Physiologic comparison and validation of Stairobic stepping with bench stepping.

To compare the oxygen cost of submaximal exercise on the Stairobic stepping (SS) machine with bench stepping (BS), 12 healthy men and women (mean age 23 years) underwent six different five minute exercise bouts that were randomly assigned. Tests were conducted using standard open circuit calorimetry. SS at 40 and 60 st/min was equal to BS at 20 st/min and SS at 80 st/min was equal to BS at 30 st/min for VE and RER. VO2 was equal at 20 st/min (BS) and 60 st/min (SS), and 30 st/min (BS) and 80 st/min (SS). Stairobic MET (SM) displayed values over-estimated actual MET (AM) values at the two lowest SS rates and under-estimated the AM value at the highest SS rate. Forty-eight observations of the MET response of SS were conducted and analyzed (BMDP2R) in a forward stepping solution. The multiple regression equation calculated for AM was: AM = -0.567 + -0.012 (WT) + 0.063 (rate) + 0.612 (SM) with an adjusted R2 of 0.82 and a SEE of 0.90. The physiologic cost of BS was approximately equal to SS at two to three times the BS rate of stepping.     

143例孔源性视网膜脱离临床分析

本文分析了１４３例（１４７眼）孔源性视网膜脱离的一般临床资料、眼部情况、手术类型及治疗结果。本组出院时１３６眼痊愈（９２．５％）；随访２月至６年的４３眼中３４眼痊愈（７９．０％）。讨论了视网膜脱离的易发因素、术式选择、手术注意事项和预后。     

乌贼墨诱生小鼠细胞毒因子活性的检测

用乌贼墨处理小鼠后，采集血清。经体外细胞毒实验证明：乌贼墨诱生的血清对人和鼠的肿瘤细胞株均有不同程度的杀伤作用。这一结果提示：乌贼墨可能具有诱生内源性细胞毒因子产生的活性。     

大剂量卡铂化疗的药物毒性观察

6例肺癌患者接受了大剂量卡铂并自体骨髓移植治疗 ,卡铂剂量从 5 60～ 1375 mg/ m2 ,5例加用 VP～ 1630 0 mg,1例并用 MMC6mg和 VCR2 mg;主要毒性反应为白细胞、中性粒细胞、血小板减少和脱发 ( WHO毒性反应 ～ 级 )其次是贫血、皮肤粘膜出血、呕吐和可逆性肝功能损害 ,口腔粘膜溃疡及轻度发烧各 2例 ,一过性蛋白尿、室上性心动过速和便秘各 1例 ,尿素氮和肌酐未见升高 ;全部患者骨髓均获解救 ,从自体骨髓回输到骨髓造血功能重建成功平均 2 6.67( 17～ 32 )天     

Neuromuscular block with vecuronium reduces the rapidly extracted auditory evoked potentials index during steady state anesthesia

PURPOSE: During clinical monitoring, vecuronium appeared to reduce the rapidly extracted auditory evoked potentials index (A-line ARX index or AAI) to some extent. A prospective and randomized study was designed to analyze this phenomenon. METHODS: Forty adult patients undergoing elective surgery were studied. After tracheal intubation, anesthesia was maintained with an end-tidal isoflurane concentration (F(ET)ISO) of 1.0% for 20 min, then a 10-mL dose of either vecuronium 0.05 mg*kg(-1), 0.1 mg*kg(-1), 0.2 mg*kg(-1) or saline was administered in a randomized, double-blind design. The AAI and bispectral index (BI(hx)) were monitored throughout the study and analyzed off-line. RESULTS: BI(hx) was unaltered after the administration of saline or vecuronium. The mean of the averaged (per patient) AAI values recorded from two minutes to ten minutes after the administration of saline or vecuronium 0.05 mg*kg(-1) did not differ significantly from the corresponding mean recorded from 15 min to 20 min after F(ET)ISO maintained 1.0% (P = 0.678, 0.169), however after the administration of vecuronium 0.1 mg*kg(-1) or 0.2 mg*kg(-1), AAI was reduced from 18.3, 18.0 to 14.8, 13.4 (P = 0.016, 0.017). CONCLUSIONS: Neuromuscular block with vecuronium reduces AAI in patients during steady state anesthesia without surgical stimuli, while BI(hx) is unaltered. The cut-off values of AAI for events should be determined according to the level of neuromuscular blockade when monitoring the depth of anesthesia/sedation.     

