Impact of Ocular Residual Astigmatism on Visual Outcomes of Myopic Astigmatism Correction after Small Incision Lenticule Extraction

Objective: To calculate ocular residual astigmatism (ORA) by vector analysis and to evaluate the impact of ocular residual astigmatism on refractive and visual outcomes after correction of myopic astigmatism by small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE). Methods: In this prospective case-series study, 115 eyes with myopic astigmatism were treated with SMILE from Jauary 2019 to August 2019 atRefractive Center of Ophthalmology Department, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University. ORA was calculated by vector analysis and patients were divided into two groups according to the magnitude of ORA: high ORA group (ORA≥1.00 D) with 42 eyes and low ORA group (ORA<1.00 D) with 73 eyes. The follow-up period was 3 months after the operation. Uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) and pythagorean length were measured and compared after the operation. The following measurements were compared: refractive outcomes, total higher order aberrations (tHOAs), vertical trefoil, vertical coma, horizontal coma, oblique trefoil, oblique quadrafoil, oblique secondary astigmatism, spherical aberration, vertical secondary astigmatism, and vertical quadrafoil. Contrast sensitivity was compared between the high and low ORA groups under either 85 cd/m2 or 3 cd/m2 illumination from 1.5 c/d to 18 c/d. The data were analyzed by an independent-samples t test and Mann-Whitney U test to compare the differences between the two groups. Results: Three months postoperatively, refractive outcomes showed that postoperative residual astigmatism in the high ORA group was significantly higher than in the low ORA group (t=3.293, P=0.001). Vector analysis showed that the error vector (EV), absolute error of angle (absolute EA) and index of success (SI) were higher in the high ORA group (t=-3.235, P=0.001; t=-2.326, P=0.020; t=-2.587, P=0.010). After SMILE，all cases had achieved a desirable visual acuity: high ORA group: -0.15±0.05, low ORA group: -0.15±0.05. There were no statistically significant differences in visual acuity, pythagorean length, tHOAs, vertical trefoil, vertical coma, horizontal coma, oblique trefoil, oblique quadrafoil, oblique secondary astigmatism, spherical aberration, vertical secondary astigmatism, or vertical quadrafoil between the two groups. An obvious difference was found in contrast sensitivity, which showed a higher contrast sensitivity at a spatial frequency of 18 c/d with 85 cd/m2 in the low ORA group than in the high ORA group (t=-2.877, P=0.005), but this tendency was not present at 3 cd/m2 . Conclusions: Ocular residual astigmatism impacts the precision of SMILE in correcting myopic astigmatism. This leads to a tendency of more residual astigmatism in refractive outcomes, and reduces contrast sensitivity at high spatial frequencies. However, it does not affect the outcome of obtaining good visual quality in both visual acuity and higher order aberrations.     

单纯腹腔细胞学阳性子宫内膜癌Ⅲ a期患者的预后

目的　研究不同子宫内膜癌Ⅲa期患者的预后 ,为临床治疗提供依据。方法　对 1988～ 2 0 0 1年在我院收治的子宫内膜癌Ⅰ期、Ⅲ期患者共 191例进行回顾性分析。患者共分为四组 :第一组为Ⅰ期患者 ,共134例 ;第二组为单纯腹腔细胞学阳性的子宫内膜癌Ⅲa期患者 ,共 2 3例 ;第三组为伴有浆膜浸润或附件转移的子宫内膜癌Ⅲa期患者 ,共 16例 ;第四组为子宫内膜癌Ⅲb期 Ⅲc期患者 ,共 18例。采用Kaplan -Meier法对四组的平均生存时间进行计算 ,并进行比较。结果　①第一组与第二组的平均生存时间差异无显著性 ,P >0 0 5 ;②第二组与第三组的平均生存时间差异有明显统计学意义 ,P <0 0 1;③第三组与第四组的平均生存时间差异无显著性 ,P >0 0 5。结论　尽管腹腔细胞学阳性、浆膜浸润及附件转移均被定为子宫内膜癌Ⅲa期 ,但单纯腹腔细胞学阳性的患者其预后明显好于伴有浆膜层浸润或附件转移者。对她们应采取不同的后续治疗     

Pharmacokinetics,biodistribution and bioavailability of isoliquiritigenin after intravenous and oral administration

Context: Isoliquiritigenin (ISL) has been shown to exhibit a variety of biological activities. However, there is little research on the pharmacokinetic behavior and tissues distribution of ISL.

