肝细胞生长因子基因转染骨髓间充质干细胞对脂肪颗粒移植存活率的影响

目的研究携带人肝细胞生长因子基因的重组腺病毒（Ad—HGF）修饰骨髓间充质干细胞（MSCs）对大鼠脂肪颗粒移植存活率的影响。方法用携带绿色荧光蛋白的重组腺病毒（Ad-GFP）、Ad—HGF转染雄性Wistar大鼠MSCs,测定转染效率与感染上清中肝细胞生长因子（HGF）的表达。用雌性Wistar大鼠150只,随机分为5组：空白对照组（A组）、Ad—HGF组（B组）、MSCs组（C组）、Ad—GFP感染MSCs组（D组）和Ad—HGF感染MSCs组（E组）,每组30只。各组均匀振动5分钟,将颗粒脂肪移植于自体背部皮下;移植后3、5、7、14、28、60d,每组各取5只大鼠脱颈处死,取出移植物;测体积、HE、Masson染色观察病理改变,免疫组织化学法测定组织中HGF表达和血管生成。结果积分吸光度＝100时,Ad—GFP转染MSCs效率可达89．6％;移植后3、5、7、14d,E组移植物中HGF的表达高于其他各组（P〈0．05）;移植后5、7、14、28、60d,E组血管数量也多于其他各组（P〈0．05）;28d和60d时,E组脂肪颗粒体积保持率明显好于其他4组（P〈0．05）。结论携带HGF基因的MSCs在移植物中能够持续表达HGF,有效地减少脂肪颗粒移植后的吸收,从而提高移植颗粒脂肪的存活率。     

Combinatorial Inhibition of Myostatin and Activin A Improves Femoral Bone Properties in the G610C Mouse Model of Osteogenesis Imperfecta

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a collagen-related bone disorder characterized by fragile osteopenic bone and muscle weakness. We have previously shown that the soluble activin receptor type IIB decoy (sActRIIB) molecule increases muscle mass and improves bone strength in the mild to moderate G610C mouse model of OI. The sActRIIB molecule binds multiple transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) ligands, including myostatin and activin A. Here, we investigate the musculoskeletal effects of inhibiting activin A alone, myostatin alone, or both myostatin and activin A in wild-type (Wt) and heterozygous G610C (+/G610C) mice using specific monoclonal antibodies. Male and female Wt and +/G610C mice were treated twice weekly with intraperitoneal injections of monoclonal control antibody (Ctrl-Ab, Regn1945), anti-activin A antibody (ActA-Ab, Regn2476), anti-myostatin antibody (Mstn-Ab, Regn647), or both ActA-Ab and Mstn-Ab (Combo, Regn2476, and Regn647) from 5 to 16 weeks of age. Prior to euthanasia, whole body composition, metabolism and muscle force generation assessments were performed. Post euthanasia, hindlimb muscles were evaluated for mass, and femurs were evaluated for changes in microarchitecture and biomechanical strength using micro–computed tomography (μCT) and three-point bend analyses. ActA-Ab treatment minimally impacted the +/G610C musculoskeleton, and was detrimental to bone strength in male +/G610C mice. Mstn-Ab treatment, as previously reported, resulted in substantial increases in hindlimb muscle weights and overall body weights in Wt and male +/G610C mice, but had minimal skeletal impact in +/G610C mice. Conversely, the Combo treatment outperformed ActA-Ab alone or Mstn-Ab alone, consistently increasing hindlimb muscle and body weights regardless of sex or genotype and improving bone microarchitecture and strength in both male and female +/G610C and Wt mice. Combinatorial inhibition of activin A and myostatin more potently increased muscle mass and bone microarchitecture and strength than either antibody alone, recapturing most of the observed benefits of sActRIIB treatment in +/G610C mice. © 2022 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).     

