欧姆龙 HEM-770A型电子血压计的检测方法

本文介绍了欧姆龙 HEM-770A型电子血压计的实用检测方法及专用插头.     

芪丹颗粒剂治疗肺间质纤维化105例临床研究

目的:观察芪丹颗粒剂对肺间质纤维化患者的临床疗效.方法:选择105例肺间质纤维化患者作为治疗组,给予芪丹颗粒剂,对照组60例,给予强的松0.5mg/kg,两组疗程均为3～6个月,每1～3个月随诊1次.观察两组患者治疗后的症状、体征、肺部高分辨率CT(HRCT)及肺功能变化.结果:治疗6个月后,治疗组症状、体征改善率优于对照组(P＜0.05或P＜0.01);治疗组治疗3个月和6个月后,肺HRCT和肺功能改善率优于对照组(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).结论:芪丹颗粒剂可以不同程度地改善肺间质纤维化患者症状和体征,使患者肺功能停止恶化,且用药期间未见任何副作用,耐受性良好.     

高效液相色谱法测定益肾健骨片中齐墩果酸的含量

目的：建立HPLC测定益肾健骨片中齐墩果酸含量的方法。方法：色谱条件为：C18柱，流动相为乙腈-0．1％磷酸(67：33)，UV检测波长为210am。结果：此方法线性关系良好，平均加样回收率为97．25％(n=6)。结论：该方法分离良好，结果准确可靠。     

Different classes of antibiotics exhibit disparate negative impacts on the therapeutic efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients

It has been reported that antibiotics (ATBs) have adverse effect on the efficacy of treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in cancer patients. Since different classes of ATBs have different antibacterial spectrum, we aimed to study whether all ATBs had similar or different negative effects on the clinical outcomes of ICIs in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Patients with advanced NSCLC who received ICIs were included in this retrospective study and grouped by the class of ATBs they had used around the ICIs treatment time. The overall survival (OS) and the progression free survival (PFS) of patients among these groups were compared using Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards model. A total of 148 eligible patients were enrolled, and 80 patients used ATBs. The results indicated that quinolones had no significant negative consequence on the clinical outcomes, while β-lactams significantly shortened the OS and PFS of patients. Furthermore, patients exposed to the combination of β-lactams and quinolones suffered the worst OS and PFS. Moreover, the subgroup analysis of β-lactams revealed that only penicillins, but not carbapenems and cephalosporins, markedly reduced both OS and PFS. In addition to the class of ATBs used, the time frame of ATBs used also affected the clinical outcomes of ICIs therapy. Patients receiving ATBs within 60 days prior to and 30 days after the initiation of ICI treatment had significantly shorter OS and PFS compared with those who did not use ATBs. This study demonstrated that different classes of ATBs had disparate negative impacts on the clinical outcomes, and the use of β-lactams, especially penicillins, should be avoided in advanced NSCLC patients who are receiving or scheduled to receive ICIs within 60 days.     

"术前体质辨证、术后快速整体康复" 模式在剖宫产的临床应用

[目的] 观察并验证在"术前体质辨证、术后快速整体康复"理念模式的指导下,运用中医活血祛瘀、健旺脾胃、固本培元等方法,促进剖宫产术后伤口愈合和整体康复,从而提高术后生活质量,达到快速整体康复为目的的临床疗效.[方法] 以2000 年1月至2005年12月符合入选标准的产妇 5500 例作为对照组,以2006年1月至2007年8月符合入选标准的产妇2 300例作为治疗组.治疗组根据产前体质辨证,产后以中药体质调理并配合耳针、穴位贴敷、穴位注射等综合疗法治疗.对照组围手术期使用抗生素预防感染,并配合能量合剂、维生素等支持疗法.观察两组产妇术后伤口感染和伤口疼痛评分、胃肠道反应、术后胃肠道排气排便时间、泌乳情况、宫底下降高度、产后24 h出血量以及血常规中白细胞计数等指标.[结果] 治疗组术后在伤口疼痛评分、伤口感染及胃肠道反应方面均较对照组明显减轻,排气排便时间提早,泌乳增加,与对照组比较,差异均有显著性意义(P<0.05).[结论]"术前体质辨证、术后快速整体康复"模式在剖宫产中的应用,可使产妇顺利、快速地度过产后康复全过程.     

