乳腺钼靶片计算机光密度测定的临床应用研究

目的：利用计算机对乳腺钼靶片上病灶中心及病灶周围影像光密度的测定，来探索良、恶性乳腺病变之间以及各种病变病灶中心与病灶周围影像的密度差异：探讨病理基础和临床意义。材料和方法：随机选取１００例临床可扪及乳腺＂肿块＂的女性病人，进行乳腺钼靶Ｘ线检查，将检出病变的１０２张钼靶片进行计算机处理后，对病灶中心及病灶周围组织影像的光密度进行测定。所有病例除炎性病变外均取得病理结果。结果：１．良性病变的病灶中心密度与病灶周围密度无显著差异（Ｐ＞０．５），良性肿块（指纤维腺瘤和囊肿）的病灶中心与病灶周围密度间仅提示一种可能存在显著差异的趋势（０．１＞Ｐ＞０．０５）；２．乳腺癌病灶中心与病灶周围密度之间存在非常显著的差异（Ｐ＜０．００１）；３．良、恶性肿瘤病灶中心密度之间存在较显著差异（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论：本研究的结果有助于乳腺良、恶性病变的鉴别诊断和提高早期乳腺癌的检出率。     

复方天棘胶囊对老龄鼠血气影响的研究

本研究选用昆明种老龄鼠５０只，随机分为正常对照组、阳性对照组和复方天棘胶囊高、中、低剂量组；每组１０只。观察灌服复方天棘胶囊溶液对实验性老龄鼠血气的影响。结果表明，老龄鼠灌服２．０、１．０和０．５ｇ／ｋｇ体重复方天棘胶囊溶液及５．０ｇ／ｋｇ体重红参水煎液１０天后，复方天棘胶囊各剂量组均有不同程度的升高动脉血氧分压（ＰａＯ＿２）和血氧饱和度（ＳａＯ＿２）的作用；且随剂量的递增，ＰａＯ＿２和ＳａＯ＿２明显升高，其中高剂量组升高ＰａＯ＿２和ＳａＯ＿２的作用最为明显（Ｐ＜０．０１）；红本组ＳａＯ＿２也有明显升高（Ｐ＜０．０１）。提示复方天棘胶囊具有升高ＰａＯ＿２和ＳａＯ＿２的作用。     

高脂饮食诱导的内脏肥胖小鼠模型存在性别差异

目的:比较不同性别BALB/c小鼠采用高脂饮食建立肥胖模型的差异。方法:32只4周龄无特定病原体级BALB/c小鼠（雌雄各半）随机分为雌性对照组、雌性高脂组、雄性对照组和雄性高脂组,每组8只。雌性对照组和雄性对照组采用普通饮食,雌性高脂组和雄性高脂组采用高脂饲料喂养,喂养12周后测量小鼠体重、内脏脂肪比、空腹血糖、葡萄糖耐量、血脂、代谢相关激素水平,并采用16S rRNA测序检测小鼠粪便菌群构成。结果:高脂饮食干预导致雄性小鼠体重和内脏脂肪比明显增加,病理表现为单个脂肪面积明显增大,肝脏脂肪滴堆积,总胆固醇、空腹血糖、口服糖耐量试验时间-血糖曲线下面积以及血清胰岛素水平明显上升（均P<0.05）,并出现明显胰岛素抵抗（P<0.01）。而雌性高脂组体重、内脏脂肪比、血清胰岛素和瘦素水平与雌性对照组差异均无统计学意义（均P>0.05）。高脂干预后小鼠肥胖相关肠道菌群相对丰度显著变化并存在性别差异,其中雄性高脂组肥胖相关菌属（如布劳特菌）相对丰度明显增加,菌群结构变化更明显。结论:高脂饮食喂养12周4周龄BALB/c雄性小鼠可稳定建立以内脏脂肪堆积、代谢功能紊乱和肠道菌群变...     

