西藏昌都藏族15个短串联重复序列基因座的遗传多样性

的分布特点.用ARLEQUIN 3.0软件计算等位基因频率和各种多态性参数.结果 西藏昌都藏族群体中15个STR位点上观察到135个等位基因,等位基因频率分布在0.0065～0.5455之间;平均杂合度为0.7340,个体识别力除了TPOX(0.7927)和TH01(0.7919)外均大于0.8,累计个体识别力为0.9999998,累计非父排除率为0.99999997.结论 西藏昌都藏族15个STR位点均具有高度遗传多态性,是群体遗传学研究和法医学鉴定的可选位点.     

Interaction between prostaglandin D2 and chemoattractant receptor‐homologous molecule expressed on Th2 cells mediates cytokine production by Th2 lymphocytes in response to activated mast cells

The mechanisms by which immunologically activated mast cells stimulate the production of proinflammatory cytokines by T helper type 2 (Th2) lymphocytes were investigated in a human cell culture system. Supernatants collected from cord blood‐derived mast cells after treatment with immunoglobulin E (IgE)/anti‐IgE contained an activity that stimulated the production of interleukin (IL)‐4, IL‐5 and IL‐13 (both mRNA and protein) by Th2 lymphocytes. This activity was not detected in supernatants from unactivated mast cells and its production was inhibited by treatment of activated mast cells with the cyclo‐oxygenase inhibitor diclofenac. The concentration of diclofenac used inhibited completely the production of prostaglandin D₂ (PGD₂) but did not inhibit the release of histamine or leukotriene C₄. The effect of supernatants from activated mast cells was mimicked by exogenous PGD₂ at concentrations similar to those detected in the cultures of activated mast cells, and addition of exogenous PGD₂ to supernatants from diclofenac‐treated mast cells restored their ability to stimulate Th2 cytokine production. The ability of the mast cell supernatants to stimulate production of Th2 cytokines was not affected by addition of diclofenac to the Th2 cells directly, indicating that the production, but not the action, of the factor was sensitive to diclofenac treatment. Inhibition of chemoattractant receptor‐homologous molecule expressed on Th2 cells (CRTH2) abolished the effect of the mast cell supernatants on Th2 cytokine production. These data indicate that mast cells have the ability to stimulate Th2 cells to elaborate cytokines independently of T cell receptor activation or co‐stimulation and this response is mediated by PGD₂ acting upon CRTH2 expressed by Th2 cells.     

宫角妊娠并胎盘植入引起子宫破裂一例并文献复习

宫角妊娠是一种少见的特殊类型异位妊娠,因其位置特殊极易漏诊,继续妊娠可能引起各种并发症,如流产、胎盘植入和子宫破裂等。穿透性胎盘植入更是产科少见的并发症,当宫角妊娠合并胎盘植入时,极易引起子宫破裂而发生大出血危及母儿生命。现报道吉林大学第二医院收治的1例宫角妊娠并胎盘植入引起子宫破裂的病例资料,并复习相关文献。探讨其发病原因、诊断和治疗方法,为临床诊断及治疗提供思路。     

免疫功能障碍与子宫内膜异位症发生发展的研究现状

子宫内膜异位症(endometriosis,EMs)是一种雌激素依赖性疾病,通常与慢性盆腔疼痛及不孕症有关,影响约10%~15%的育龄期妇女。近年免疫功能障碍已证明是子宫内膜碎片逆行后促进异位病灶生长的关键因素。EMs患者几乎所有的免疫细胞功能都发生了变化,例如T细胞反应性和NK细胞毒性降低;B细胞多克隆激活、抗体产生增加;腹腔单核细胞活化数量增加等。此外,EMs中存在的高雌激素环境以及雌激素受体亚型的异常分布也会影响免疫细胞的募集及功能。但是免疫功能异常是造成EMs的初始原因还是由于该疾病导致的结局尚存争议。     

The influence of Gelatin/PCL ratio and 3-D construct shape of electrospun membranes on cartilage regeneration

