肿瘤坏死因子刺激牛脑微血管内皮细胞释放内皮素-1及粉防己碱的拮抗作用

目的:观察肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）对培养的牛脑微血管内皮细胞释放内皮素-1（ET－1）的刺激作用及粉防己碱（Tet）对ET－1释放的抑制作用。方法：放免测定法。结果：TNF在（l～100μg·L(-1)）之间能剂量依赖性的促进牛脑微血管内皮细胞释放ET-1，Tet（10(－6)～10(－4)mol·L(－1)）能拮抗TNF诱导的ET－1释放并呈量效关系。     

卡马西平多晶型的研究

红外吸收图谱与中国药典图谱不符合的卡马西平（Ａ晶），可通过用较高浓度乙醇使其转为Ｂ晶而符合规定，经￣（１３）ＣＮＭＲ、ＭＳ、Ｘ线衍射分拆，证实该两种晶体为同质异晶。     

乙型肝炎患者可溶性白细胞介素2受体水平变化

本研究应用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测了103例乙型肝炎各型患者及26倒乙肝病毒(HBV)携带者血清中可溶性白细胞介素2受体(sIL-2R)水平,并结合临床资料进行分析。结果发现:各型患者及HBV 携带者sIL-2R 水平均明显高于正常对照(P<0.01～0.001),其升高程度与病情轻重呈正比,在去除危重患者酶—胆分离时谷丙转氨酶(ALT)过低的影响后,sIL-2R 水平与ALT 有良好的正相关关系(r=0.38.p<0.05);作者认为sIL-2R 能够较好地反映疾病的活动状况,动态观察血清sIL-2R 水平的变化,对判断和评价HBV 感染后的病情演变及免疫失衡状态具有重要意义。     

Time-dependent Effects of Klebsiella pneumoniae Endotoxin on Hepatic Drug-metabolizing Enzyme Activity in Rats

The time-dependent effects of Klebsiella pneumoniae endotoxin on hepatic cytochrome P450-dependent drug-metabolizing capacity (cytochrome P450 and b₅ content, activity of aminopyrine N-demethylase, p-nitroanisole O-demethylase, aniline hydroxylase and benzphetamine N-demethylase) and on the pharmacokinetics of antipyrine have been determined in rats. Measurement of enzyme activity and antipyrine (after intravenous injection of 20 mgkg^?1) were performed 2, 24 and 96 h after a single intraperitoneal injection of endotoxin (1 mgkg^?1) and after repeated doses (once daily for 4 days). The contribution of tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα) to the endotoxin-induced changes was also examined in rats pretreated with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). The systemic clearance of antipyrine and the activity of hepatic cytochrome P450-dependent drug-metabolizing enzymes were dramatically reduced 24 h after a single injection of endotoxin, but had returned to control levels by 96 h. The magnitudes of these decreases in these measurements after repeated doses of endotoxin were similar to those seen 24 h after the single dose. The systemic clearance of antipyrine correlated significantly with cytochrome P450 content and aminopyrine N-demethylase activity. In histopathological experiments, moderate hypertrophy of Kupffer cells was observed, with no evidence of severe liver-tissue damage. G-CSF pretreatment suppressed the increased plasma concentrations of TNFα produced 2 h after single endotoxin injection, but did not eliminate the endotoxin-induced decrease in the systemic clearance of antipyrine, suggesting that TNFα is not the sole component responsible for the reduction of cytochrome P450-mediated drug-metabolizing enzyme activity. These results provide evidence that a single intraperitoneal injection of 1·0 mgkg^?1 K. pneumoniae endotoxin in rats reduces hepatic P450 and b₅ levels, and reduces the activity of various cytochrome P450-mediated drug-metabolizing enzymes without causing severe liver-tissue damage. This suggests that the effect of endotoxin on hepatic cytochrome P450-mediated drug-metabolizing isozymes is non-selective.     

Changes of hepatic and systemic haemodynamics following somatostatin administration in patients with hepatitis B-related cirrhosis

Abstract Somatostatin has been used to effectively control acute variceal haemorrhage, with conjectured mechanisms on portal hypertension. We, therefore, evaluated the effects of somatostatin on hepatic and systemic haemodynamics in 15 patients with hepatitis B-related cirrhosis and portal hypertension. All patients received an intravenous, continuous infusion of somatostatin 250 μg/h, following a bolus injection of 250 μg. In systemic haemodynamics, the mean arterial pressure (MAP) increased ( P < 0.05), associated with a reflex bradycardia within 3 min following bolus injections, compared with basal values. The right atrial pressure, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, inferior vena cava pressure, cardiac index, and systemic vascular resistance remained unaffected after drug infusion. In hepatic haemodynamics, the wedge hepatic vein pressure remained unchanged after drug administration. However, there was an increase in free hepatic vein pressure (FHVP; P < 0.05), and a trend toward a decrease in the hepatic vein pressure gradient (HVPG; P = 0.063), within 3 min after bolus injection. Furthermore, the hepatic blood flow decreased significantly at 10 and 30 min after somatostatin infusion ( P < 0.05). The effective sinusoidal perfusion assessed by indocyanine green infusion also decreased progressively at 10 min ( P = 0.057) and 30 min ( P < 0.05). We concluded that somatostatin, at the dose used in this study, caused a transient and bolus-related vasoconstrictive effect, resulting in increases in MAP and FHVP, a decrease in heart rate, and a trend toward lower HVPG. In addition, somatostatin reduced the hepatic blood flow and effective sinusoidal perfusion which may be hazardous to cirrhotic patients during variceal haemorrhage.     

