Simultaneous Construct Surface Microstructural and Internal Network-Like Conductive Pathways of Poly(l-lactic acid)/Carbon Nanomaterials Composite Foams

The poly(l -lactic acid) (PLLA)/carbon nanomaterials composite foams with hierarchical surface microstructural and internal conductive pathways are successfully prepared by a simple crystallization-assisted rapid phase separation (CARPS). The dimension and morphology of carbon nanomaterials can induce different crystallization forms to construct the hierarchical surface microstructure, and they are distributed on the phase interface of solvent and non-solvent to form conductive pathways. It is found that the heterogeneous nucleation of nanomaterials promotes a significant increase in crystallinity, and a stacked granular structure formed on the surface promotes the increase of the water contact angle to 148.7°. Foams with interconnecting pore structures contribute to the formation of 85.3% porosity and 12.33 g g⁻¹ oil absorption. Carbon nanomaterials are distributed on the pore walls of the porous foam, which converts the foam from an insulating material to a conducting polymer. Furthermore, the uniform distribution of nanomaterials significantly affects the thermal stability of the PLLA. In belief, the multifunctional biodegradable foam, prepared by a CARPS method, makes it promising for industrial production and has potential applications in electrical conductivity, oil-water separation, and many other fields.     

中药材“地区习惯用药”渐趋分化论

论述了中药材“地区习惯用药”的由来与含义,近现代和历史上的“地区习惯用药”的实例以及产生“地区习惯用药”的原因,随品种性质判明而渐趋分化等。最后提出应该积极研究,促其分化,按其本质分类处理的建议。     

The assessment of left ventricular filling dynamics using an online automatic border detection algorithm: comparison with cineventriculography

An echocardiographic system has been developed that performs automatic endocardial border detection and instantaneously calculates and displays a waveform of left ventricular cavity area versus time. The purpose of this study was to compare measurements of left ventricular filling dynamics from automatic border detection echocardiography with similar measurements from cineventriculography. Thirty-three patients undergoing cardiac catheterization had automatic border detection echocardiography performed within 45 minutes of cineventriculography. Ten patients had normal catheterization findings and 23 had cardiac disease. The automatic border detection waveforms generated from two echocardiographic views were measured to determine the fraction of filling occurring during the early diastolic rapid filling phase and during the filling phase resulting from atrial contraction. Similar fractions were derived from curves generated from frame-by-frame measurements of cineangiographic volumes. Results were analyzed by correlating echocardiographic and cineventriculographic results, and by a limits of agreement analysis (limits of agreement were +/- 2 standard deviations of the mean difference between echocardiography and cineventriculography). There were significant correlations between echocardiography and cineventriculography for each of the parameters studied. The best results were obtained for the apical four-chamber view (rapid filling fraction r = 0.72, P < 0.0001, atrial filling fraction r = 0.56, P < 0.001). Differences in filling patterns between normal and abnormal patient groups detected by cineventriculography were also detected by automatic border detection echocardiography. However, broad limits of agreement were observed, that may limit the ability of the automatic border detection system to reliably predict cineventriculographic results in an individual patient. Automatic border detection echocardiography can provide information about left ventricular filling dynamics that is similar to that obtained from frame-by-frame analysis of cineventriculograms. However, the variability in the results may limit the application of the technique in individual patients.     

深圳市一孩先天性残疾家庭的二孩同类病研究

本文对深圳市1990～1997年因独生子女先天残疾通过病残儿鉴定再生育二孩的家庭进行调查,并以同期通过鉴定的后天性残疾家庭为内对照,以农村地区一孩先天残疾未经病残儿鉴定生育二孩的家庭为外对照,了解其二孩先天残疾再发情况,尤其是同类病的再发情况,拟对独生子女病残儿医学鉴定和二胎生育指标的审批工作效果进行评价,为优生工作提供依据。研究结果表明,鉴定组一孩先天残疾家庭二孩先天残疾的患病率为5.81％,与广州市1986～1991年情况类似(5.9％),高于外省(辽宁1990～1992年为1.35％)。鉴定组二胎同类病发生率为2.8％,非鉴定组为4.55％,两组比较虽无统计学差异,但病种上却有不同,鉴定组为再发风险低的血友病、先天性共转性内斜视、脑萎缩,而非鉴定组为再发风险高的先天聋哑、进行性肌萎缩。提示病残儿鉴定工作颇有成效,避免了相当一部分遗传病家庭再次生育残疾儿,但某些环节有待进一步完善;对农村一胎先天残疾家庭生育二胎也必须纳入管理范围。     

