皮康口服液的质量标准研究

目的:建立皮康口服液的质量标准.方法:用薄层色谱法对黄芪、赤芍进行定性鉴别,用反相高效液相色谱(RPHPLC)法测定口服液中的芍药苷的含量.结果:薄层色谱斑点清晰,专属性强;芍药苷在0.116～1.16 μg范围内呈良好的线性关系,r=0.999 8,平均回收率为98.99%,RSD为0.62%.结论:所建立的方法简便准确、灵敏度高,可用于皮康口服液的质量控制.     

老龄大鼠膀胱生理特性改变的实验研究

目的:探讨老龄大鼠膀胱生理特性的改变及其可能机制.方法:雌性Wistar大鼠分为年轻成年组(6月龄)和老龄组(24月龄),通过在体充盈期膀胱测压,判定逼尿肌不稳定的发生率,比较两组最大膀胱容量和漏尿点压的差异;在水浴条件下,分别测量两组新鲜逼尿肌条的自发收缩频率、应力作用下的反应张力、对电刺激的反应强度等指标,并对实验结果进行统计学分析.结果:与年轻成年组相比,老龄大鼠表现为更易出现逼尿肌不稳定;麻醉条件下最大膀胱容量显著增加(P＜0.01),漏尿点压无明显差异;自发收缩频率显著增高(P＜0.05).老龄大鼠逼尿肌条在应力增加时,张力上升缓慢;应力降低时,张力下降迅速.应力改变时电刺激诱发收缩表现为与单纯应力改变时的张力改变相似,张力增加值在两组间元差异.结论:老龄膀胱功能的改变与自身逼尿肌兴奋性增加、高顺应性、弹性降低有关,肌源性改变是其主要因素.     

C反应蛋白与白蛋白比值对川崎病早期丙种球蛋白抵抗的预测价值

目的 探讨C反应蛋白与白蛋白比值(CRP/ALB)对川崎病(KD)早期丙种球蛋白(IVIG)抵抗的预测价值。方法 将2020年1月至2023年6月成都医学院第一附属医院住院的118例病程≤5 d的KD患儿分为IVIG抵抗组和IVIG敏感组,分析患儿临床资料,采用多因素Logistic回归分析探究独立危险因素,ROC曲线探究CRP/ALB对KD患儿早期IVIG抵抗的预测价值。结果 IVIG抵抗组比IVIG敏感组有更高水平的白细胞计数(WBC)、CRP、CRP/ALB和更低水平的血红蛋白(HGB)。CRP/ALB升高和HGB降低是KD患儿早期IVIG抵抗的独立危险因素。CRP/ALB可预测KD患儿早期IVIG抵抗(AUC=0.664)。结论 CRP/ALB升高和HGB降低是KD患儿早期IVIG抵抗的独立危险因素,CRP/ALB可有效预测KD患儿早期IVIG抵抗。     

婴儿钙营养缺乏的影响因素

目的分析婴儿期钙营养状况的有关影响因素,为早期防治和改善婴儿钙营养状况提供科学依据。方法随机抽取武汉地区0～1岁婴儿,采用双能X线吸收法(DEXA)检测其骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD),将BMD值正常者列入对照组,BMD值异常者列入病例组,采用1:1配对病例对照研究,共计133对。采用统一自制的调查表进行问卷调查,对婴儿BMD的有关影响因素进行回归分析。结果经多因素条件Logistic回归分析,婴儿BMD的主要不良影响因素依次为早产适于胎龄儿、出生窒息、低出生体重、食欲不佳和呼吸道感染,OR值分别为0.465、0.301、0.598、0.560和0.616。添加动物食物量、户外活动时间和补钙剂量为BMD的有利因素,OR值分别为0.526、0.435和0.998。结论婴儿期BMD受到来自孕期、围产期、营养和疾病等多种因素的影响,应降低围产期高危因素,婴儿期要及时调整膳食结构,加强户外活动,适当补充钙剂和鱼肝油,改善婴儿钙营养状况。     

Surgical approaches to correct corneal astigmatism at time of cataract surgery: a mini-review

Among refractive errors, astigmatism is the most common optical aberration, where refraction changes in different meridians of the eye. It causes blurred vision at any distance and includes corneal, lenticular, and retinal astigmatism. Cataract surgery used to cause a progressive increase in the pre-exisiting corneal astigmatism because of creating a surgically induced astigmatism, for example, a large size surgery incision. The development of surgical techniques during last decades has made cataract surgery interchange to treat preoperative corneal astigmatism at time of surgery. Nowadays, three surgical approaches can be used. By placing a sutureless clear corneal incision on the steep meridian of the cornea, a preoperative corneal astigmatism less than 1.0 D can be corrected. Single or paired peripheral corneal relaxing incisions (PCRIs) provide 1.0-3.0 D corneal astigmatism correction. PCRIs are typically used for treating 1.0-1.5 D of regular corneal astigmatism, if more than 2.0 D, the risk of overcorrection and irregular astigmatism is increased. When toric intraocular lenses (IOLs) are unavailable in markets, PCRIs are still a reasonable option for patients with up to 3.0 D of pre-existing corneal astigmatism. Toric IOLs implantation can correct 1.0-4.5 D of corneal astigmatism. Several IOLs are approved to correct a high degree of corneal astigmatism with cylinder power up to 12.0 D. These approaches can be used alone or in combination.     

