Effects of KCl on 45Ca uptake and efflux in the rat vas deferens.

The effects of KCl 160 mM on 45Ca uptake and efflux in the rat isolated vas deferens were investigated using a modification of the lanthanum method and a superfusion system respectively. In the prostatic half, basal cellular 45Ca uptake was 679 +/- 21 nmol g-1 tissue wet weight and KCl 160 mM increased this by 155%. In the epididymal half, basal cellular 45Ca uptake was 730 +/- 28 nmol 45Ca g-1 and KCl 160 mM increased this by 46%. Verapamil 2.04 microM or nifedipine 0.29 microM had no or little effect on basal 45Ca efflux or on basal 45Ca uptake. The KCl-induced increase in 45Ca uptake in both halves was inhibited by verapamil 2.04 microM or nifedipine 0.29 microM, concentrations which markedly reduce the contractile response. It is concluded that high K+ contracts the rat vas deferens by stimulation of the entry of extracellular Ca2+ to the intracellular compartment. KCl 160 mM produced a large, rapid and reversible increase in the rate of 45Ca efflux into Ca2+-containing and Ca2+-free Krebs-Henseleit solutions, which was not inhibited by verapamil 2.04 microM, nifedipine 0.29 microM or nitroprusside 1,678 microM. The relative size of the slow component of 45Ca efflux was larger in the prostatic half compared to the epididymal half of bisected tissues, suggesting that the postulated high affinity binding sites are predominant in this region. However, the rates of the fast and slow components of 45Ca efflux from prostatic and epididymal halves were identical. KCl 160 mM produced a similar increase in 45Ca efflux in prostatic and epididymal halves.     

A longitudinal typology of symptoms of depression and anxiety over the life course.

BACKGROUND: Little is known about long-term profiles of depressive and anxious symptomatology over the life course and about the developmental determinants of different trajectories. The objective of this study was to identify a novel typology of symptoms of depression and anxiety over the life course and examine its neurodevelopmental antecedents in an epidemiological sample. METHODS: A longitudinal latent variable analysis was conducted on measures of anxious and depressive symptoms at ages 13, 15, 36, 43, and 53 years among 4627 members of the Medical Research Council National Survey of Health & Development (the British 1946 birth cohort). Early life predictors of class membership were studied with ordinal logistic regression. RESULTS: We identified six distinct profiles up to age 53: absence of symptoms (44.8% of sample); repeated moderate symptoms (33.6%); adult-onset moderate symptoms (11.3%); adolescent symptoms with good adult outcome (5.8%); adult-onset severe symptoms (2.9%); and repeated severe symptoms over the life course (1.7%). Heavier babies had lower likelihood of depressive and anxious symptoms (odds ratio [OR] = .92; 95% confidence interval [CI] .85-.99), whereas delay in first standing (OR = 1.19; 95% CI 1.11-1.28) and walking (OR = 1.22; 95% CI 1.14-1.31) was associated with subsequent higher likelihood of symptoms, controlling for social circumstances and stressful life events during childhood. CONCLUSIONS: There was evidence of distinct profiles of depressive and anxious symptomatology over the life course and associations with markers of neurodevelopment. This suggests very early factors are associated with long-term experience of symptoms of depression and anxiety.     

CD4（＋）CD56（＋）谱系阴性的恶性肿瘤是一种少见的浆细胞样树突状细胞肿瘤

CD4（＋）CD56（＋）谱系阴性的恶性肿瘤是最近命名的一种少见的造血系统疾病。“谱系阴性”是指支持髓细胞、B细胞、T细胞和NK细胞来源的标记物表达阴性。CD4（＋）CD56（＋）谱系阴性的恶性肿瘤很难诊断和分类。最近研究发现该肿瘤可能来自于浆细胞样树突状细胞（pDC）。为了更好地掌握该肿瘤的临床、组织形态学、免疫表型、细胞遗传学和分子特点，     

ABO-incompatible pediatric bone marrow transplantation: a simple method to remove red blood cells from small volume marrow grafts.

A simple and reliable technique for removal of ABO incompatible marrow red cells is described. This method requires a blood cell processor and third party red cells are used as a shelf. Using this technique, nine children age 0.5-11.5 years received allogeneic bone marrow transplantation from ABO incompatible donors. A median of 4.8 ml of incompatible red cells were transfused. There was no evidence of a hemolytic transfusion reaction in any patient. A median of 75% of nucleated marrow cells were recovered and used for transplantation. Engraftment occurred at the same time as with ABO compatible transplants. Autologous marrow red cells were reinfused into four young donors. This 'shelf' technique for red cell depletion is an acceptable method for processing small volume, ABO incompatible marrow harvests from pediatric donors.     

