Ⅱ型早期胃癌内镜诊断11例

1　对象和方法1.1　对象　 1986 - 0 6 /1998- 12共行胃镜检查 2 40 0 0人次 ,发现 型早期胃癌本组 11(男 9,女 2 )例 ,年龄 40～ 71(平均5 2 .3)岁 ,上胀隐痛 6例 ,腹胀 3例 ,纳差 ,乏力 2例 ,伴黑便 2例 .1.2　方法　按常规进行胃镜检查 .手术前于外院及本院共行胃镜检查 19次 ,除 1次因故未取活检外 ,其余 18次均于疑诊部位取活检 2～ 10块 ,11例中有 6例系 1次确诊 ,3例经 2次胃镜检查及活检确诊 ,1例经 3次胃镜检查及活检确诊 ,1例 b型早期胃癌共经 4次胃镜检查 ,3次活检方得以确诊 .2　结果　胃窦部 5例 ,胃角 2例 ,胃体小弯 3例 ,…     

运动疗法对糖尿病患者血糖的影响

0　引言　运动是治疗糖尿病的基本原则之一 .参加适当的文体活动、体育运动和体力劳动 ,可促进糖的利用、减轻胰岛负但 .对于 型糖尿病 ,运动和饮食是一切治疗的基础和保障 ;对于 型糖尿病来说 ,最根本的则是保持饮食、运动和胰岛素作用三者的平衡和统一 ,三者缺一不可 ,只有这样才能使血糖得到良好的控制 .1　对象和方法1.1　对象　从就诊于福建省泉州市人民医院内科糖尿病患者中抽取 77例 ,按照统计学方法随机分成 2组 ,一组患者为无参加系统体育运动 ,只用药物控制血糖 ,共 36 (男 2 3,女 13)例 ,年龄 38～ 70 (平均 5 6± 2 1)岁 ;病…     

Radiographic damage in large joints in early rheumatoid arthritis: relationship with radiographic damage in hands and feet, disease activity, and physical disability

An assessment of the onset of radiographic damage in the large joints (hip, knees, shoulders, elbows, ankles and tarsus) in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis, and the relationship of the progression of large joint damage with joint damage in hands and feet, with physical disability, and with cumulative disease activity, was performed in a prospective 6 yr follow-up study. Large joint damage appeared to be an early phenomenon with 20% of the patients having some damage in at least one large joint within 1 yr, and 50% of the patients within 6 yr after disease onset. Radiographic damage in large joints was significantly related to the damage in hands and feet, the physical disability index, and the cumulative disease activity. The initial disease activity at study entry was the only prognostic factor that reached significance.      

The use of monoclonal antibodies and flow cytometry in the diagnosis of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

We have characterized the erythrocytes, granulocytes, and platelets of 54 patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) with antibodies to glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins (anti- CD55, anti-CD59, and anti-CD16) and flow cytometry to establish the usefulness of this technique in the diagnosis of this disorder. All patients demonstrated either completely (PNH III) or partially (PNH II) deficient red cells and granulocytes. Anti-CD59 best demonstrated PNH II red cells, which were present in 50% of the patients. The proportion of abnormal granulocytes was usually greater than the proportion of abnormal red cells; 37% of the patients had >80% abnormal granulocytes. Anti-CD55 did not delineate the erythrocyte populations as well as did anti-CD59. Either anti-CD55 or anti-CD59 could be used equally well to analyze granulocytes; anti-CD16 did not demonstrate cells of partial deficiency. Platelets could not be used for detailed analysis as the normal and abnormal populations were not well distinguished. Flow cytometry of erythrocytes using anti-CD59 or of granulocytes using either anti-CD55 or anti-CD59 provides the most accurate technique for the diagnosis of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria; it is clearly more specific, more quantitative, and more sensitive than the tests for PNH that depend upon hemolysis by complement (the acidified serum lysis [Ham] test, the sucrose lysis test, and the complement lysis sensitivity [CLS] test).     

Inhibitors of complement derived from the erythrocyte membrane in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

Extracts of the membranes of normal red cells and red cells from all subpopulations of paroxysmal nocturnal (PNH) red cells inhibited antibody-mediated complement activation. These extracts were shown to accelerate decay of the complement complex. C42, and the relative amount of inhibitory activity was similar in normal and PNH membranes. Inhibitors derived from normal red cells markedly decreased lysis of both PNH and normal cells when antibody was present in excess and complement was limiting. These same inhibitors decreased PNH cell lysis to a much lesser degree when complement was activated with cobra venom or acidified serum. The susceptibility of the PNH cell to complement lysis because of an increased fixation of C3 to its membrane is not due to a difference in membrane-associated accelerator of the decay of the C42 complex.     