玄胡索散通过下调粒细胞集落刺激因子抑制脾脏髓源抑制细胞分化发挥抗乳腺癌作用

目的:探讨玄胡索散抑制乳腺癌小鼠脾脏髓源抑制细胞(MDSC)分化的作用机制。方法:4～5周龄BALB/c雌性小鼠48只,其中6只为正常对照组,其他42只采用小鼠左侧第二对乳腺皮下脂肪垫接种4T1细胞构建乳腺癌荷瘤小鼠模型,分为粒细胞集落刺激因子(G-CSF)对照组、G-CSF敲减组、模型对照组、玄胡索散小剂量组、玄胡索散中剂量组、玄胡索散大剂量组和环磷酰胺组,每组6只。其中G-CSF对照组和G-CSF敲减组分别采用shRNA慢病毒转染联合嘌呤霉素构建相应4T1稳转细胞模型。各组造模48 h后,玄胡索散小剂量组、玄胡索散中剂量组、玄胡索散大剂量组分别按2、4、8 g·kg^-1·d^-1玄胡索散灌胃,每天一次;环磷酰胺组按30 mg/kg腹腔注射环磷酰胺,隔天一次;其他组给予等体积0.5%羟甲基纤维素纳。各组连续给药25 d。苏木精-伊红染色观察脾脏组织病理学改变,流式细胞术测定脾脏MDSC亚群比例,免疫荧光法检测脾脏CD11b、Ly6G共表达,酶联免疫吸附测定外周血G-CSF浓度。在体外,建立荷瘤小鼠脾脏与4T1稳转株共培养体系,玄胡索散(30μ...     

Kallikrein 4 expression is up-regulated in epithelial ovarian carcinoma cells in effusions

We immunohistochemically analyzed kallikrein 4 protein (hK4) expression in patients with epithelial ovarian carcinoma (181 malignant effusions and 103 solid carcinoma lesions). Expression of hK4 was also studied in 32 effusions using immunoblotting. Carcinoma cells expressed hK4 in 144 (79.6%) of 181 effusions and 85 (82.5%) of 103 solid tumors. Expression was seen in 51% or more of tumor cells in 70 effusions but often was limited to 5% or fewer cells in solid tumors (P = .009, primary tumors vs effusions; P = .002, metastases vs effusions). Immunoblotting showed hK4 expression in 31 of 32 specimens. Stromal cell hK4 expression, seen in 48 (46.6%) of 103 lesions, was significantly higher in primary tumors than metastases (26/43 vs 22/60, P = .019). hK4 expression in tumor cells was significantly lower in International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage IV than stage III tumors (P = .004, all lesions; P = .012, primary tumors). hK4 expression in carcinoma cells was associated with longer overall survival (not significant; P = .14, peritoneal effusions). hK4 is expressed widely in ovarian carcinoma; levels in carcinoma cells are highest in effusions, which might be related to loss of stromal contribution and/or altered microenvironment. hK4 expression in carcinoma cells of effusions or solid tumors does not predict survival.     

Relationship between adherence to inhaled corticosteroids and poor outcomes among adults with asthma

BACKGROUND: Regular use of inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) can improve asthma symptoms and prevent exacerbations. However, overall adherence is poor among patients with asthma. Objective To estimate the proportion of poor asthma-related outcomes attributable to ICS nonadherence. METHODS: We retrospectively identified 405 adults age 18 to 50 years who had asthma and were members of a large health maintenance organization in southeast Michigan between January 1, 1999, and December 31, 2001. Adherence indices were calculated by using medical records and pharmacy claims. The main outcomes were the number of asthma-related outpatient visits, emergency department visits, and hospitalizations, as well as the frequency of oral steroid use. RESULTS: Overall adherence to ICS was approximately 50%. Adherence to ICS was significantly and negatively correlated with the number of emergency department visits (correlation coefficient [ R ] = -0.159), the number of fills of an oral steroid ( R = -0.179), and the total days' supply of oral steroid ( R = -0.154). After adjusting for potential confounders, including the prescribed amount of ICS, each 25% increase in the proportion of time without ICS medication resulted in a doubling of the rate of asthma-related hospitalization (relative rate, 2.01; 95% CI, 1.06-3.79). During the study period, there were 80 asthma-related hospitalizations; an estimated 32 hospitalizations would have occurred were there no gaps in medication use (60% reduction). CONCLUSIONS: Adherence to ICS is poor among adult patients with asthma and is correlated with several poor asthma-related outcomes. Less than perfect adherence to ICS appears to account for the majority of asthma-related hospitalizations.     

