Effect of stretch on calcium channel currents recorded from the antral circular myocytes of guinea-pig stomach

The effect of membrane stretch on voltage-activated Ba²⁺ current (I _Ba) was studied in antral circular myocytes of guinea-pig using the whole- cell patch-clamp technique. The changes in cell volume were elicited by superfusing the myocytes with anisosmotic solutions. Hyposmotic superfusate (202 mosmol/l) induced cell swelling and increased peak values of I _Ba at 0 mV (from −406.6 ± 45.5 pA to −547.5 ± 65.6 pA, mean ± SEM, n = 8) and hyperosmotic superfusate (350 mosmol/l) induced cell shrinkage and decreased peak values of I _Ba at 0 mV (to −269.5 ± 39.1 pA, n = 8). Such changes were reversible and the extent of change was dependent on the osmolarity of superfusate. The values of normalized I _Ba at 0 mV were 1.43 ± 0.04, 1.30 ± 0.06, 1.23 ± 0.04, 1.19 ± 0.04, 1 and 0.68 ± 0.06 at 202, 220, 245, 267, 290 and 350 mosmol/l, respectively (n = 8). I _Ba was almost completely blocked by nicardipine (5 μM) under hyposmotic conditions. The values of steady-state half-inactivation voltage (−37.7 ± 3.3 and −36.5 ± 2.6 mV, under control and hyposmotic conditions, respectively) or the half-activation voltage (−13.6 ± 2.3 and −13.9 ± 1.9 mV) of I _Ba were not significantly changed (P > 0.05, n = 6). Cell membrane capacitance was slightly increased from 50.00 ± 2.86 pF to 50.22 ± 2.82 pF by a hyposmotic superfusate (P < 0.05, n = 6). It is suggested that cell swelling increases voltage-operated L-type calcium channel current and that such a property is related to the response of gastric smooth muscle to mechanical stimuli. Received: 14 November 1995/Received after revision and accepted: 8 January 1996     

抗人B因子单克隆抗体的制备及其特性的初步研究

本文以人B因子免疫BALB/c小鼠的脾细胞与SP2/O骨髓瘤细胞融合,获得六株(A_2、B_2、B_7、C_9、F_9、F_(10))分泌抗人B因子单克隆抗体(单抗)的杂交瘤细胞系。用ELISA检测细胞培养上清和小鼠腹水的特异性抗体效价,分别为10~(-2)—10~(-3)和10~(-4)—10~(-5)。抗原阻断试验结果,说明这些单抗是B因子特异的。经取代试验和ACH_(50)抑制试验,提示B因子具有耐热和不耐热二组抗原决定基。A_2和B_2针对不耐热抗原决定基,能抑制补体旁路途径活化;B_7和C_9针对耐热抗原决定基,不影响补体旁路途径活化;F_9和F_(10)则既能与耐热决定基发生反应,也具有抑制补体旁路活化的功能。用固相抗原竞争抑制试验,分析B因子的抗原表位,发现6株单抗可识别4个抗原决定基。这些单抗对B因子结构与功能的研究,B因子在补体旁路活化过程中与有关补体成分之间的相互关系的研究,都是很有意义的。     

介入用聚氨酯材料的血液相容性研究

介入导管优良的血液相容性是确保血管内介入技术安全可靠进行的重要因素，我们对自己合成的四种介入导管用聚氨酯材料的血液相容性进行了评价，包括溶血试验、血小板黏试验、动态凝血时间试验和动态血栓形成实验。结果表明，其中的H50-100和H60-100具有优良的血液相容性，完全可以用作介入导管材料。此外，还讨论了聚氨酯结构与血液相容性的关系。     

Effect of aging on neuroglobin expression in rodent brain

Neuroglobin (Ngb), a recently discovered O2-binding heme protein related to hemoglobin and myoglobin, protects neurons from hypoxic-ischemic injury in vitro and in vivo. In immunostained mouse brain sections, we found widespread expression of Ngb protein in neurons, but not astrocytes, of several brain regions that are prominently involved in age-related neurodegenerative disorders. Western blots from young adult (3 month), middle-aged (12 month), and aged (24 month) rats showed an age-related decline in Ngb expression in cerebral neocortex, hippocampus, caudate-putamen, and cerebellum. Loss of this neuroprotective protein may have a role in increasing susceptibility to age-related neurological disorders.     

Computer analysis system of blood oxygen saturation in an animal hypoxia model

An experimental animal hypoxia model has been developed. It consists of two sensors (an in vitro and in vivo model), an experimental device and a computer signal processing system. This method can easily be applied to determine and analyse blood oxygen saturation at various hypoxia levels. It can also be used to evaluate the accuracy of pulse oximetry over a wide range of oxyhemoglobin desaturation levels. The DC and AC components of recorded red and infra-red signals, the dual-wavelength ratio R₁₂ and the reading of a pulse oximeter (SpO₂) can be automatically calculated and displayed on a computer screen. Preliminary results of the animal hypoxia test indicate that the measurements made by the instrument correlate well with the oxygen saturation readings of the automatic blood gas analyser AVL945. The computer analysis system is suitable for repeated estimations in the animal model.     