多层螺旋CT双期增强扫描结合仿真内镜成像在膀胱癌术前分期中的诊断价值

目的 探讨多层螺旋CT双期增强扫描结合仿真内镜成像在膀胱癌术前分期中的诊断价值.方法 经纤维膀胱镜或手术病理证实为膀胱癌患者75例.对患者术前螺旋CT双期增强扫描图像和仿真内镜图像进行分析,比较多层螺旋CT分期与病理分期的准确率.结果 75例患者共发现病灶94个.螺旋CT分期:T1 26例、T2a 27例、T2b 13例、T3 12例、T4 16例;病理分期:pT1 28例、pT2a 24例、pT2b 14例、pT3 12例、pT4 16例.螺旋CT双期增强扫描诊断膀胱癌准确率为89.4%(84/94);腔内息肉样病变,仿真内镜诊断敏感性96.6%(84/87);膀胱壁无蒂隆起性病变诊断敏感性为90.9%(10/11).螺旋CT双期增强扫描结合仿真内镜诊断膀胱癌分期准确率为94.5%(91/94),当肿瘤局限于膀胱壁内(≤T2b)时,诊断准确率为91.2%(51/56);肿瘤侵犯膀胱壁外结构时(≥T3),诊断准确率达100.0%(28/28).结论 多层螺旋CT双期增强扫描结合仿真内镜成像对膀胱癌术前临床分期具有重要价值.     

Are vitamin B12 and folate deficiency clinically important after roux-en-Y gastric bypass?

Although iron, vltamm B₁₂, and folate deficiency have been well documented after gastric bypass operations performed for morbid obesity, there is surprisingly little information on either the natural course or the treatment of these deficiencies in Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) patients Durmg a l0-year period, a complete blood count and serum levels of iron, total iron-binding capacity, vltamin B₁₂, and folate were obtained in 348 patients preoperatively and postoperatively at 6-month intervals for the first 2 years, then annually thereafter The principal objectives of this study were to determine how readily patients who developed metabolic deficiencies after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass responded to postoperative supplements of the deficient micronutrient and to learn whether the risk of developmg these deficiencies decreases over time Hemoglobin and hematocrit levels were slgnificantly decreased at all postoperative intervals in comparison to preoperative values Moreover, at each successive interval through 5 years, hemoglobin and hematocrit were decreased signifiantly compared to the preceding interval Folate levels were significantly increased compared to preoperative levels at all time intervals Iron and vltamin B₁₂ levels were lower than preoperative measurements and remained relatively stable postoperatively Half of the low hemoglobin levels were not associated with iron deficiency Taking multivltamin supplements resulted in a lower incidence of folate deficiency but did not prevent iron or vitamin B₁₂ deficiency Oral supplementation of iron and vitamin B₁₂ corrected defiaencies in 43% and 81% of cases, respectively Folate deficiency was almost always corrected with multivitamins alone No patient had symptoms that could be attributed to either vitamin B₁₂ or folate deficiency Conversely, many patients had symptoms of iron deficiency and anenua Lack of symptoms of vitamin B₁₂ and folate deficiency suggests that these deficiencies are not clinically important after RYGB Conversely, iron deficiency and anemia are potentially serious problems after RYGB, particularly in younger women Hence we recommend prophylactic oral iron supplements to premenopausal women who undergo RYGB     

Investigation of biases in the general public in evaluating mild head injury using neuropsychological and CT scan results: forensic implications

The purpose of this study was to determine how the general public considers neuropsychological (NP) vs. CT scan data in assessing the effects of a possible mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI). Ten scenarios depicting an MTBI from a motor vehicle accident were presented to community volunteer participants. Case scenarios differed with regard to diagnostic information presented (i.e., all combinations of normal, abnormal, or absent NP and CT results were provided). The number of participants ranged from 31 to 42 across the 10 cases and there were no age or educational differences among the groups. Participants rated the likelihood of symptoms being attributable to brain damage from the accident on a 7-point Likert-type scale. Scenarios with positive NP or CT results were rated as more likely to have sustained brain damage than when NP/CT results were negative. However, when NP and CT data were contradictory (i.e., one positive and the other negative), there were no differences in the ratings of the participants. Thus, members of the general public did not demonstrate any preconceived bias about the validity of NP vs. CT results in MTBI. Women were more likely than men to attribute symptoms to brain damage from the motor vehicle accident, as did participants with a history of TBI. Forensic implications are discussed.     