Use of Ilizarov Device to Gain Early Range of Motion in the Treatment of Pediatric Talus Body Fractures: A Series of Four Cases and Literature Review

BackgroundTalus fractures are rare in children but can lead to severe outcomes if untreated. The Ilizarov external fixator has been used in the treatment of a variety of lower extremity pathologies. The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical outcomes of talus body fractures treated with the Ilizarov external fixator.Case PresentationFour male pediatric patients (age range, 5–11 years) with talus body fractures who were treated by open reduction and internal fixation combined with Ilizarov external fixator between November 2015 and April 2016 were reviewed. Mean follow‐up period was 4 years (range, 4–5). Clinical outcome was evaluated using the clinical rating scale of the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS). All four patients achieved good to excellent results at the last follow‐up. None of the patients developed avascular necrosis. One patient developed automatic fusion of tibiotalar joint.ConclusionUse of the Ilizarov external fixator to gain early range of motion is a valuable option for treatment of talus body fractures in children.     

Ferric citrate for the treatment of hyperphosphatemia and anemia in patients with chronic kidney disease: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials

BackgroundHyperphosphatemia and anemia, which are common complications of chronic kidney disease (CKD), can independently contribute to cardiovascular events. Several previous studies have found that the iron-based phosphate binder, ferric citrate (FC), could be beneficial to both hyperphosphatemia and anemia.MethodsRelevant literature from PUBMED, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CCRCT) and MEDLINE databases were searched up to 21 February 2022, in order to conduct a meta-analysis to investigate the efficacy, safety and economic benefits of ferric citrate treatment in CKD patients with hyperphosphatemia and anemia. The meta-analysis was conducted independently by two reviewers using the RevMan software (version 5.3).ResultsIn total, this study included 16 randomized clinical trials (RCT) involving 1754 participants. The meta-analysis showed that ferric citrate could significantly reduce the serum phosphorus in CKD patients compared to the placebo control groups (MD −1.76 mg/dL, 95% CI (−2.78, −0.75); p = 0.0007). In contrast, the difference between ferric citrate treatment and active controls, such as non-iron-based phosphate binders, sevelamer, calcium carbonate, lanthanum carbonate and sodium ferrous citrate, was not statistically significant (MD − 0.09 mg/dL, 95% CI (−0.35, 0.17); p = 0.51). However, ferric citrate could effectively improve hemoglobin levels when compared to the active drug (MD 0.43 g/dL, 95% CI (0.04, 0.82); p = 0.03) and placebo groups (MD 0.39 g/dL, 95% CI (0.04, 0.73); p = 0.03). According to eight studies, ferric citrate was found to be cost-effective treatment in comparison to control drugs. Most of the adverse events (AE) following ferric citrate treatment were mild at most.ConclusionCollectively, our review suggests that iron-based phosphate binder, ferric citrate is an effective and safe treatment option for CKD patients with hyperphosphatemia and anemia. More importantly, this alternative treatment may also less expensive. Nevertheless, more scientific studies are warranted to validate our findings.     