福建省鼠伤寒沙门氏菌病原学特征变迁趋势

目的：了解福建省鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的病原学特征变迁情况。方法：采用噬菌体分型、质粒谱分析及耐药性测定的方法,对福建省１９８０～１９９５年１５年鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的病原学特征进行动态监测。结果：福建省鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的噬菌体流行型别存在明显的变迁与更迭;质粒谱型有逐渐增多且分散趋势;菌株耐药率逐年大幅度上升,耐药谱逐年迅速增宽,多重耐药菌株逐年急剧增多,耐药现象日趋严重。结论：噬菌体分型、质粒谱分析及耐药性测定是监测福建省鼠伤寒沙门氏菌病原学特征变迁趋势的有效方法。     

泉州市1993～1998年脊髓灰质炎强化免疫接种评价

目的了解泉州市从1993年底开始按卫生部统一部署相继开展了五次十轮消灭脊髓灰质炎强化免疫活动的免疫接种状况.方法收集各县上报的强化免疫资料统计数据.结果通过调查摸底,共登记应种儿童1 917 426名,其中零剂次免疫儿童90 077名,服苗人数达3 867 454次,每轮报告接种率均大于97%,抽查接种率也均大于95%.结论人群免疫水平进一步得到提高,已连续三年无野毒株引起的脊灰病例出现.     

Removal of strontium by the chelating agent acetylamino propylidene diphosphonic acid in rats

Studies of the effects of the chelating agent, calcium acetylamino propylidene diphosphonic acid (Ca-APDA), on the removal of radioactive strontium with two administration modalities were carried out in rats. The parenteral (intraperitoneal) administration of 150, 300, or 600 mg kg(-1) Ca-APDA was carried out for 3 d, 10 min after exposure of the animals to the strontium injection. On the first day post-treatment, the retention of strontium in the whole body decreased to 90.1%, 83.9%, and 35.1% that of the control level, respectively. The strontium deposited in femur of 600 mg kg(-1) Ca-APDA group was lowered to 28.4% of the control value. A single oral dose of 600 mg kg(-1) Ca-APDA administered simultaneously with, or 10 min after, oral administration of strontium, radionuclide retention in the whole body was reduced after 1 d to 42.9% and 31.9% of the control, respectively; meanwhile the strontium deposited in the femur was reduced to 16.9% and 29.3% of the control. In conclusion, the results indicate the efficacy of the new agent, Ca-APDA, to remove radioactive strontium from the body, or to inhibit the strontium intestinal absorption, in radio-strontium contaminated individuals.     

米索前列醇在计划分娩中的应用

目的：探讨米索前列醇在计划分娩中应用的价值。方法：将因各种产科指征而需实行计划分娩者66例,随机分为米索前列醇组和催产素组,然后观察其效果。结果：引产成功率,米索组为90．9％,催产素组为69．7％（P＜0．05）,有显著性差异。平均引产至临产时间,米素组为5．95小时,催产素组为11．6小时（P＜0.05）,有显著性差异。结论：米索前列醇能促进宫颈成熟,用于计划分娩是安全和有效的。     

河豚毒素对小鼠镇痛作用的实验研究

为探讨河豚毒素（ＴＴＸ）镇痛作用与剂量的效应关系,应用化学刺激和热刺激法研究了ＴＴＸ对小鼠的镇痛作用。结果表明,腹腔注射ＴＴＸ０．５、１、２μｇ／ｋｇ,小鼠扭体抑制率分别为２９．５７％、４３．４７％和７６．１２％;在小鼠甩尾试验中,ＴＴＸ１μｇ／ｋｇ腹腔给药后３０～６０ｍｉｎ镇痛作用明显,与对照组比较,Ｐ＜０．０１;２ｇ／ｋｇ剂量组给药后１５ｍｉｎ痛阈达高峰,９０ｍｉｎ内镇痛作用显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）,２ｈ内痛阈仍高于对照组;小鼠热板试验也显示随剂量增加镇痛作用加强,但总体敏感性较差,提示ＴＴＸ确有镇痛作用并有剂量－效应关系。     

Ⅱ型糖尿病并发心脏病危险因素的logistic回归分析

探讨Ⅱ型糖尿病并发心脏病的危险因素,用ｌｏｇｉｓｔｉｃ回归模型对糖尿病并发心脏病的危险因素进行分析,结果显示患者体重指数较大、心理评分较高、舒张压高及血脂高,其发生心脏病的风险增加;饮食评分较高,较好的控制饮食,其并发心脏病的风险较低。故较好的控制患者血压、血脂和饮食可以减少并发症的发生、延长患者的寿命 。