which IL-1 has been shown to be up regulated include breast, colon, lung, head and neck cancers, and melanomas, and patients with IL-1 producing tumors have generally bad prognoses. The exact mechanisms by which IL-1 promotes tumor growth remain unclear, though the protein is believed to act via induction of pro-metastatic genes such as matrix metalloproteinases and through the stimulation of adjacent cells to produce angiogenic proteins and growth factors such as VEGF, IL-8, IL-6, TNFα, and TGFβ. The IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) is a naturally occurring inhibitor to IL-1 and acts by binding to the IL-1 receptor without activating it. The protein has been shown to decrease tumor growth, angiogenesis, and metastases in murine xenograft models. Our focus in this review is to summarize the known data on the role of IL-1 in tumor progression and metastasis and the use of IL-1 inhibition as a novel therapeutic approach in the treatment of solid organ malignancies.     

Adenosine''s role in the genesis of bradyarrhythmias induced by acute myocardial hypoxia.

A close or even causal relation between myocardial adenosine and bradyarrhythmias during acute myocardial hypoxia was testified in guinea pig, rabbit and dog mainly by using specific competitive antagonist and synchronous quantitative analysis of 3 variables: intensity of myocardial hypoxia, degree of endogenous adenosine increment and severity of bradyarrhythmias. Results disclosed: A) striking resemblance of the bradyarrhythmias with hypoxic origin to those caused by exogenous adenosine, B) same locality of A-V conduction block induced by both myocardial hypoxia and exogenous adenosine, C) precise parallelism among the above-listed 3 variables with very high correlativity (r = 0.99, P < 0.01), D) frequent accompaniment of reversal of hypoxic bradyarrhythmias through resupply of 21% O2 with normalization of preexisted increase in myocardial adenosine, E) satisfactory blockade of hypoxic bradyarrhythmias by adenosine's specific antagonist--aminophylline and their augmentation by adenosine's uptake inhibitor--dipyridamole, F) close similarity of the characteristic curve representing relation among the above 3 variables to that among intensity of myocardial hypoxia, degree of endogenous adenosine increment and amount of coronary blood flow in which adenosine's role as a mediator has been well documented and G) reproducible persistence of bradyarrhythmias during myocardial hypoxia irrespective of preliminary vagotomy and atropinization, denoting independence of the occurrence of such dysarrhythmias upon vagal drive, suggestive of a mechanism other than vagotonia. We advocated that hypoxia-induced bradyarrhythmias was caused by increment in endogenous adenosine.

     

A cloned antigen for serological diagnosis of Wuchereria bancrofti microfilaremia with daytime blood samples.

By differentially screening an adult Brugia malayi cDNA library with sera from microfilaremic and amicrofilaremic donors infected with Wuchereria bancrofti, we have identified a novel parasite antigen denoted SXP-1. Recombinant SXP-1 filarial antigen is preferentially recognized by sera from microfilaremic persons with bancroftian filariasis and from skin snip-positive patients with onchocerciasis. Antibodies to SXP-1 are restricted to the IgG4 subclass and gradually decline after treatment with diethylcarbamazine. These findings indicate that it may be possible to replace microscopic examination of night blood films with a serological test designed to detect antibodies to a mix of SXP-1 and other suitable antigens for the diagnosis of microfilaremia due to bancroftian filariasis.     

Toluene vapor exposure and urinary excretion of hippuric acid among workers in China.

A factory survey was conducted in three provinces in China from 1985 to 1989. The time-weighted average toluene concentrations in breathing zone air were monitored by diffusive sampling, whereas hippuric acid (HA) concentrations in shift-end urine samples were measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Exposed workers (456 men and women) were those for whom toluene (up to 548 ppm toluene) accounted for greater than or equal to 90% of total exposure (by vapor concentration in ppm), whereas 517 nonexposed controls were recruited from the same factories or from factories of the same region. There was a linear correlation between the intensity of toluene exposure and HA concentration in the shift-end urine. Comparison of the results with findings in the literature shows that the toluene-induced increase in urinary HA concentration among workers in China is significantly smaller than the published values, whereas HA concentrations in urine samples from nonexposed controls are comparable to the levels previously reported.