Objective: Pharmacokinetics, biodistribution and bioavailability of ISL after intravenous and oral administration were determined by systematic investigation in Sprague–Dawley rats.

Materials and methods: ISL was dissolved in medicinal ethanol-Tween 80–0.9% sodium chloride saline in a volume ratio of 10:15:75. The ISL solution was injected in rats via a tail vein at a single dose of 10, 20 and 50?mg/kg and administered orally in rats at a single dose of 20, 50 and 100?mg/kg, respectively. Blood samples were collected at time intervals of 0.08, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 6, 8 and 12?h after intravenous injection. Tissues of interests in mice were collected immediately at each determined time point (0.5, 1, 2, 3 and 6?h) after cervical dislocation.

Results: The dose-normalized AUC values were 7.3, 7.6 and 8.7?μg?×?h/ml (calculated based on the dose of 10?mg/kg) for intravenous doses of 10, 20 and 50?mg/kg, respectively. The elimination half-lifes (t_1/2λ) were 4.9, 4.6 and 4.8?h at 10, 20 and 50?mg/kg intravenous doses, respectively. The F values were 29.86, 22.70, 33.62% for oral doses of 20, 50 and 100?mg/kg, respectively. Liver, heart and kidney were major distribution tissues of ISL in mice. The plasma protein binding of ISL in rats was 43.72%.

Conclusion: The work may useful for further study of the bioactive mechanism of ISL.     

抑酸药对马来酸多潘立酮在健康人体相对生物利用度的影响

目的观察抑酸药(法莫替丁、鼠李铋镁)对马来酸多潘立酮(健胃药)在健康人体药代动力学的影响。方法10名健康受试者未服和服用抑酸药后,单剂量口服马来酸多潘立酮10mg,用LC/MS/MS测定血药浓度,用Win-NonLin5.0软件计算药代动力学参数,并用Spss12.0软件比较主要药代动力学参数。结果未服和服用抑酸药后,单剂量口服马来酸多潘立酮,其药代动力学参数如下:tmax分别为(0.85±0.24)、(2.20±1.78)h,Cmax分别为(9.68±5.37)、(7.18±4.12)μg.L-1,AUC0～tn分别为(38.18±19.76)、(49.96±10.35)μg.h.L-1。显示服用抑酸药后,马来酸多潘立酮的tmax延长,有显著性差异(P=0.04);AUC0-tn增加,峰浓度降低,但无显著性差异(分别为P=0.1、0.06)。结论在健康人体内,法莫替丁、鼠李铋镁不影响马来酸多潘立酮的吸收程度;但使其吸收速度减慢。     

Silencing of Nesprin‐2 inhibits the differentiation of myofibroblasts from fibroblasts induced by mechanical stretch

Mechanical force plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of hypertrophic scar (HTS). Dermal fibroblasts and myofibroblasts are the key cells involved in HTS. Myofibroblasts in HTS possess different biochemical and biophysical characteristics by which myofibroblasts are often distinguished from fibroblasts. The role of mechanotransducers outside the nucleus in the pathogenesis of HTS has been reported in many studies. However, the role of Nesprin‐2 in HTS is not clear. Hence, we aim to construct a cell model of HTS and explore the role of Nesprin‐2 in this process. Myofibroblasts and fibroblasts were isolated from HTS and healthy skin tissues of the same patient. Fibroblasts were exposed to cyclic stretch with 10% magnitude and a frequency of 0.1 Hz for 3 days, 5 days, and 7 days, respectively. After the cell model was confirmed, fibroblasts transfected with siRNA targeting human Nesprin‐2 were exposed to cyclic stretch. The mechanical behaviour and biochemical reaction of the dermal fibroblasts were analysed. The stretched fibroblasts at day 5 showed the same mechanotransductive and biochemical features as unstretched myofibroblasts. Mechanical strain could induce the myofibroblasts differentiation and a cell model of HTS was established successfully at day 5. The expressions of lamin A/C, alpha‐smooth muscle actin, transforming growth factor beta 1, and collagen type I in fibroblasts were reduced by the silencing of Nesprin‐2. Mechanical strain could induce the myofibroblasts differentiation and silencing of Nesprin‐2 could block the mechanical stimulation of terminal myofibroblasts differentiation. Nesprin‐2 might be a potential target to treat the HTS.     

