Effects of diuretics on intradialytic hypotension in maintenance dialysis patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Purpose

Intradialytic hypotension (IDH) is a serious complication in dialysis patients. Diuretics might reduce the incidence of IDH by decreasing ultrafiltration. However, the effect of diuretics on IDH in maintenance dialysis patients is still unclear.

Methods

We searched Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure and clinical trials registries from 1945 to May 2019. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or observational studies about IDH in maintenance dialysis with diuretics were included.

Results

Seven studies including 28,226 patients were included, of which 4 were RCTs involving mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) and 3 were observational studies involving loop diuretics. There was a trend that a lower incidence rate of IDH in maintenance dialysis patients who used loop diuretics than control, although the result was not statistically significant (OR 0.65, 95% CI 0.34–1.22, P?=?0.18). Similarly, lower incidence rate of all-cause mortality (OR 0.92, 95% CI 0.87–0.99; P?=?0.02) and cardiovascular (CV) mortality (OR 0.86, 95% CI 0.75–0.99, P?=?0.03) in dialysis patients who used loop diuretics than control. On the contrary, there were no significant difference in the incidence of IDH (OR 1.35, 95% CI 0.78–2.34, P?=?0.29) and all-cause mortality (OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.26–2.01; P?=?0.54) and CV mortality (OR 0.57, 95% CI 0.14–2.25; P?=?0.42) in maintenance dialysis patients who used MRAs compared with control.

Conclusion

Loop diuretics, but not MRAs, might have a potential benefit to reduce the incidence rate of IDH, all-cause mortality and CV mortality. More high-quality studies are needed to strengthen the arguments.

     

Systematic review and network meta-analysis assess the comparative efficacy and safety of transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary tumor

Neurosurgical Review - To quantitatively synthesize the comparative efficacy and safety of the most common surgical approaches including endonasal transsphenoidal endoscopic surgery (ETES),...     

Dark Tea: A popular beverage with possible medicinal application

Tea is a famous beverage that is produced from leaves of Camellia sinensis. Amongst the six major tea categories in China, dark tea is the only one that involves microbial fermentation in the manufacturing process, which contributes unique flavors and functions for the tea. In the recent decade, the reports about the biofunctions of dark teas have increased rapidly. Therefore it may be the proper time to consider dark tea as one potential homology of medicine and food. In this viewpoint, our current understanding of the chemical constituents, biological activities and possible health beneficial effects of dark teas were introduced. Some future directions and challenges to the development perspectives of dark teas were also discussed.     

Metastatic embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the breast: A case report and literature review

Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a common malignancy in children, but embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (ERMS) deposits rarely occur in the breast in adults. Therefore, little is known about magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of breast metastases from RMS, especially the embryonal type. We reported a case of a 22-year-old woman who was diagnosed with ERMS at left foot 2 years ago and accepted operation and chemotherapy. She was confirmed to have breast metastases from the left foot. Successive imaging examinations were performed 3 months apart. Breast ultrasound indicated a benign lesion, and further examination did not reveal any bone metastases. However, predominant restricted diffusion and rim contrast enhancement on MRI combined with the patient's medical history suggested a malignancy of BI-RADS 5. After 3 months, breast ultrasound revealed masses detected last time became larger and lobulated. In addition, internal heterogeneous intensity and rim contrast enhancement with restricted diffusion were revealed on MRI. We speculated that typical MRI findings of breast metastases from RMS may include iso- to hypointensity on T1WI, heterogeneous hyperintensity on T2WI, and circular enhancement with restricted diffusion. Moreover, mild peritumoral edema, rapid expansion of necrosis, and ascending time-intensity curve detected on MRI may be features of the ERMS type.     

慢性肺源性心脏病人血液触变特性

本文用Low Shear 30流变测定仪,测定了55例肺心病患者全血触变特性的变化,分析了这些变化与肺心病发生和发展的关系。结果表明:肺心病患者血液的触变特性发生了异常改变。HCT、τ_o、η_s、μ、(η_s-μ)、A、ARC均升高,并随病情加重而逐渐明显。其原因主要在于肺心病缺氧所致的继发性红细胞增多及血液氧分压降低,和二氧化碳分压升高所致的红细胞变形性降低。血液触交特性的改变又使血液循环外周阻力增大,右心负荷增加,从而进一步加重了病情的发展。     

刺五加对豚鼠地高辛中毒的影响

豚鼠灌服地高辛复制地高辛中毒模型，研究五加对地高辛中毒的影响。结果发现，服刺五加组豚鼠发生心律失常较未给药组明显推迟，而血中地高辛浓度则显著高于未给药组，提未临床应用地高辛时同时给予刺五加有于减少减轻地高辛的毒性反应。     

Familial Transmission of Alcohol Use Norms and Expectancies and Reported Alcohol Use

Members of 183 families (biological parents and one adult offspring) completed questionnaires on their quantity and frequency of alcohol use, what they would consider a "normal" quantity-frequency of alcohol use, "problem" quantity-frequency of use, flushing after alcohol use, and other expected physiological and subjective responses to alcohol. Within individuals, own quantity-frequency of alcohol use was moderately negatively correlated with flushing after one drink or less ("fast flushing"), but more highly positively correlated with judged normal alcohol use and with expected subjective effects. Spouse resemblances were low for quantity-frequency of alcohol use and flushing, but high for alcohol use norms and expected physiological and subjective responses. Parent-offspring resemblances were low to moderate for own alcohol use and flushing, but moderate to high for expected physiological and subjective effects. These results were discussed in terms of the effects of genetically transmitted flushing after alcohol use and culturally transmitted alcohol norms and expectations on alcohol use.     

球囊导管损伤后早期动脉平滑肌细胞的增殖

目的：研究动脉硬化早期中膜与内膜平滑肌细胞的增殖。方法：球囊导管损伤大鼠的颈总动脉后在电镜和光镜下观察其形态和生化指标变化。结果：术后24h 5-溴脱氧尿嘧啶尿苷阳性平滑肌细胞出现,阳性细胞率分别于术后第2,5d出现高峰。术后第2,3d迁移细胞的出现率最高。术后第3d,88.8%迁移细胞增殖细胞核抗原阳性。透射电子显微镜下,术后第3d中膜平滑肌细胞特别是内层的为合成型,并且与细胞外基质连接稀疏,基底膜、胶原纤维和弹性纤维被消失。结论：动脉损伤后,中膜平滑肌细胞呈高增殖性,由收缩型转变为合成型,与细胞外基质的结合性降低,中膜弹性纤维、胶原纤维被消化,增生活跃的细胞向内膜的迁移性增高。迁移至内膜的平滑肌细胞呈高增殖性。