Treatment of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

Patients with PNH may be treated with a number of known agents. As in all patients with a chronic disease, a regimen tolerable over a long period of time must be selected. Knowledge and anticipation of complications and their proper treatment are essential parts in the treatment. When these principals are used, many patients may live reasonable lives for very long periods of time.     

Levels of retinoblastoma protein expression in newly diagnosed acute myelogenous leukemia

The relationship between the level of retinoblastoma protein (RB) expression and the survival of 113 newly diagnosed acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) patients was studied. Western blotting was used to determine the level of RB protein present in peripheral blood leukemia cells and results were confirmed in 26 patients by immunohistochemistry. The leukemic cells from 22/113 AML patients (19%) contained RB protein at levels that were equal to or less than the level of RB observed in the mononuclear cell fraction of peripheral blood from normal individuals (Low RB). Levels of RB greater than that of normal blood (Elevated RB) were seen in 91 patients (81%). The median survival of patients with low RB was significantly shorter than that seen in patients with elevated RB, 12 weeks versus 40 weeks (P = .02). Remission induction frequency was 36% in low RB patients compared with 68% in AML patients with elevated RB (P = .01). Multivariate analysis showed that low RB protein level was an independent prognostic factor predictive or poor survival after allowing for other known prognostic factors. These data suggest that a low level of the RB protein at the time of diagnosis is associated with shortened survival in AML patients because of inferior response to conventional therapy. Monitoring of the RB level could identify a subgroup of AML patients with an extremely poor prognosis when treated with chemotherapy alone, who would be eligible for alternative therapeutic strategies.     

α干扰素对慢性丙型肝炎血清中HCVRNA水平的影响

目的：了解ＨＣＶ不同基因型对α干扰素治疗的反应。方法：采取干扰素不同治疗量和不同疗程治疗病人。血清用逆转录酶一聚台酶链反应扩增ＨＣＶＲＮＡ５－非编码区，再用Ｓｌｏｔ－ｂｌｏｔ杂交鉴定。结果：ＨＣＶＲＮＡ阴转，丙氨酸转氨酶（ＡＬＴ）降至正常（完全反应）占４０．０％；３ｘ１０￣６Ｕ治疗一月无反应，增量６ｘ１０￣６Ｕ出现前述结果（部分反应Ｉ）占３６．７％：增量６ｘ１０￣６Ｕ治疗一月无反应，再增量９ｘ１０￣６Ｕ出现前述完全反应结果（部分反应Ⅱ）占１５．０％；增量９×１０￣６Ｕ治疗一月无反应（无反应）占８．３％。３８．６％ＨＣＶ基因１型、４４．４％Ⅱ型、４２．９％Ⅲ型是完全反应。２４例完全反应病人中１５例治疗前ＨＣＶＲＮＡ拷贝数低于１０／ｍｌ。结论：各基因型对于扰索的治疗反应无显著性差异，肝损害轻、血清ＨＣＶＲＮＡ拷贝数低者对干扰素治疗反应较好。     

Molecular characterization of a novel form of (A gamma delta beta)zero thalassemia deletion in a Chinese family

We have identified and molecularly characterized a novel deletion in the beta-globin gene cluster that is associated with elevated fetal hemoglobin in the adult. The propositus is a homozygote from the Yunnan province of China. The deletion spans about 90 kb of DNA and removes the A gamma, delta, and beta-globin genes. The 5' breakpoint of the deletion is located about 0.13 kb upstream from the A gamma-globin gene, whereas the 3' breakpoint is located about 66 kb downstream from the beta-globin gene, about 13 kb upstream from the breakpoint of the Chinese (A gamma delta beta)zero-thalassemia. Heterozygotes for this Yunnanese form of (A gamma delta beta)zero-thalassemia express between 9% and 17% of fetal hemoglobin, whereas the homozygote present with a mild anemia (Hb = 10.7 g/dl). Comparison of the sites of 3' breakpoints of the Yunnanese and the Chinese (A gamma delta beta)zero-thalassemia mutants is compatible with the hypothesis that an enhancer element is located between the 3' breakpoints of these two mutants. Juxta-position to the G gamma gene of this element may be responsible for the efficient gamma-gene expression in the Yunnanese mutant.