Scaffolds play an important role in directing three-dimensional (3-D) cartilage regeneration. Our recent study reported the potential advantages of electrospun gelatin/polycaprolactone (GT/PCL) membranes in regenerating 3-D cartilage. However, it is still unknown whether the changes of GT/PCL ratio have significant influence on 3-D cartilage regeneration. To address this issue, the current study prepared three kinds of electrospun membranes with different GT/PCL ratios (70:30, 50:50, 30:70). Adhesion and proliferation of chondrocytes on the membranes were examined to evaluate biocompatibility of the membranes. Cartilage with different 3-D shapes was engineered to further evaluate the influences of GT/PCL ratio on cartilage regeneration. The current results demonstrated that all the membranes with different GT/PCL ratios presented good biocompatibility with chondrocytes. Nevertheless, the high PCL content in the membranes significantly hampered early 3-D cartilage formation at 3 weeks in vivo. Unexpectedly, at 12 weeks, all the cylinder-shaped constructs formed mature cartilage-like tissue with no statistical differences among groups. To our surprise, ear-shaped cartilage regeneration obtained quite different results again: the high PCL content completely disrupted cartilage regeneration even at 12 weeks, and only the least PCL content group formed homogeneous and continuous cartilage with a satisfactory shape and elasticity similar to human ear. All these results indicated that the high PCL content was unfavorable for 3-D cartilage regeneration, especially for the cartilage with a complicated shape, and that GT/PCL 70:30 might be a relatively suitable ratio for ear-shaped cartilage regeneration. The research models established in the current study provide detailed information for cartilage and other tissue regeneration based on electrospun GT/PCL membranes.     

Silicate bioceramics enhanced vascularization and osteogenesis through stimulating interactions between endothelia cells and bone marrow stromal cells

The facts that biomaterials affect the behavior of single type of cells have been widely accepted. However, the effects of biomaterials on cell–cell interactions have rarely been reported. Bone tissue engineering involves osteoblastic cells (OCs), endothelial cells (ECs) and the interactions between OCs and ECs. It has been reported that silicate biomaterials can stimulate osteogenic differentiation of OCs and vascularization of ECs. However, the effects of silicate biomaterials on the interactions between ECs and OCs during vascularization and osteogenesis have not been reported, which are critical for bone tissue regeneration in vivo. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of calcium silicate (CS) bioceramics on interactions between human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and human bone marrow stromal cells (HBMSCs) and on stimulation of vascularization and osteogenesis in vivo through combining co-cultures with CS containing scaffolds. Specifically, the effects of CS on the angiogenic growth factor VEGF, osteogenic growth factor BMP-2 and the cross-talks between VEGF and BMP-2 in the co-culture system were elucidated. Results showed that CS stimulated co-cultured HBMSCs (co-HBMSCs) to express VEGF and the VEGF activated its receptor KDR on co-cultured HUVECs (co-HUVECs), which was also up-regulated by CS. Then, BMP-2 and nitric oxide expression from the co-HUVECs were stimulated by CS and the former stimulated osteogenic differentiation of co-HBMSCs while the latter stimulated vascularization of co-HVUECs. Finally, the poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)/CS composite scaffolds with the co-cultured HBMSCs and HUVECs significantly enhanced vascularization and osteogenic differentiation in vitro and in vivo, which indicates that it is a promising way to enhance bone regeneration by combining scaffolds containing silicate bioceramics and co-cultures of ECs and OCs.     

A star-shaped porphyrin-arginine functionalized poly(l-lysine) copolymer for photo-enhanced drug and gene co-delivery