基于ACE/AngⅡ/AT1R通路探讨补肾降压方对盐敏感性高血压大鼠肾纤维化的作用机制

目的：探讨补肾降压方对盐敏感性高血压DS大鼠肾纤维化及肾素血管紧张素转换酶-血管紧张素Ⅱ-血管紧张素Ⅱ1型受体（ACE-AngⅡ-AT1R）信号通路的调节作用,探讨其防治高血压肾损害的作用机制。方法：选用盐敏感性高血压大鼠（Dahl salt-sensitve,DS)48只,随机数字表法分为低盐组、高盐组、缬沙坦组和补肾降压组,喂食以不同浓度钠盐饲料造模后,予药物干预8周。于干预前后测量血压。干预后酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)血清中血肌酐(Cr)、尿素氮（BUN）、血管紧张素Ⅱ（AngⅡ）及转化生长因子-β1（TGF-β1)的含量。苏木精-伊红（HE）染色观察肾组织病理学改变情况,Masson染色观察肾纤维化程度。反转录PCR（RT-PCR）及蛋白质印迹法分别检测肾脏血管紧张素转化酶（ACE）及血管紧张素Ⅱ1型受体(AT1R)mRNA及蛋白表达水平。结果：喂食3周不同浓度盐后,喂食高盐各组收缩压均较低盐组升高（P<0.01）。干预后,与低盐组比较,高盐组收缩压升高,Cr、BUN升高,血清AngⅡ及TGF-β1水平升高,HE及Masson染色显示肾脏纤维化程度加重,肾脏ACE及AT1R蛋白及mRNA表达升高（P<0.01）。与高盐组比较,缬沙坦组及补肾降压组收缩压降低,Cr、BUN降低,血清Ang Ⅱ及TGF-β1水平降低,肾脏纤维化程度减轻,肾脏ACE及AT1R蛋白及mRNA表达降低（P<0.05,P<0.01）。结论：补肾降压方有平稳降压,改善肾功能的作用,其作用机制可能与调节ACE/AngⅡ/AT1R轴进而抑制TGF-β1达到延缓肾纤维化相关。     

Acute appendicitis after colorectal endoscopic mucosal resection: a case report

Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) was originally described in 1973 and is currently a popular practice used in treating polyps, small adenomas, and early cancers. Although the safety of EMR has been proven in numerous studies, complications occur occasionally. We report a case in which the patient complained of severe upper abdominal pain and who was diagnosed with acute appendicitis after colorectal EMR. The patient recovered well after surgery. Cautious observation is necessary when resuming oral intake in patients who undergo colorectal EMR and who complain of postoperative abdominal pain. Observation is especially important for patients with a fecalith that may have originally existed in the appendix or in the colon near the appendix.     

阿法替尼引起痤疮样药疹二例

阿法替尼属于表皮生长因子受体抑制剂,现广泛应用于非小细胞肺癌的治疗,该药物的主要毒性反应之一为皮肤不良反应,最常见为痤疮样药疹,本文报道2例服用阿法替尼后出现痤疮样药疹的患者。     

Vitamin D Enhances Neutrophil Generation and Function in Zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Vitamin D (VD) is a major regulator of calcium metabolism in many living organisms. In addition, VD plays a key role in regulating innate and adaptive immunity in vertebrates. Neutrophils constitute an important part of the first line of defense against invading microbes; however, the potential effect of VD on neutrophils remains elusive. Thus, in this study zebrafish in different developmental stages were utilized to identify the potential role of VD in the basal homeostasis and functions of neutrophils. Our results showed that addition of exogenous VD₃ promoted granulopoiesis in zebrafish larvae. Reciprocally, neutrophil abundance in the intestine of adult zebrafish with a cyp2r1 mutant, lacking the capacity to 25-hydroxylate VD, was reduced. Moreover, VD-mediated granulopoiesis was still observed in gnotobiotic zebrafish larvae, indicating that VD regulates neutrophil generation independent of the microbiota during early development. In contrast, VD was incapable to influence granulopoiesis in adult zebrafish when the commensal bacteria were depleted by antibiotic treatment, suggesting that VD might modulate neutrophil activity via different mechanisms depending on the developmental stage. In addition, we found that VD₃ augmented the expression of il-8 and neutrophil recruitment to the site of caudal fin amputation. Finally, VD₃ treatment significantly decreased bacterial counts and mortality in zebrafish infected with Edwardsiella tarda (E. tarda) in a neutrophil-dependent manner. Combined, these findings demonstrate that VD regulates granulopoiesis and neutrophil function in zebrafish immunity.