氨基胍对去卵巢大鼠主动脉晚期糖化终末产物及血脂的影响

将 6月龄雌性SD大鼠随机分为假手术组 (sham)、去卵巢组 (OVX)和去卵巢 +氨基胍组 (OVX +AG)。去除双侧卵巢 2周后用氨基胍治疗 13周。禁食 2 4h ,放血处死动物 ,取血和主动脉 ,分别测定主动脉AGEs、血脂和血清过氧化物含量。结果表明 ,与假手术组比较 ,去卵巢组主动脉AGEs、甘油三脂 (TG)、氧化低密度脂蛋白 (OX LDL)、丙二醛 (MDA)均明显升高 (分别为P <0 0 1,P <0 0 5 ,P <0 0 5和P <0 0 1) ;高密度脂蛋白 胆固醇 (HDL C)、载脂蛋白AⅠ (apo AⅠ )和超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)活性均显著降低 (均P <0 0 1)。氨基胍组与病理组比较 ,主动脉AGEs、血清TG、MDA和OX LDL均明显降低 (分别为P <0 0 1,P <0 0 5、P <0 0 5和P <0 0 1) ;HDL C、apo AⅠ和SOD活性均显著升高 (均P <0 0 1)。提示氨基胍通过降低去卵巢大鼠主动脉AGEs含量 ,降低大鼠血清OX LDL和TG水平 ,升高HDL C、apo AⅠ水平和SOD活性 ,发挥其对心血管的保护作用     

人脐静脉内皮细胞清除补体攻膜复合物的机制

目的：探讨内皮细胞清除补体攻膜复合物（MAC）的途径及其清除动力学，方法：原代培养的人脐静脉内皮细胞以RH414荧光标记质膜双层，0℃组装亚溶剂量的MAC，37℃复苏后，LSCM实时监MAC沉积诱导的质膜囊泡化形成和胞吞，胞吐情况,流式细胞仪定量检测内皮细胞表面MAC抗原的清除情况，结果：MAC沉积后，内皮细胞有的质膜囊泡化形成，囊泡以胞吞和胞吐2种方式离开细胞，并以前者占优，37度条件下，内皮细胞清除表面MAC的半衰期约为5min。结论：内皮细胞可通过胞吞和胞吐2种机制清除细胞表面沉积的MAC，并以胞吞方式为主。     

1例永久性三叉动脉显微解剖与文献复习

目的：报道1例偶然发现的右侧永久性三叉动脉形态、特点，并进行文献复习。方法：利用显微解剖对此例永久性三叉动脉的起源、走行、分支、分布、与后循环连接关系、以及相关动脉解剖特点等进行了研究。结果：此例永久性三叉动脉与脑膜垂体干共干起源于颈内动脉海绵窦段，于展神经外侧进入后颅窝，分支与基底动脉和小脑上动脉吻合，其终末支之一延续为同侧的小脑下后动脉，此动脉与三叉神经关系密切，分支分布于脑干和小脑。结论：永久性三叉动脉与后循环关系复杂，广泛参与正常脑组织供血。     

秦巴山区初中学生心理健康状况调查研究

目的　了解秦巴山区初中学生心理健康状况及其影响的主要因素。方法　采用 SCL-90临床症状自评量表随机对陕西省安康地区双溪乡初中学生进行心理健康测查。结果　秦巴山区双溪乡初中学生心理健康状况与全国初中学生心理健康常模比较 ,并未出现显著性差异 ;影响初中男生心理健康因素从大到小的顺序为 :抑郁 >躯体化 >焦虑 >强迫 >精神病性 >恐怖 >人际关系 >偏执 >其它 >敌对 ;影响女生心理健康因素从大到小的顺序为 :抑郁 >躯体化 >焦虑 >人际关系>强迫 >精神病性 >恐怖 >敌对 >其它 >偏执。结论　秦巴山区初中学生心理健康状况良好。影响秦巴山区初中学生心理健康的最主要因素为 :抑郁、躯体化和焦虑。