Extracellular matrix activity and caveolae events contribute to cell surface receptor activation that leads to MAP kinase activation in response to UV irradiation in cultured human keratinocytes

Activation of cell surface components has been implicated in the activation of downstream signaling cascade in response to UV irradiation, and yet the identity and the interaction of those components have been scantly documented. Accumulating evidence indicates that caveolae encapsulating caveolins is the location for those interactions. We found in cultured human keratinocytes that UV irradiation induced both caveolin-1 and EGFR phosphorylation. Filipin, a caveolae disruptive agent, inhibited UV-induced caveolin-1 activation. Na+-K+-ATPase catalyzes active transport of Na+ and K+ across plasma membrane of mammalian cells, inactivation of which has recently been shown to be involved in the activation of signal transduction pathways including MAP kinase cascade. We found in this study that UV inactivated Na+-K+-ATPase in time-dependent manner, Na+-K+-ATPase activity started to decrease 5 min post UV irradiation and reduced to 60% of its original activity within 1 h. Pretreatment with Flipin and MMP inhibitor recovered Na+-K+-ATPase activity lost by UV irradiation. ECIS analysis indicated that both EGF treatment and UV irradiation increased membrane electric activity which was inhibited by MMP inhibitor and Filipin. Further study showed that pretreatment of human keratinocytes with MMP inhibitor or Filipin inhibited UV-induced phosphorylation of p38 and JNK, which was however not observed in LnCap cells, a prostate cancer cell line lacking caveolin-1. UV irradiation also induced ectodomain shedding of HB-EGF in a time-dependent manner in keratinocytes. Collectively, we conclude that UV-induced MAP kinase activation is mediated by cell surface receptor activation due to the matrix activity and membrane caveolae function and inactivation of Na+-K+-ATPase.     

Correlation of AIB1 overexpression with advanced clinical stage of human colorectal carcinoma

AIB1, a member of the steroid receptor coactivator 1 family, has been cloned on 20q12 and is a candidate oncogene in human breast cancer. It is commonly amplified and overexpressed in several types of human cancers. In this study, we examined the expression of AIB1, as related to clinicopathologic features, in 85 human colorectal cancers (CRCs). The status of the number of AIB1 copies, p53 expression, and DNA ploidy was also analyzed. The overexpression of AIB1 was detected in 35% of CRCs. Amplification of AIB1 was observed in 10% of CRCs. In addition, the overexpression of AIB1 was observed more frequently in CRCs in later clinical stages (T3 N1 M0/T3 N0 2M1), compared with that in T3 N0 M0 stage (P < .05). These results suggest that overexpression of AIB1 might provide a selective advantage for the developmental growth and/or progression of subsets of CRCs. In addition, a significant correlation (P < .05) of overexpression of AIB1 with p53 overexpression as well as with aneuploid DNA content was observed in these CRCs. The overexpression of p53 was also correlated significantly with CRC DNA ploidy (P < .05). Furthermore, there was a substantial population of CRCs showing overexpression of both AIB1 and p53 protein and all had aneuploid DNA content; most of these were in the later clinical stage. These findings suggest a possible convergence of AIB1 with a pathway involving p53, which might induce chromosomal instability and affect the clinical phenotype of a subset of CRCs.     

以HPLC法测定马来酸氯苯那敏含量的方法中马来酸峰及氯苯那敏峰定位的问题

目的：探讨在《国家药品标准化学药品地方标准上升国家标准》收载品种中采用HPLC方法测定马来酸氯苯那敏的含量时，所采集的HPLC图谱中，出现的马来酸峰与氯苯那敏峰保留位置如何确定的问题。方法：采用高效液相色谱法，色谱柱：Waters C18（4．6mm×150mm，5μm），江苏淮阴C18（4．6mm×250mm，5μm）；流动相：庚烷磺酸钠溶液（冰醋酸调pH值至3．3）-甲醇-乙腈（25：30：18）；检测波长262nm。结果：在本文收集的试验条件下所采集的色谱图中，马来酸氯苯那敏对照品均出现了前后两个峰，马来酸峰与氯苯那敏峰保留位置可能在不同的色谱条件下有明显变化。结论：色谱图中马来酸峰与氯苯那敏峰保留位置应加以确定，以防止对马来酸氯苯那敏对照品纯度产生疑虑。     

Recurrent genetic alterations in 26 colorectal carcinomas and 21 adenomas from Chinese patients

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. The incidence of CRC in the Chinese population has increased dramatically during the last two decades; however, nonrandom chromosomal alterations in Chinese patients have not been described. In the present study, comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) was applied to detect recurrent chromosome alterations in 26 primary colorectal carcinomas and 21 colorectal adenomas from Chinese patients. In CRC, several recurrent chromosomal changes were found, including gains of 8q (14/26 cases, 54%), 20q (54%), 3q (50%), 13q (50%), 5p (46%), 7p (42%), 7q (42%), and 12p (38%) and losses of 18q (65%) and 17p (42%). From comparison with previous CGH studies, the frequent gains of 3q and 12p might be distinctive occurrences in Chinese patients. The distribution of frequently found chromosomal alterations in different locations was studied. The gain of 20q was more frequently found in colon cancer (P<0.01) and the gain of 12p was more frequently found in rectal cancer. Chromosomal alterations were found in 19/21 of adenomas; the most frequent chromosomal alteration was the loss of 18q (9/21 cases, 43%). These recurrent alterations provide several starting points for the isolation of candidate oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes.