The prognosis for patients with osteosarcoma who have received prior manipulative therapy

We evaluated the long-term outcome of patients with an osteosarcoma who had undergone prior manipulative therapy, a popular treatment in Asia, and investigated its effects on several prognostic factors. Of the 134 patients in this study, 70 (52%) patients had manipulative therapy and 64 (48%) did not. The age, location, and size of tumour were not significantly different between the groups. The five-year overall survival rate was 58% and 92% in the groups with and without manipulative therapy (p = 0.004). Both the primary and overall rates of lung metastasis were significantly higher in the manipulative group (primary: 32% vs 3%, p = 0.003; overall lung metastasis rate: 51.4% vs 18.8%, p < 0.001). Patients who had manipulative therapy had higher local recurrence rates in comparison to patients who did not (29% vs 6%, p = 0.011). The prognosis for patients with osteosarcoma who had manipulative therapy was significantly poorer than those who had not. Manipulative therapy was an independent factor for survival. This form of therapy may serve as a mechanism to accelerate the spread of tumour cells, and therefore must be avoided in order to improve the outcome for patients with an osteosarcoma.     

Patency of sequential and individual saphenous vein grafts after off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting

Abstract Background: The impact of the grafting techniques (individual or sequential grafts) on the graft patency of off‐pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB) has not been reported. The mid‐term patency rates for individual and sequential saphenous vein grafts (SVGs) as coronary bypass conduits of OPCAB were compared. Methods: A total of 714 distal coronary anastomoses on 448 SVGs were assessed using a 64‐multislice computed tomography in 398 patients at an average of 26.4 ± 23.6 months (three months to five years) after an OPCAB procedure. The blood flow of grafts in the proximal segment of individual and sequential SVGs was also compared. Results: The overall patency of sequential SVGs (95.9%) was significantly superior to individual ones (90.6%, p = 0.022). The anastomoses on the sequential conduits had better patency (95.1% vs. 90.1%, p = 0.013). The patency of side‐to‐side anastomoses (97%) was better than that of end‐to‐side anastomoses (93.1%) and also better than that of the individual end‐to‐side anastomoses (90.1%, p = 0.002, p = 0.041). No significant difference was observed between the two approaches in regard to the three major coronary systems; however, anastomoses on sequential grafts had superior patency to those on individual grafts in the right coronary system (p = 0.008). The blood flows of double and triple sequential SVGs were significantly higher than those of individual ones (p < 0.001, p = 0.048, respectively). Conclusions: The mid‐term patency of a sequential SVG conduit after OPCAB is excellent and generally superior to that of an individual one. (J Card Surg 2010;25:633‐637)     

前列腺癌患者CYP1A2 IVS4+43A/G基因型分析

目的:应用TaqMan荧光定量技术,了解前列腺癌患者CYP1A2 IVS4+43A/G位点基因表型。方法:应用ABI Prism7300型荧光定量PCR仪,通过序列检测系统测定85例前列腺癌患者CYP1A2 IVS4+43A/G的各种基因型,并分析不同基因型患者与前列腺癌分化之间的相关性。结果:85例前列腺癌患者中CYP1A2 IVS4+43A/G位点基因表型为AA5例(5.9%),AG33例(38.8%),GG47例(55.3%)。且各基因表型与前列腺癌Gleason评分无明显相关性。结论:CYP1A2 IVS4+43A/G各基因表型与前列腺癌分化之间无明显相关性。     

联合应用经腹腹膜前腹腔镜疝修补术和腹腔内网片植入术治疗成人腹股沟疝

目的联合应用经腹腹膜前腹腔镜疝修补术(transabdominal preperitoneal prosthetic,TAPP)和腹腔内网片植入术(intraperitoneal onlay mesh,IPOM),探讨理想的腹腔镜下腹股沟疝修补的方法。方法2006年1月~12月,对30例成人腹股沟疝行腹腔镜下修补。以腹壁下血管内侧缘为界,把疝薄弱区纵行分成内侧和外侧,内侧采用改进的TAPP方法,外侧仍用IPOM方法。沿腹壁下血管内侧缘纵行剪开腹膜后向内侧游离的区域内基本上是无血管区,亦无重要的神经,组织疏松极易游离,数分钟内即可分离出所需要的面积(7.5 cm×6.5 cm)。补片的材料亦分为内侧和外侧,内侧是聚丙烯材料,外侧应用Proceed补片。结果30例均在硬膜外麻醉下完成,手术时间单侧30~40 min,平均35 min,双侧50~60 min,平均55min,术中出血1~5 ml,术后第2天可离床活动,术后3~4天出院,术后2周均恢复工作。术后随访2~12个月,平均9个月,无粘连性肠梗阻,腹股沟部和全身无不良反应。结论联合应用TAPP和IPOM后,能体现微创的原则,易掌握,损伤少,手术时间短,恢复快,手术效果确切。     