左西孟旦与多巴酚丁胺及与米力农治疗脓毒症心肌损伤的有效性及安全性评价

目的 探讨左西孟旦与多巴酚丁胺、米力农治疗脓毒症心肌损伤的有效性及安全性。方法 选取脓毒症心肌损伤患者84例作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为左西孟旦组、多巴酚丁胺组、米力农组,各28例,对比总有效率、可溶性髓样细胞触发性受体1(soluble myeloid cell trigger receptor-1,sTREM-1)、可溶性白细胞分化抗原14(soluble cluster of differentiation antigen 14,sCD14)、可溶性白细胞分化抗原163(soluble cluster of differentiation antigen 163,sCD163)、心肌肌钙蛋白(cardiac troponin I,cTnI)、脑肽钠(brain natriupeptide, BNP)、左心室舒张末期容积指数(left ventricular end-diastolic volume index, LVEDVI)、左心室收缩末期容积指数(left ventricular end-systolic volume index, LVESVI)、左心室射血分数(le...     

基于多模态超声的颈动脉斑块致前循环卒中的风险分层研究

目的 探讨颈动脉斑块患者发生前循环缺血性卒中的临床及多模态超声(multimodal ultrasound, MMU)影响因素,构建基于超微血流成像技术(superb microvascular imaging, SMI)的风险分层预测模型。方法 回顾性分析颈动脉斑块患者683例,根据临床表现和多层螺旋电子计算机断层扫描(computed tomography, CT)/核磁共振扫描(magnetic resonance imaging, MRI),分为前循环卒中组(n=301)和非前循环卒中组(n=382)。收集患者颈动脉斑块的MMU特征、临床和实验室检查数据,采用多因素二元Logistic回归分析筛选出前循环缺血性卒中的影响因素。构建列线图风险预测模型,进行模型验证与风险分层。结果 前循环卒中组和非前循环卒中组年龄、体重指数(body mass index, BMI)、饮酒史、吸烟史、脑梗死既往史、高血压、糖尿病、低密度脂蛋白(low-density lipoprotein, LDL)、高密度脂蛋白(high-density lipoprotein, HDL)、同型半胱氨酸(hom...     

基于T1W1+C的影像建立支持向量机预测模型对胶质瘤细胞增殖活性研究

目的：基于胶质瘤增强T1加权成像（enhancement T1-weighted image,T1WI+C）影像组学特征进行机器学习,构建预测胶质瘤细胞增殖活性的Ki67指数预测模型。方法：回顾性分析本院手术病理结果为胶质瘤并经免疫组化测定Ki67指数的患者113例,随机按约8∶2拆分为训练集与测试集。通过MRIcroGL软件手绘胶质瘤感兴趣区域（region of interest,ROI）,利用Python中pyradiomics模块获得1 338个影像特征,通过t检验与最小绝对收缩和选择算子（least absolute shrinkage and selection operator,Lasso）回归算法筛选最佳影像组学特征,基于最佳特征使用支持向量机（support vector machine,SVM）分类器建立Ki67预测模型,利用受试者操作特征曲线（receiver operating characteristic curve,ROC曲线）与模型校准曲线评估模型的预测效能。结果：每例患者T1WI+C图像提取1 338个影像组学特征,降维后筛选出6个与胶质瘤Ki67指数密...     

血管周围脂肪与心血管疾病的研究进展

在人体中,存在着一种围绕着除脑血管外的所有心血管的脂肪组织,称为血管周围脂肪（perivascular adipose tissue,PVAT）。近年来,由于其位置及功能的特殊性,PVAT被视为一种不同于传统内脏脂肪的新型脂肪组织,可通过旁分泌、内分泌具有促进血管舒缩功能的脂肪因子,介导免疫炎症反应及脂肪细胞表型转换等途径,对心血管系统产生双面性的影响,包括在生理状态下对心血管的保护作用及病理状态下促心血管疾病（cardiovascular disease,CVD）发生的不良作用。而通过对PVAT的实验室及影像学检查与干预,有助于提高对心血管疾病的诊断能力、增加具有可行性的治疗手段。本文将叙述PVAT与经典脂肪类型的区别,其生理、病理情况下对心血管系统的影响及在心血管疾病诊疗中的作用。     

Ache、P-selectin、CDK5在病毒性脑炎中的表达及相关性研究

目的 探究乙酰胆碱酯酶(acetylcholinesterase, Ache)、P-选择素(P-selectin)、细胞周期素依赖蛋白激酶5(cyclin-dependent kinase 5,CDK5)在病毒性脑炎(viral encephalitis, VE)中的表达及相关性。方法 本研究选取在本院健康体检及神经内科就诊治疗、住院治疗的病毒性脑炎患者130例作为研究对象,并纳入研究组,根据患者的病情时间将其分为急性期和恢复期,其中急性期组85例,恢复期组45例。根据患者的临床表现,将其分为轻度组和重度组,其中轻度组76例,重度组54例,选择同期在我院接受体检的健康患者60例作为对照组。应用丁酰硫代胆碱底物法检测Ache水平;酶联免疫吸附法检测血清P-selectin水平;CDK5分离试剂盒检测CDK5水平。观察研究组和对照组、急性期和恢复期及重度组和轻度组患者Ache、P-selectin、CDK5水平,分析病毒性脑炎患者Ache、P-selectin和CDK5之间相关性,利用ROC曲线比较Ache、P-selectin、CDK5单独检测及联合检测在VE中的诊断价值。结果 研究组A...