有机-无机复合型聚合物电解质的研究进展

聚合物电解质是现在锂离子电池研究领域的热点，有机－无机复合型聚合物电解质（CSPE）是现在聚合物电解质的研究主流。在聚合物电解质中添加无机添末，特别是纳米材料，大大改善了聚合物电解质的机械性能、离子导电性能以及界面稳定性能。对CSPE性能进行了评价，对在CSPE中添加无机粉末性能改善机理作了概括和探讨，并对CSPE的前景作了展望。     

泌尿系感染病原菌的变迁及耐药性分析

目的了解近年来泌尿系感染病原菌的变迁及耐药现状. 方法应用回顾性调查分析方法,对我院1997至2000年间泌尿系感染检测的1 026株病原菌的分布及耐药性进行统计分析. 结果在泌尿系感染的病原菌中,G+球菌上升,G-杆菌下降,真菌上升,其中粪肠球菌上升和变形菌属下降差异有显著性(P<0.05),药敏实验结果对以往常用的抗菌药物青霉素类、复方新诺明、红霉素、诺氟沙星及一代头孢显示较高的耐药性,2000年耐药率>81.6%,对三代头孢、环丙沙星、庆大霉素呈中度耐药,耐药率在42.9%～78.3%,对阿米卡星及头孢哌酮/舒巴坦呈轻度耐药,耐药率<36.7%. 结论随着抗生素的更新换代、人口老龄化及医院感染等因素的变化,泌尿系感染病原菌的分布及耐药性均发生了变迁.     

变应性亚败血症33例报告

本文报告３３例变应性亚败血症，均以发热起病，伴有一过性皮疹和／或关节、肌肉酸痛，实验室检查以白细胞总数明显增高、血沉显著增快和粘蛋白增多为主要特点。本组病例初诊误诊率为８２．８％，起病至确诊时间平均４８ｄ，提示本病早期确诊较难，应提高对本病的充分认识。     

Chromosome mapping of Rett syndrome: a likely candidate region on the telomere of Xq.

Rett syndrome (RS) is a disease of neurological development. First reported 30 years ago in 1966, its biological and genetic basis remains obscure. RS is commonly thought of as an X linked dominant disorder lethal to hemizygous males. The few familial cases would arise through mosaicism or because of occasional females failing to manifest the disorder through skewed X inactivation in relevant cell types. We have one family where the mother and daughter are affected with RS, and which can be explained according to this hypothesis. If the alternative proposal of Thomas (1996) is correct, that the lack of males affected by such disorders is the result of a high male to female ratio of germline mutations rather than of gestational lethality, then the RS gene should be located on the grandpaternal chromosome. Genomic screening with markers covering the whole X chromosome has been performed. Studies using multiple informative markers indicate that the RS locus is likely to be located close to one of the X chromosome telomeres. Further investigations in eight additional families suggest the most likely region for the RS gene to be is the distal part of Xq (Xq28).     

大豆蛋白影响肾损害模型钙摄入和钙排出的实验研究

[目的]研究大豆蛋白对肾损害大鼠钙平衡的影响。[方法]选择3月龄断乳雄性SD大鼠40只．按体质量从小到大排序，采用完全随机化原则分为4组。每组10只。标准饲料对照组：喂食含有14％酪蛋白饲料；大豆蛋白饲料组：喂食含有14％大豆分离蛋白饲料；混合饲料1组：喂食含有7％酪蛋白加7％大豆分离蛋白饲料；混合饲料2组：喂食含有7％酪蛋白加14％大豆分离蛋白饲料。实验期用腺嘌呤灌胃共21d，建立肾损害大鼠模型，各组大鼠喂养相应饲料6周，测饲料消耗量、24h尿蛋白、尿钙、钙表观吸收率、储留钙量。[结果]4组实验大鼠饲料摄入量1d～30d无统计学差异，大豆蛋白饲料组和混合饲料1组实验结束时与另外两组相比，尿钙排泄量低，钙表观吸收率和储留钙量高，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。[结论]蛋白质含量水平在14％条件下，含大豆蛋白的两种饲料对肾损害大鼠钙吸收、钙排泄的影响无统计学差异，有利于促进钙吸收，减少钙排泄。     

A Synergistic Effect Between PG490-88 and Tacrolimus Prolongs Renal Allograft Survival in Monkeys

This study was undertaken to determine if PG490-88 and tacrolimus (Tac) act synergistically to prevent renal allograft rejection in monkeys and to explore possible mechanisms of synergy between these agents. MHC-mismatched renal allografts were transplanted into cynomolgus monkeys after bilateral nephrectomy. Recipients were divided into the following groups: (i) no treatment; (ii) PG490-88 (0.03 mg/kg); (iii) Tac (1 mg/kg); (iv) PG490-88 (0.01 mg/kg) + Tac (1 mg/kg) and (v) PG490-88 (0.03 mg/kg) + Tac (1 mg/kg). Through synergy PG490-88 and Tac inhibited anti-CD3/PMA-induced T-cell proliferation and IFN-gamma expression in vitro. Tac monotherapy only marginally prolonged survival (27 +/- 3.2 days), while the combination of PG490-88 and Tac significantly prolonged graft survival to a median of 99 days (PG490-88 at 0.03 mg) and 38.5 days (PG490-88 at 0.01 mg/kg). Prolonged survival correlated with inhibited IgM production as well as reduced T-cell infiltration, IL-2 protein expression and NF-AT/NF-kappaB activity. We conclude that PG490-88 and a subtherapeutic dose of Tac significantly prolong renal allograft survival in monkeys through the synergistic inhibition of T-cell activation and a decrease in IFN-gamma production and NF-AT/NF-kappaB activity.     

“黑皮”，绝对劣品后遗症

为了变美而使用化妆品，不曾想却伤害了自己的肌肤。本刊记者提醒爱美女孩应引以为戒！[编者按]     

门诊抗菌药物使用调查

目的了解医院门诊抗菌药物应用情况，为临床合理应用抗菌药物提供依据。方法抽查2006年1月至11月份门诊处方18163张，统计抗菌药物使用情况，并评价其合理性。结果含抗菌药物处方5809张，占总处方数31．98％。头孢菌素类药物使用率最高，其次为喹诺酮类。给药途径主要为口服给药。结论抗菌药物应用基本合理，但使用中存在一些问题，应引起重视。     

改变产妇体位矫正胎方位170例临床观察

目的 探讨产程中改变产妇体位以矫正胎位的临床效果。方法 选择潜伏期经内诊或B超确诊为枕后位的初产妇170例,随机分成研究组和对照组,各85例。研究组在产程中指导产妇取侧俯卧位,对照组孕妇任意体位。结果 研究组72例(84.71％)胎儿从枕后位转至枕前位经阴道娩出。剖宫产13例,占15.29％,对照组经阴道娩出仅28例,22.94％,剖宫产57例,67.06％。两组比较,P<0.01),差异有非常显著性。两组产程比较,P<0.01,差异有极显著性。结论 在产程中指导产妇取胎儿脊柱侧行同侧侧俯卧位矫正胎头枕后位可降低难产发生率及剖宫产率,有助于提高分娩质量。     

34例白血病患者血小板聚集和释放功能测定及临床意义

应用全血血小板聚集仪阻抗法对34例白血病患者的血小板聚集和 ATP 释放进行了同步测定。结果表明:白血病患者的血小板聚集和 ATP 释放明显低于正常。提示白血病患者不仅有血小板投量减少,亦存在其聚集及释放功能的障碍。