Fatigue Cracking Evolution and Model of Cold Recycled Asphalt Mixtures during Different Curing Times

This paper aims to investigate the fatigue cracking evolution of cold recycled asphalt mixtures with asphalt emulsion (CRME) under different curing times. The fatigue cracking model of CRME based on damage mechanics and fracture mechanics was analyzed according to the fatigue loading curve. Firstly, the fatigue cracking evolution of CRME was studied through an SCB strength test and SCB fatigue test. Then, the fatigue damage mechanics were used to establish a nonlinear fatigue cracking model, and the damage degree of CRME at the initial cracking point was determined. The Paris formula was used to characterize the law of fatigue crack propagation. Finally, the microstructure of CRME was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with the backscattering method. The results indicate that the initial cracking point appears at around 60% of the fatigue life according to the SCB fatigue test by means of image analysis. The damage variable was obtained through the cracking model, and the value of the damage variable was determined as 0.06–0.17 at the initial cracking point. In addition, the Paris formula showed that the crack growth of CRME can be reflected by the stress intensity factor and correlative parameters. Moreover, cement hydration products were mixed with the asphalt membrane to form a denser spatial structure during the curing process, which may provide higher fatigue performance of CRME. This research may provide a theoretical reference for studying the fatigue cracking behavior of CRME.     

Topology Optimization of Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters for Enhanced Open-Circuit Voltage Subjected to Harmonic Excitations

Energy harvesting devices made of piezoelectric material are highly anticipated energy sources for power wireless sensors. Tremendous efforts have been made to improve the performance of piezoelectric energy harvesters (PEHs). Noticeably, topology optimization has shown an attractive potential to design PEHs with enhanced energy conversion efficiency. In this work, an alternative yet more practical design objective was considered, where the open-circuit voltage of PEHs is enhanced by topologically optimizing the through-thickness piezoelectric material distribution of plate-type PEHs subjected to harmonic excitations. Compared to the conventional efficiency-enhanced designs, the open-circuit voltage of PEHs can be evidently enhanced by the proposed method while with negligible sacrifice on the energy conversion efficiency. Numerical investigations show that the voltage cancellation effect due to inconsistent voltage phases can be effectively ameliorated by optimally distributed piezoelectric materials.     

基于扫描式葡萄糖监测系统的儿童1型糖尿病患者血糖波动的影响因素

目的：经典1型糖尿病(type 1 diabetes mellitus,T1DM)患者由于胰岛β细胞破坏、胰岛素绝对缺乏,需终身依赖外源性胰岛素治疗。中国糖尿病患儿中T1DM约占90%,发病率快速增加且低龄化严重。流行病学研究显示中国患儿平均糖化血红蛋白(glycated haemoglobin,HbA1c)整体偏高、达标率低。良好的血糖管理是糖尿病治疗的重点,维持血糖在目标范围内可阻止或延缓T1DM患者慢性血管并发症。本研究旨在利用扫描式葡萄糖监测系统(flash glucose monitoring system,FGMS)了解湖南省和河南省T1DM患儿的血糖控制情况,分析该群体血糖波动的影响因素。方法：选择2017年8月至2020年8月于两省16所医院内分泌科就诊的T1DM患儿215例,年龄≤14岁,均佩戴FGMS采集血糖数据,分析HbA1c、病程和葡萄糖扫描频率与血糖波动的相关性;根据患儿病程、HbA1c、葡萄糖扫描频率及胰岛素注射方式等因素进行分组比较。结果：HbA1c、病程与平均血糖、血糖标准差、平均血糖波动幅度(mean amplitude of glucose excu...     

印度新专利法的实行对医药企业的影响

印度和我国一样都是发展中国家,人口众多,在医药领域既有很多相似之处,又存在激烈竞争:首先,从地理、人口、经济发展等方面看,中印两国国情比较相近,两国的制药产业也有惊人的相似之处(成本低廉,药品可获得性高);大部分企业仍处于低水平重复仿制阶段;研发力量较为薄弱,仿制药比