Contraction followed by relaxation in response to hypoxia in the sheep isolated middle cerebral artery

In rings of sheep middle cerebral artery, precontracted with 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) 10 microM, hypoxia (pO2 = 10 mm Hg) caused contraction and re-oxygenation caused a transient further relaxation. The hypoxic contraction was abolished and the re-oxygenation relaxation was reduced by removal of the endothelium. BW755C 20 microM reduced the hypoxic contraction and re-oxygenation relaxation. Haemolysate 1 microliter/ml and methylene blue 10 microM reduced the hypoxic contraction and re-oxygenation relaxation and enhanced the hypoxic relaxation phase. It is concluded that the endothelium of isolated rings of sheep middle cerebral artery releases vasoconstrictor substances during hypoxia and releases vasodilator substances during re-oxygenation.     

Splenic lymphoma: ferrite-enhanced MR imaging in rats

Ferrite, a new magnetic resonance (MR) contrast agent, was evaluated in the detection and diagnosis of splenic lymphoma. Before administration of ferrite, normal rat spleens and spleens with diffuse lymphoma showed similar in vitro relaxation times and in vivo MR imaging signal-to-noise ratios (S/N). After the administration of ferrite (50 mumol Fe/kg), the T2 time of lymphomatous spleen was 27.0 msec +/- 2.9 (mean +/- standard deviation), which was significantly greater than that of normal spleen (10.7 msec +/- 1.5, P less than .005). The S/N of ferrite-enhanced in vivo MR images of lymphomatous spleen was 12.4 +/- 0.9, which was significantly greater than normal (5.7 +/- 0.2, P less than .005). Similar experiments with animal models of micronodular lymphoma also demonstrated that ferrite-enhanced MR imaging can distinguish micronodular lymphoma from normal spleen. Benign splenomegaly, studied with an animal model of erythroid hyperplasia, showed ferrite-enhanced MR tissue characteristics that were indistinguishable from those of normal spleen.     

Morphology and contractile properties of smooth muscle cells isolated from the dog carotid artery

Collagenase and elastase treatment was used to isolate vascular smooth muscle cells from canine carotid artery. Their structure and function were compared to those in situ. Morphological studies showed that these cells when relaxed in situ were 120-133 micron mean length, connected by numerous typical gap junctions, covered by a basal lamina and like other smooth muscles in structure. After isolation, the median length of single cells was 82 micron. There was structural evidence of some contraction and the basal lamina was absent, but many structures were preserved. Cell clumps of 2-15 cells were often found; cells in such clumps often appeared to be all relaxed or all contracted. Isolated single cells contracted to KCl elevation or to norepinephrine up to 49 or 37% of initial length, EC50 values for contraction by norepinephrine and KCl were 0.4 microM and 40 mM, respectively; norepinephrine maximum contraction was about 35% less than that for KCl. Lightly loaded spirally cut strips from carotid artery were also studied. EC50 values for norepinephrine and KCl were 4 microM and 40 mM and unaffected by removal of the endothelium. Again, maximum contractions to norepinephrine were less than those to KCl. Contraction speeds were similar for isolated cells and intact strips. However, relaxation of maximally contracted isolated cells did not occur within 10 min. We conclude that canine carotid artery smooth muscle cells can be isolated with little structural or functional damage. The large number of gap junctions between cells and the tendency for cells to be isolated in small groups connected by gap junctions suggests that these cells would be useful for study of cell-to-cell coupling between arterial muscle cells.     

Coping and responses to stress in Navajo adolescents: Psychometric properties of the Responses to Stress Questionnaire

This study tested the factor structure of coping and stress responses in Navajo adolescents and examined the reliability and validity of the Responses to Stress Questionnaire (RSQ; Connor‐Smith, Compas, Wadsworth, Thomsen, & Saltzman, 2000) with this population. Confirmatory factor analyses revealed that a correlated five‐factor model of stress responses using the five factors of the RSQ fit the data well for this group of adolescents. The factor structure of the RSQ did not differ by gender. Internal consistency of the RSQ scales and factors was acceptable, and convergent and discriminant validity were moderate to high. Primary and secondary control engagement coping responses were associated with fewer depressive symptoms in the sample, whereas disengagement coping and involuntary engagement responses were associated with more depressive symptoms. The promising implications for stress and coping research with American Indian adolescents are emphasized. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comm Psychol 32: 391–411, 2004.