血管活性肠肽对脓毒性休克大鼠的保护作用

目的探讨血管活性肠肽（VIP）对脓毒性休克大鼠的保护作用及其可能机制。方法采用盲肠结扎加穿孔（CLP）法制备脓毒性休克大鼠模型。将30只雄性SD大鼠随机分成3组：假手术组（SO,n=10）、CLP组（n=10）和VIP组（n=10）。VIP组大鼠在行CLP术后即刻给予5nmol VIP,持续监测各组大鼠的平均动脉压（MAP）,统计20h存活率;应用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）检测血清肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、白介素-10（IL-10）水平;取大鼠肺、肾和肠等组织行病理检查。结果在8h以后的各时间点,VIP组的MAP显著高于CLP组（P〈0．05）;与CLP组比较,VIP组的TNF-α水平明显降低、IL-10水平明显升高。20h存活率显著提高（P〈0．05）。各脏器病理损伤明显改善。结论VIP通过抑制促炎因子的生成并促进抗炎因子的产生在大鼠脓毒性休克中发挥保护作用。     

阻断CXC趋化因子受体3途径对同种异体胰岛移植急性排斥反应影响的实验研究

目的研究CXC趋化因子受体3（CXC chemokine receptor 3,CXCR3）反义肽核酸（peptide nucleic acid,PNA）对同种异体胰岛移植急性排斥反应的影响。方法实验模型为小鼠同种异体胰岛移植模型。分为生理盐水对照组,PNA CXCR3组和随机错配PNA组。体外T细胞增殖应答能力通过淋巴细胞增殖反应来评估。应用RT-PCR和Western blot检测CXCR3 mRNA和蛋白表达水平。应用流式细胞仪测定脾CD3^＋T细胞CXCR3表达水平。结果与生理盐水组[（6．72±1．48）d]和随机错配PNA组[（6．54±0．86）d]相比,PNA CXCR3组[（9．70±1．57）d]受体有功能胰岛移植物存活时间明显延长。移植后第7天,PNA CXCR3组CXCR3 mRNA水平（1．06±0．07）同生理盐水对照组（1．98±0．22）和随机PNA组（1．87±0．10）比较明显下调（P〈0．01）。PNA CXCR3组移植物CXCR3蛋白水平以及小鼠淋巴细胞增殖能力与另两组比较明显降低（P〈0．01）。结论PNA CXCR3通过降低T淋巴细胞活性来延长同种异体胰岛移植物存活时间,在抑制同种异体急性排斥反应中具有潜在的治疗效应。     

骨盆骨折合并尿道断裂的早期手术治疗

目的探讨骨盆骨折合并尿道断裂的早期手术方法及其治疗效果。方法自1995年1月至2005年1月,共收治骨盆骨折合并尿道断裂患者25例。根据Tile的分型方法,骨盆稳定型损伤1例,旋转不稳定型损伤17例,旋转及垂直均不稳定型损伤7例。尿道完全断裂23例、部分断裂2例。手术方法包括：（1）急诊尿道吻合、尿道会师部分吻合、尿道会师、尿道阴道贯通伤修补,同期行骨盆骨折开放复位内固定术9例。（2）急诊尿道会师,延期（7—21d）行骨盆骨折切开复位内固定术10例。（3）急诊膀胱造瘘,限期（3～21d）行尿道会师及骨盆骨折切开复位内固定术6例。结果术后随访6～120个月,平均34个月。骨盆损伤根据Majeed的疗效标准,优17例,良5例,可3例。尿管拔除后,19例（76％）患者排尿通畅,最大尿流率平均为18．6mL／s,排泄性尿路造影示尿道断端对位良好,瘢痕平均长度为0．51cm;5例（20％）出现不同程度的排尿困难,须定期扩张尿道或改行其他手术;1例（4％）女性患者不能控制排尿,须进一步治疗。术后耻骨上原发软组织撕脱伤感染伴耻骨后脓肿形成1例,后尿道狭窄5例,阳痿3例,尿失禁1例。结论骨盆骨折的早期复位和有效固定是实现“无张力尿道修复”的解剖基础。     