The co-delivery of drug and gene has become the primary strategy in cancer and other disease therapy. To co-deliver hydrophobic drug and functional gene efficiently into tumor cells, a star-shaped copolymer (PP-PLLD-Arg) with a photochemical internalization effect consisting of a porphyrin (PP) core and arginine-functionalized poly(l-lysine) dendron (PLLD-Arg) arms has been designed, and used to co-deliver docetaxel (DOC) and MMP-9 shRNA plasmid for nasopharyngeal cancer therapy. It was found that PP-PLLD-Arg/MMP-9 nanocomplex showed the photo-enhanced gene transfection efficiency in vitro, and could mediate a significant reduce of MMP-9 protein expression in HNE-1 cells. For co-delivery analysis, the obtained PP-PLLD-Arg/DOC/MMP-9 complexes could induce a more significant apoptosis than DOC or MMP-9 used only, and decreased invasive capacity of HNE-1 cells. Moreover, the star-shaped copolymer exhibited better blood compatibility and lower cytotoxicity compared to PEI-25k in the hemolysis and MTT assays, and also showed a good biocompatibility in vivo. Therefore, PP-PLLD-Arg with suited irradiation is a promising non-toxic and photo-inducible effective drug and gene delivery strategy, which should be encouraged in tumor therapy.     

Prostate stem cell antigen antibody-conjugated multiwalled carbon nanotubes for targeted ultrasound imaging and drug delivery

Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are cut short and grafted with polyethylenimine (PEI) for further covalent conjugation to fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) and prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA) monoclonal antibody (mAb). The in vitro and in vivo toxicity data reveal that the as-prepared CNT-PEI(FITC)-mAb has good biocompatibility. Combined flow cytometry and confocal luminescence imaging experiments confirm that the CNT-PEI(FITC)-mAb can specifically target the cancer cells which overexpress PSCA. The results of in vitro and in vivo ultrasound (US) imaging indicate that CNT-PEI(FITC)-mAb has great potential to be used as a targeted US contrast agent. The in vivo anti-cancer efficacy testing using PC-3 tumor-bearing mice as animal models demonstrates that CNT-PEI(FITC)-mAb can targetedly deliver drug to the tumors and suppress tumor growth. Findings from this study suggest that the CNT-PEI(FITC)-mAb could be used as a multifunctional platform for simultaneous US imaging and drug delivery applications.     

半野技术结合非共面照射技术在乳腺癌胸锁联合照射中的应用

目的：介绍一种乳腺癌适形放疗中新的射野衔接技术,以保证乳腺癌患者放疗时锁骨上区域与胸壁区域靶区剂量均匀衔接,并降低治疗计划设计与实施中的操作复杂度。方法：选取一例乳腺癌胸锁联合照射病人,锁骨上靶区采用半野照射技术,胸壁靶区采用非共面切线野照射技术,使上下两组照射野在射野衔接处相切。使用直线加速器6MV-X射线照射靶区,处方剂量设置为50Gy包绕95％靶区体积,使用治疗计划系统计算三维剂量分布。结果：半野照射技术结合非共面照射技术应用于乳腺癌胸锁联合照射时,在治疗计划系统上显示处方剂量在射野衔接处均匀衔接,50Gy处方剂量等剂量线平滑,剂量线未见明显的凹陷和突出现象,无剂量冷热点出现。结论：半野照射技术联合非共面照射技术用于乳腺癌胸锁联合照射。在TPS上演示显示使用该方法能够使相邻射野剂量均匀衔接,适用于胸壁部分靶区头脚方向长度大于20cm的患者放射治疗需求,且使用方法较传统方法更加简单易行,值得推广,临床实际使用中建议使用验证手段来保障该技术的可靠性。     

慢性牙周炎患者血清生化指标分析

目的通过分析牙周炎患者和牙周健康者的血糖、血脂、血清钙水平,探讨血清生化指标的异常是否对牙周炎的发生发展起促进作用。方法研究对象225人均无全身系统性疾病,病例组为慢性牙周炎患者145人,以临床附着丧失（CAL）<3 mm或CAL≥3 mm分为轻度组和中、重度组,对照组为牙周健康者80人,空腹抽取静脉血,检测血糖、血脂和血清钙水平,用SPSS 12.0统计软件包对血清学指标进行统计分析。结果病例组和对照组血脂和血清钙水平无显著差异（P>0.05）,病例组血糖、低密度脂蛋白高于临界值者和高密度脂蛋白、血清钙低于临界值者比例明显高于对照组（P<0.05）,轻度组血糖、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白水平明显低于中、重度组（P<0.05。结论血糖、血脂升高,血清钙降低可能增加宿主对牙周炎的易感性和促进牙周炎的发展。