盲人智能探路手杖的研究

本文介绍了盲人智能探路手杖的研究.该系统由单片机控制,采用两只超声波传感器的探测模式,对盲人行进路上的路况进行探测和分析,并针对不同的路况发出相应的提示信息,以达到辅助盲人安全行走的目的.     

Aperture modulated arc therapy

We show that it is possible to translate an intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) treatment plan and deliver it as a single arc. This technique is referred to in this paper as aperture modulation arc therapy (AMAT). During this arc, the MLC leaves do not conform to the projection of the target PTV and the machine output of the accelerator has a constant value. Dose was calculated using the CORVUS 4.0 IMRT system, which uses a pencil beam dose algorithm, and treatments were delivered using a Varian 2100C/D Clinac. Results are presented for a head and neck and a prostate case, showing the equivalence of the IMRT and the translated AMAT delivery. For a prostate AMAT delivery, coronal plane film dose for the IMRT and AMAT deliveries agreed within 7.19 +/- 6.62%. For a meningioma the coronal plane dose distributions were similar to a value of 4.6 +/- 6.62%. Dose to the isocentre was measured as being within 2% of the planned value in both cases.     

Glycoconjugate metabolism in a cystic fibrosis knockout mouse model

Cystic fibrosis knockout mice (cftr(-/-)) die prematurely of obstruction of the intestine which may result from accumulation of dehydrated glycoconjugate-containing mucus. We noted an increase in the specific activity of [(14)C]glucosamine-labeled high-molecular weight glycoconjugates, probably mucin, in the lumen of the intestine of cftr(-/-) (homozygous) mice compared to cftr(+/+) (wild-type) and cftr(+/-) (heterozygous) mice and a decrease in the turnover of glycoconjugates of several organs of the cftr(-/-) mice. No difference in the anionic composition of secreted intestinal glycoconjugates was detected and no difference in the amount of mucin 1 (Muc1) was found in the small intestine, colon, pancreas, and lungs of the different genotypes. In addition, the spleen of the cftr(-/-) mice was significantly smaller than that of control mice and the small intestine and colon were, respectively, longer and shorter compared to control mice. These results indicate modified glycoconjugate metabolism in cystic fibrosis knockout mice and morphologic changes to the spleen and intestine where the latter modifications are possibly related to the intestinal malabsorption associated with cystic fibrosis.     

Some opinions on byssinosis in China

On the basis of some study results in China and reports from abroad, a conclusion should be drawn that leads to the recognition of a pneumoconiosis-like lesion of interstitial fibrosis. This disease is called "cotton pneumoconiosis" and we may classify these occupational lesions into four types: 1) byssinosis; 2) chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); 3) cotton fever; and 4) cotton pneumoconiosis. Byssinosis, COPD, cotton fever and cotton pneumoconiosis may be different types of responses due to the different duration of exposure, the different parts of bronchial tree (upper respiratory tract, small airway, and respiratory part) where deposition occurs, and the different components of cotton dust (broken cotton fibers, bracts, pericarps, bacteria, and fungi). These responses, which include histaminelike reaction, allergy, and stimulation of foreign material, happen in different symptoms of the syndrome among cotton mill workers. But no matter whether responses caused by inhalation of dust are inflammation or allergic reaction, cotton dust is foreign stimulation on deposited sites, causing lung fibrosis after lung stimulation. For the health of cotton workers, we must pay attention not only to the acute effects but also to the chronic lesions. We therefore suggest that these four types of occupational lung disorders caused by inhalation of cotton dust may be called by the joint name, "Byssinosis syndrome."     

基于UPLC-Q-TOF-MS的建昌帮砂仁陈皮制熟地黄适宜炮制时间分析

目的：研究建昌帮砂仁陈皮制熟地黄炮制过程中差异代谢物和苷类分解产物还原糖的相对含量变化,为揭示该特色品种的炮制原理奠定基础。方法：以建昌帮砂仁陈皮制熟地黄的0～54 h炮制过程样品为研究对象,运用超高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱法（UPLC-Q-TOF-MS）检测其次级代谢产物,以0.1%甲酸水溶液（A）-乙腈（B）为流动相进行梯度洗脱（0～1 min,1%～3%B;1～10 min,3%～9%B;10～15 min,9%～12%B;15～22 min,12%～18%B;22～31 min,18%～24%B;31～35 min,24%～100%B;35～36 min,100%～5%B;36～40 min,5%～1%B;40～45 min,1%B）,柱温40℃,进样量3μL,流速0.3 mL·min-1;运用电喷雾离子源（ESI）,在负离子模式下进行扫描并采集MS数据,扫描范围m/z 50～1 250,利用PeakView 1.2进行数据分析,结合文献信息及化学成分数据库对砂仁陈皮制熟地黄化学成分进行鉴定;MS数据通过MarkerView 1.2归一化处理后应用多元统计分析方法找出差...     

