多普勒血流仪引导注射治疗内痔

目的：介绍新的更有效的内痔注射方式。方法：用多普勒血流仪引导注射治疗内痔出血与脱出,与单纯注射治疗对照观察。结果：一年后出血复发率治疗组为１０％,对照组为１１９．１７％（Ｐ〈０．０５）;内痔脱出复发率治疗组为１８．２５％,对照组为２５％。结论：用多普勒血流仪引导注射治疗内痔能更有效的闭塞痔动脉。     

慢性光化性皮炎的病因诊断及治疗

目的;探讨慢性光化性皮炎（ＣＡＤ）的病因,诊断及治疗,方法：查阅文献,对引起ＣＡＤ的光敏物、发病机理及治疗进行分析,结果：约１１％的ＣＡＤ患者有光敏物接触史;６２％光敏性隐匿;２７％有慢性皮炎病史;结论：ＣＡＤ发病与光变态反应有关,避光治疗有效。     

Characterization of high-growth reassortant influenza A viruses generated in MDCK cells cultured in serum-free medium

In the present study reassortant influenza A viruses of both the H1N1 and H3N2 type were generated in Madin Darby Canine Kidney cells grown in the absence of fetal bovine serum (MDCK-SF1 cells). To this end, MDCK-SF1 cells were simultaneously infected with one of the high-growth laboratory strains A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (H1N1) or A/Hong Kong/2/68 (H3N2) and recent H3N2 and H1N1 vaccine strains, respectively. Reassortant viruses obtained from these mixed infections were genetically characterized by RT-PCR and restriction enzyme analysis and their growth properties were compared to those of the corresponding field strains. Reassortant H3N2 viruses inherited the matrix and polymerase pa gene whilst H1N1 reassortant viruses inherited the matrix and polymerase pbl gene of the high-growth parent. Reassortant viruses generally gave higher viral yields, as measured by a haemagglutination assay, than their wild type counterparts. The procedure followed results in the generation of high-growth reassortant viruses in weeks. The use of MDCK-SF1 cells together with these reassortants for generating influenza virus antigens can significantly speed up the vaccine production procedure.     

Informed consent, parental awareness, and reasons for participating in a randomised controlled study

BACKGROUND: The informed consent procedure plays a central role in randomised controlled trials but has only been explored in a few studies on children. AIM: To assess the quality of the informed consent process in a paediatric setting. METHODS: A questionnaire was sent to parents who volunteered their child (230 children) for a randomised, double blind, placebo controlled trial of ibuprofen syrup to prevent recurrent febrile seizures. RESULTS: 181 (79%) parents responded. On average, 73% of parents were aware of the major study characteristics. A few had difficulty understanding the information provided. Major factors in parents granting approval were the contribution to clinical science (51%) and benefit to the child (32%). Sociodemographic status did not influence initial participation but west European origin of the father was associated with willingness to participate in future trials. 89% of participants felt positive about the informed consent procedure; however, 25% stated that they felt obliged to participate. Although their reasons for granting approval and their evaluation of the informed consent procedure did not differ, relatively more were hesitant about participating in future. Parents appreciated the investigator being on call 24 hours a day (38%) and the extra medical care and information provided (37%) as advantages of participation. Disadvantages were mainly the time consuming aspects and the work involved (23%). CONCLUSIONS: Parents' understanding of trial characteristics might be improved by designing less difficult informed consent forms and by the investigator giving extra attention and information to non-west European parents. Adequate measures should be taken to avoid parents feeling obliged to participate, rather than giving true informed consent.     

分子生物学技术在植入前诊断中的应用

植入前诊断是产前诊断非常早的一种方法，目的是放弃携带严重遗传病的胚胎，将健康胚胎植入母体。两种主要的方法是聚合酶链反应（PCR）和荧光原位杂交（FISH）。PCR用于单基因病诊断，FISH用于染色体异常诊断。临床主要应用于存在遗传风险的患者如携带单基因病和染色体易位的患者。随着分子生物学技术的飞速发展，如比较基因组（CGH），全基因组扩增技术（WGA），引物延伸预扩增（PEP），间期核转换技术及DNA芯片技术（DNAchip）等PGD先进检测手段的应用，单细胞用于诊断单基因或多基因突变及染色体疾病，为期不远。     

急性白血病病人GST-π、MRP1表达及其相关性的临床研究

目的：检测急性白血病（acute leukemia，AL）病人谷胱甘肽硫转移酶-π（glutathione—S—transferltse-π，GST-π）、多药耐药相关蛋白1（multi—drug resistance relevant protein 1，MRP1）的表达，探讨二者与AL多药耐药（multi—drug resistance，MDR）的关系及临床意义，明确二者在AL中的表达有无相关性以及两者表达与AL病人临床特征的关系。方法：采用免疫组织化学S—P法检测80例AL病人及30例正常人外周血单个核细胞GST-π、MPP1表达。运用SPSS10．0统计软件，采用X^2检验、四格表精确概率法、t检验、直线相关分析方法统计结果。结果：GST-π、MRP1在难治组的阳性率均高于初治组和完全缓解组；在初治组的阳性率均高于对照组。GST-π、MRP1在AL难治组中的表达具有高度相关性。GST-π、MRP1表达阳性组完全缓解率低于阴性组。GST-π、MRP1的表达与AL难治组病人年龄、性别、骨髓幼稚细胞比例及外周血白细胞计数无关。且两者在急性淋巴细胞白血病（acute lymphoblastic leukemia，ALL）组、急性非淋巴细胞白血病（acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia，ANLL）组表达无差别。结论：GST-π和MRP1的高表达与AL临床耐药有关；GST-π和MRP1在难治组中的表达密切相关；GST-π和MRP1表达阳性的AL病人的完全缓解率明显降低，两者可能是影响AL疗效的重要指标；GST-π和MRP1在难治组表达阳性率与年龄、性别、外周血白细胞计数、骨髓幼稚细胞比例可能无关，且在ALL组与ANLL组中差别无统计学意义。