胸主动脉腔内修复术采用裙边型烟囱支架（Longuette™）的PATENCY临床试验研究结果

背景与目的 烟囱技术是胸主动脉腔内修复术（TEVAR）中重建左锁骨下动脉（LSA）的方法,Ⅰa型内漏是其主要并发症。裙边型烟囱支架（Longuette?）专为烟囱技术设计,用于重建LSA时降低Ⅰa型内漏。为评估Longuette?烟囱支架联合TEVAR治疗累及LSA的Stanford B型主动脉夹层（TBAD）的疗效,笔者开展了前瞻性、多中心临床试验（PATENCY临床试验）。本研究总结PATENCY临床试验的1年结果和经验。方法 2018年10月—2022年3月,全国26家血管外科中心参与PATENCY临床试验,共纳入150例符合标准的TBAD患者。所有患者均在TEVAR术中采用Longuette?烟囱支架重建LSA。评估患者围手术期和术后12个月的临床效果和不良事件,并分析患者术后1年累积生存率、LSA通畅率和无内漏率。结果 患者年龄30~77岁,平均（54.48±11.12）岁,138例（92.0%）患者合并高血压病;急性、亚急性和慢性TBAD分别占74.7%,17.3%和8.0%。124例（82.7%）患者采用全身麻醉。手术成功率为99.33%（149/150）,手术时间（91.67±41.47）min,X线暴露时间（31.36±16.71）min,手术出血量为（71.55±60.40）mL。围手术期内漏发生率为5.33%（8/150）,包括Ⅰ型6例、Ⅱ型1例、Ⅳ型1例;1例（0.67%）患者发生Longuette?烟囱支架急性闭塞,再次实施腔内手术后恢复通畅;1例（0.67%）患者术后发生急性脑梗死;2例（1.33%）患者术后发生逆撕的Stanford A型主动脉夹层,其中1例术后3周死亡。术后30 d死亡2例（1.33%）。142例患者进行了密切随访,随访时间为11.67（5~16）个月。无主动脉支架和Longuette?烟囱支架移位。2例Ⅰ型内漏患者分别于术后6个月和1年进行了再次介入栓塞手术治疗,术后1年随访仍有6例患者有轻微的内漏持续存在,患者TBAD假腔保持稳定,无明显症状,均予以保守治疗。Longuette?烟囱支架内狭窄和闭塞分别发生1例和2例,逆撕的Stanford A型主动脉夹层患者1例,假腔增大,患者均无明显症状,予以保守治疗。无发生脑卒中、截瘫、左上肢缺血等并发症。术后12个月累积生存率、LSA通畅率、无内漏率分别为97.96%、97.96%和91.91%。结论 采用Longuette?烟囱支架在TBAD腔内治疗中重建LSA简便、安全、有效,其能够有效降低围手术期Ⅰa型内漏的发生率,为微创治疗主动脉弓部病变提供新的治疗方式。     

A hybrid composite of H2V3O8 and graphene for aqueous lithium-ion batteries with enhanced electrochemical performance

Aqueous rechargeable lithium-ion batteries (ARLBs) are regarded as a competitive challenger for large-scale energy storage systems because of their high safety, modest cost, and green nature. A kind of modified composite material composed of H₂V₃O₈ nanorods and graphene sheets (HVO/G) has been effectively made by a one-step hydrothermal method and following calcination at 523 K. XRD, SEM, TEM, and TG are used to determine the phase structures and morphologies of the composite materials. Owing to the advantage of the layered structure of H₂V₃O₈ nanorods, the excellent conductivity of the graphene sheets, and the 3D network structure of the modified composite, the ARLBs with HVO/G can deliver an adequate specific capacity of 271 mA h g⁻¹ at 200 mA g⁻¹ and have a retention rate of 73.4% after 50 cycles. The average discharge capacity of ARLB with HVO/G as anode has a considerable improvement over that of HVO/CNTs and HVO, whatever the current rate used. Moreover, we find that the diffusion coefficient of lithium-ion increases by an order of magnitude through the theoretical calculation for HVO/G ARLB. The new ARLB with HVO/G electrode is a potential energy storage system with great advantages, such as simple preparation, easy assembly process, excellent safety and low-cost environmental protection.

Aqueous rechargeable lithium-ion batteries (ARLBs) are regarded as a competitive challenger for large-scale energy storage systems because of their high safety, modest cost, and green nature.     

不同浓度和剂量3种示踪剂应用于甲状腺前哨淋巴结活检的实验研究

目的:通过应用不同浓度和剂量的异硫蓝(IB)、专利蓝(PB)及美蓝(MB)于兔甲状腺,观察其在兔甲状腺前哨淋巴结(SLN)活检中的作用,为甲状腺癌患者SLN活检示踪剂的选择提供实验依据。方法:36只成年兔随机分为9组,每组4只。分别将1%-0.01ml,1%-0.02ml,2%-0.02ml的IB、PB、MB注入各组兔甲状腺左右叶,观察SLN的染色枚数,显色时间及明显、完全褪色时间。结果:9组实验中每侧兔颈部检出的SLN在1～3枚之间,9组间差异无统计学意义。9组实验中,SLN平均显色时间最短为2%MB0.02ml组,6.3s;平均明显褪色时间最长为2%MB0.02ml组,28.2min;1%MB0.02ml组与2%MB0.02ml组观察至40min后染色SLN仍可辨别。结论:2%MB0.02ml注射时,SLN染色较深,显色较快,褪色时间较长,为甲状腺SLN活检应用较佳的示踪剂。