治疗儿童呼吸系统疾病中成药的临床研究证据的概况性综述

目的：该研究使用概况性综述的方法,对治疗儿童呼吸系统疾病的中成药说明书信息及临床研究证据进行全面分析总结并报告。方法：通过检索2021年版《国家基本医疗保险、工商保险和生育保险药品目录》、2018年版《国家基本药物目录》、2020年版《中华人民共和国药典》（一部）,三大药品目录,获得治疗儿童呼吸系统疾病中成药;再检索中英文数据库获得相关文献,最后进行数据统计与可视化分析。结果：经筛选分析后,共纳入中成药52种。涉及9种剂型;主要组成为黄芩、苦杏仁、连翘等;功效以清热解表、止咳化痰等为主;主要治疗小儿风热感冒、咳嗽等;药物不良反应与禁忌证均只有19.23%(10/52)的中成药给与说明,其余均为尚不明确。纳入文献279篇,其中中文核心期刊文献277篇,英文科学引文索引扩展版（SCIE）2篇,包括随机对照研究253篇（含剂型/剂量比较6篇）、基于医院管理信息系统（HIS）数据的回顾性分析11篇、病例系列1篇、系统评价与Meta分析13篇（含网状Meta分析2篇）、经济学评价1篇。72.76%(203/279)的研究发表在中国科技核心期刊上;文献只涉及33种中成药,关于小儿肺热咳喘口服液的研...     

PDCA及RCA在医院VTE防治精细化管理中的应用

该院将PDCA循环、根因分析这两个管理工具引入医院静脉血栓栓塞症(VTE)的精细化管理中,形成了以质控科为圆心,围绕圆心的一环为VTE防治管理委员会及VTE快速反应团队、二环为临床科室VTE防治管理小组的同心圆模式的管理体系.以回顾性分析1例医院相关性VTE事件的发生为例,剖析环节中尚存在的缺陷,进行多方位自我检查,健全了医院VTE管理体系,显著提升了全院VTE评估合格率、预防措施实施率,降低了医院相关性VTE发生率、致死性PTE发生率.     

健脾清热中药治疗Ⅰ型幽门螺杆菌相关性胃炎的研究

目的　研究健脾清热中药对Ⅰ型幽门螺杆菌相关性胃炎的疗效。方法　 10 0例Ⅰ型幽门螺杆菌感染的慢性胃炎患者随机分成 2组。研究组 (A组 ) 5 0例 ,服用健脾清热中药 (汤剂 ) 5 0ml 3 日 ,雷尼替丁 15 0mg 2 日 ;对照组(B组 ) 5 0例 ,口服甲硝唑 40 0mg 2 日 ,阿莫西林 10 0 0mg 2 日 ,雷尼替丁 15 0mg2 日 ,疗程均为 2周。停药 4周后给予1 4　C -UBT试验。结果　临床症状缓解率A组高于B组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,HP的根除率两组间不存在显著差异 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,而A组产生的治疗副作用少。结论　健脾清热中药外加雷尼替丁是一种根除Ⅰ型幽门螺杆菌和缓解慢性胃炎症状的有效组合。     

两种环磷酰胺冲击方案对狼疮性肾炎的疗效和肿瘤坏死因子的影响

目的：探讨大剂量环磷酰胺静脉冲击治疗狼疮性肾炎（LN）的合理方案及对肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）水平的影响,方法：将51例LN患者分为A,B两组,分别给予2周（A组）和4周（B组）一次环磷酰胺静脉冲击治疗（IV－CYC）,每次用量0．5－1．0g/m2,同时口服强的松1mg.kg^-1.d^-1。用ELISA双抗体夹心法检测LN患者血清和尿TNF水平。结果：A组病情缓解率显著高于B组（P＜0．05）,活动期LN患者血清和尿TNF水平显著高于稳定期,轻度肾功不全患者血清TNF水平显著高于肾功正常者（P＜0．05）,结论：IV－CYC加强的松治疗能显著降低LN患者TNF水平且2周方案优于4周方案,治疗中应根据病情,外周白细胞数和肾功能调整,重症和急进期LN每2周1次,病情轻者可每4周1次,血清和尿TNF的变化有助于监测狼疮活动和肾损害程度。     

肥大心肌磷脂酶C的活性变化及卡托普利对其影响

目的 :探讨肾性高血压所致肥大心肌组织磷脂酶C(PLC)活性改变在心肌肥大发生发展中的作用。方法 :制作两肾一夹 (two kindneyoneclip ,2KIC)高血压动物模型 ,以未进行两肾一夹者为假手术组。观察术后 1周、2周、4周和 8周时动脉血压 ,心肌肥大指数 ,心肌ACE活性及PLC活性的变化 ;术后 4周给予卡托普利 (captopril) ,观察 8周时动物的动脉血压 ,心肌肥大指数 ,心肌ACE活性及PLC活性的变化。结果 :术后 2周开始发生高血压与心肌肥大 ,心肌ACE活性于术后 2周、4周、8周显著增高 ;PLC活性于术后 2周、4周、8周分别增高 6 4 6 5 % (P<0 0 5 )、81 5 3 % (P <0 0 5 )、97 2 2 % (P <0 0 1) ,术后 4周给予captopril ,至 8周动脉血压、心肌肥大指数、心肌ACE活性及PLC活性均回降至假手术组水平。结论 :肾性高血压所致肥大心肌组织磷脂酰肌醇特异性PLC活性升高 ,AngⅡ可能通过活化的PLC参与心肌肥大的发生过程