Horizontal cell receptive fields are reduced in connexin57-deficient mice

Horizontal cells are coupled by gap junctions; the extensive coupling of the horizontal cells is reflected in their large receptive fields, which extend far beyond the dendritic arbor of the individual cell. In the mouse retina, horizontal cells express connexin57 (Cx57). Tracer coupling of horizontal cells is impaired in Cx57-deficient mice, which suggests that the receptive fields of Cx57-deficient horizontal cells might be similarly reduced. To test this hypothesis we measured the receptive fields of horizontal cells from wildtype and Cx57-deficient mice. First, we examined the synaptic connections between horizontal cells and photoreceptors: no major morphological alterations were found. Moreover, horizontal cell spacing and dendritic field size were unaffected by Cx57 deletion. We used intracellular recordings to characterize horizontal cell receptive fields. Length constants were computed for each cell using the cell's responses to concentric light spots of increasing diameter. The length constant was dependent on the intensity of the stimulus: increasing stimulus intensity reduced the length constant. Deletion of Cx57 significantly reduced horizontal cell receptive field size. Dark resting potentials were strongly depolarized and response amplitudes reduced in Cx57-deficient horizontal cells compared to the wildtype, suggesting an altered input resistance. This was confirmed by patch-clamp recordings from dissociated horizontal cells; mean input resistance of Cx57-deficient horizontal cells was 27% lower than that of wildtype cells. These data thus provide the first quantification of mouse horizontal cell receptive field size and confirm the unique role of Cx57 in horizontal cell coupling and physiology.     

中药强骨丹对去卵巢骨质疏松大鼠骨密度和骨生物力学的影响

[目的]观察中药强骨丹对去卵巢骨质疏松大鼠骨密度和骨生物力学的影响,探讨其治疗绝经后骨质疏松症的作用。[方法]运用切除大鼠卵巢方法建立去卵巢骨质疏松症模型,随机分为假手术组、模型组、强骨丹高、低剂量组和西药组5组,每组10只。摘除卵巢后第4天分别给予生理盐水、强骨丹高、低剂量和二膦酸盐,各组均在服药14周后处死动物,进行血清雌二醇、骨密度、骨矿含量和骨生物力学测定。[结果]强骨丹能够明显升高去卵巢骨质疏松大鼠血清雌二醇水平,使骨密度和骨矿含量增加,胫骨最大载荷显著提高。[结论]强骨丹可通过提高机体雌激素水平,降低骨的转换率,增加骨密度,有效维持骨生物力学性能,对绝经后骨质疏松症有防治作用。     

Association between palmoplantar pustulosis and cigarette smoking in Brazil: a case–control study

Background  Palmoplantar pustulosis (PPP) discloses some differences compared to vulgar psoriasis (PV) in terms of age of onset, female predominance and low occurrence of psoriasis lesions elsewhere. Cigarette smoking has been associated to PPP in international studies; nevertheless, these studies were never performed among Brazilian.
Objectives  To compare prevalence of smoking among PPP, PV and other dermatologic patients (NPD).
Methods  Case–control study involving 25 PPP patients from a reference psoriasis centre. Two control groups were matched according to gender and age: 50 patients with PV and 50 NPD. Confounders were adjusted by conditional multiple logistic regression.
Results  Among cases, 84.0% were female and PPP age of disease onset (41.4 years) was greater than PV (34.5 years). Prevalence of ever smoking was higher among cases (92.0%) than PV (52.0%) and NPD (30.0%). Adjusted odds ratio of PPP ever smoking compared to PV and NPD was 9.5 and 36.2, respectively. All smokers reported the onset of their habit before the development of PPP.
Conclusions  There was significant association between PPP and smoking. However, the impact of giving it up in the clinical course of the disease remains to be established.     

Problematik der asynchronen Schrittmacherstimulation

In cases where technical systems interfere with each other, normalization should be the consequence. If a pacemaker patient enters a strong magnetic field, the pacemaker switches to its asynchronous interference mode. The question whether asynchronous pacing is tolerable in all patients, is the subject of the following discussion. In the 1960s there was nothing but asynchronous stimulation in implantable and external pacemakers and numerous reports on fibrillation due to asynchronous pacing were published at that time. Even a few seconds are sufficient to elicit ventricular fibrillation. One of the youngest papers on fibrillation appeared in 2004 in which atrial ?undersensing“ was the cause of ventricular asynchronous pacing. That episodes of fibrillation under asynchronous pacing are nowadays rare is explained by modern electrodes with low thresholds, but fibrillation can also be caused by asynchronous pacing in tachycardial phases during which the fibrillation threshold is reduced. This can be verified by deaths of patients with bradycardia-tachycardia syndrome which occurred during magnetic resonance imaging. Even if very few reports have been published during the last 10 years, this is by no means evidence that they do not exist. It can be concluded that: 1) the risk of producing ventricular fibrillation by applying a magnet is low but still exists. From this it follows that physicians are duty bound to inform the patient of such risks. 2) Asynchronous pacing during tachycardia must be strictly avoided because of the reduced fibrillation threshold. 3) In pacemaker patients with sudden cardiac death, it should be investigated whether ventricular fibrillation was induced by asynchronous pacing.