Some sufficient conditions for global exponential stability of delayed Hopfield neural networks.

In this paper, we have derived some sufficient conditions for existence and uniqueness of equilibrium and global exponential stability in delayed Hopfield neural networks by using a different approach from the usually used one where the existence, uniqueness of equilibrium and stability are proved in two separate steps, rather we first prove global exponential convergence to 0 of the difference between any two solutions of the original neural networks, the existence and uniqueness of equilibrium is the direct results of this procedure. We obtain the conditions by suitable construction of Lyapunov functionals and estimation of derivates of the Lyapunov functionals by the well-known Young's inequality and Holder's inequality. The proposed conditions are related to p-norms of vector or matrix, p in [1, infinity] and thus unify and generalize some results in the literature.     

皮肤光老化皱纹形成机制及维A酸类药物的拮抗作用

日光中长波紫外线 (UVA)长期反复照射是户外工作者暴露部位皮肤光老化及相关皮肤肿瘤多发的重要因素 ,皱纹形成是皮肤光老化的最重要特征 ,研究其作用机制对紫外线辐射损伤的防护有重要意义。基质金属蛋白酶 (matrixmetal loproteinases,MMPs)家族在各种生理、病理条件下细胞外基质降解和重塑中起着关键作用。我们研究了皮肤光老化皱纹形成与真皮成纤维细胞MMPs及MMPs组织抑制剂 (tissueinhibitorofmatrixmetallo proteinases,TIMPs)表达的关系 ,并同时观察了维A酸类药物的拮抗作用。一、材料与方法1 真皮成纤维细胞培养 :标本为健康…     

浅谈多媒体教学中存在的问题及对策

分析了目前多媒体教学中存在的一些问题，提出了一些提高多媒体教学质量的途径和方法。     

Innervation of the trapezius muscle: is cervical contribution important to its function?

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of the cervical plexus and the accessory nerve to the function of the trapezius muscle. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: Eighteen adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups. The neurotomies were performed in the left sides and the right sides served as within-subject controls. In group A, the accessory nerve was transected. The C2-5 were transected in group B, and both of the accessory nerve and C2-5 were cut in group C. The electrophysiologic, myophysiologic, and histologic changes of the muscles were measured. RESULTS: There were significant differences (P < 0.05) between the three groups in the recovery rates of the transverse area of the muscles. The CMAP recorded from the experimental sides in group B were similar to the control sides. The values of the maximum tension of the tetanus contraction between the two sides showed no differences either (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The accessory nerve supplies the most important motor input to the trapezius. Motor innervations of the cervical plexus are not very significant.     

Osteoclastogenesis in the nonadherent cell population of human bone marrow is inhibited by rhBMP-2 alone or together with rhVEGF.

During bone development and repair, angiogenesis, osteogenesis, and bone remodeling are closely associated processes that share some common mediators. In the present study nonadherent human bone marrow mononuclear cells under the induction of sRANKL and M-CSF, differentiated into osteoclasts with TRAP-positive staining, VNR expression, and Ca-P resorptive activity. The effects of various combinations of rhBMP-2 (0, 3, 30, and 300 ng/mL) and rhVEGF (0 and 25 ng/mL) on osteoclastogenesis potentials were examined in this experimental system. The percentages of TRAP-positive multiple nucleated cells represent osteoclast differentiation potential, and the percentages of resorptive areas in the Ca-P coated plates resemble osteoclast resorption capability. The presence of rhBMP-2 at 30 and 300 ng/mL showed inhibitory effects on osteoclast differentiation and their resorptive capability in the human osteoclast culture system. rhVEGF (25 ng/mL) enhanced the resorptive function of osteoclast whenever it was used alone or combined with 3 ng/mL rhBMP-2. However, rhVEGF-induced resorptive function was inhibited by 30 ng/mL and 300 ng/mL rhBMP-2 in a dose-dependent manner. Statistical analysis demonstrated that an interactive effect exists between rhBMP-2 and rhVEGF on human osteoclastogenesis. These findings suggested that an interactive regulation may exist between BMPs and VEGF signaling pathways during osteoclastogenesis; exact mechanisms are yet to be elucidated.