成人活体肝移植单中心56例临床报告

目的探讨成人间右半肝移植手术中保证供、受者安全的方法。方法2002年1月至2006年9月四川大学华西医院对56例受者施行了成人右半肝移植,其中52例不含肝中静脉,4例双供肝肝移植。受者原发病为乙型肝炎肝硬化35例（62．5％,含急性肝功能衰竭12例）,肝细胞肝癌17例（30．4％）,其他4例;MELD评分〉25分者10例。供者常规行三维CT计算全肝体积及右半肝体积,并进行了移植手术技术改进。结果58例供者共摘取55例右半供肝及3例左半供肝。右半供肝均不含肝中静脉,重量为400—860g（中位数550g）,右半供肝与受者标准肝重比为31．7％-71．7％（中位数45．4％）,供者残肝体积均大于全肝体积的35％。58例供者发生并发症7例（12．5％）,无死亡。术后住院时间7—30d（中位数11d）。术后对56例受者随访2—52个月（中位数11个月）,发生并发症15例（26．8％）,死亡4例（7．2％）。1年实际生存率92．8％。结论采用不包含肝中静脉的右半供肝,术前CT测量残肝体积〉35％,同时右半供肝与受者标准肝重比〉40％者进行右半肝移植可保证供受者安全,反之则应考虑采用双供肝肝移植。     

成人间活体扩大右半肝移植治疗急性肝功能衰竭

目的介绍成人间活体扩大右半肝移植治疗急性肝功能衰竭的临床经验。方法对1例42岁男性急性肝功能衰竭合并肝性脑病Ⅲ期患者行活体扩大右半肝移植治疗。其45岁姐姐为供者,CT评估供者包含肝中静脉的扩大右半肝体积为728．4cm^2（801g）,供肝／受者体重比为1．3％。供肝之肝右、中静脉整形后与受者整形后之肝右静脉行端-侧吻合;供受者门静脉、肝动脉行端．端吻合。供肝胆管整形后与受者胆总管行端-端吻合。结果供、受者手术均成功。供者术后恢复顺利,受者术后8h恢复意识,14d后丙氨酸转氨酶、总胆红素等指标首次下降至正常水平。术后16d曾出现转氨酶明显升高,给予甲泼尼龙1000mg冲击治疗后恢复正常。随访至今,供受者已健康生存8个月,均未出现胆管、肝动脉及静脉回流等并发症。结论扩大右半肝移植在技术上完全可行。能为成人患者提供足够重量的移植物,尤其对于急性肝功能衰竭患者具有重要意义,术前精确的影像学评估,熟练的肝切除和肝移植技术是确保该类手术成功的关键因素。     

上腹部器官簇移植手术方式的探讨

目的探讨上腹部器官簇移植治疗多脏器恶性肿瘤的可行性及临床效果。方法上腹部器官簇移植受者2例,其中男、女各1例;均为胰腺癌肝转移患者。2例患者分别于2004年5月和8月接受上腹部器官簇移植治疗,切除脏器包括全胃、肝脏、胰腺、脾脏、十二指肠及部分空肠,移植器官簇包括肝脏、胰腺、十二指肠。其中1例胰腺肿物侵犯肠系膜上动脉（SMA）,切断SMA后,其远端与右髂总动脉吻合重建血供。结果2例患者于术后4h及5h清醒,8h及10h后撤除呼吸机;术后第3天及第5天从外科加强治疗病房转至普通病房。肝功能指标在手术1周后趋于正常;胰腺功能在10d内达到正常范围。1例患者存活12个月,死于肿瘤复发;另1例术后恢复平稳,术后20d自动出院。结论肝胰十二指肠器官簇移植为上腹部局部多脏器恶性肿瘤提供了一种手术上可行并具有一定疗效的治疗方法。