江苏省镇江市2009-2018年15岁以下少年儿童法定报告传染病流行特征

目的 了解2009-2018年镇江市15岁以下少年儿童法定传染病的流行趋势,为开展防控工作提供依据。方法 从中国疾病预防控制信息系统中收集2009-2018年镇江市15岁以下少年儿童法定传染病疫情资料进行分析。结果 2009-2018年镇江市累计报告15岁以下少年儿童法定传染病病例22种65135例,年报告发病率134.51/万～263.23/万之间,发病率呈现上升波动趋势（〖XC小五号.EPS;P〗趋势=1932.389,P<0.001）;死亡病例12例,年均死亡率0.03/万;累计病例中男童发病数为38156例（58.58%）,年均发病率204.86/万;女童发病数为26979例（41.42%）,年均发病率159.81/万,不同性别间发病率差异有统计学意义（〖XC小五号.EPS;P〗=997.605,P<0.001）。无甲类传染病报告;乙类传染病累计报告病例16种2587例,年均发病率为7.29/万,发病呈下降趋势（〖XC小五号.EPS;P〗趋势=78.566,P<0.001）;丙类传染病累计报告病例6种62548例,年均发病率176.16/万,发病呈上升趋势（〖XC小五号.EPS;P〗趋势=2177.178,P<0.001）。肠道传染病、呼吸道传染病、血源及性传播传染病、自然疫源及虫媒传染病、其它传播途径传染病分别占累计发病总数的86.95%（56636例）、12.65%（8240例）、0.25%（166例）、0.03%（17例）、0.12%（76例）。发病率前2位的传染病为手足口病和流行性腮腺炎,分别占发病总数的78.43%（51088例）和8.42%（5485例）。结论 少年儿童是传染病发病的重点高危人群,应重点加强手足口病、流行性腮腺炎传染病的监测,采取针对性措施控制少年儿童传染病的发生。     

Isolated Systolic Hypertension and its Determinants - A Cross-sectional Study in the Adult Population of Lucknow District in North India

Objectives:

1) To determine the prevalence of isolated systolic hypertension (ISH) in the adult population of Lucknow district. 2) To study the determinants of ISH especially the relationship with age.

Materials and Methods:

A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in four randomly selected areas of Lucknow district. A total of 800 subjects, aged 20 years and above, 400 from urban and 400 from rural area of Lucknow district were included in the study. The statistical tools used for analysis were Pearson''s Chi-square test and multiple logistic regression.

Results:

The prevalence of ISH according to JNC-7 criteria was 4.3%, which was 5.1% in men and 3.6% in women. A significant increase in the prevalence of ISH was seen with an increase in age. Multivariate logistic regression analysis of the determinants showed that age, BMI and smoking were significant independent risk factors of ISH.

Conclusions:

Given the risk of cardiovascular disease associated with ISH, the findings of this study emphasize the need for further research to document the impact of modifiable risk factors of ISH and the effect of hypertension screening and specific health promotion in bringing down the burden of ISH and related cardiovascular morbidity.     

西立伐他汀和普伐他汀治疗高胆固醇血症患者疗效比较

目的 :探讨西立伐他汀及普伐他汀对高胆固醇血症患者疗效及安全性。方法 :15 0例高胆固醇血症患者随机分为两组 :西立伐他汀组 75例和普伐他汀组 75例 ,治疗 8周后观察血脂变化和安全性 ,并加以比较。结果 :两种药物均可显著降低总胆固醇 (TC) ,血甘油三酯 (TG) ,低密度脂蛋白 胆固醇 (LDL C) ,并可升高高密度胆蛋白 胆固醇 (HDL C) ,而两药的不良反应无显著差异。结论 :西立伐他汀具有显著的降脂作用 ,在调脂的同时并可抑制血小板活性 ,改善胰岛素抵抗。     

Daily coffee consumption and prevalence of nonmelanoma skin cancer in Caucasian women.

The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between daily coffee consumption and nonmelanoma skin cancer. This study was a cross-sectional analysis of women enrolled in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study (n=93 676). As nearly all cases of self-reported nonmelanoma skin cancer occurred among Caucasian women (97.8%), we focused our analyses on this group. Compared with nondrinkers, women drinking only caffeinated coffee on a daily basis had a 10.8% lower prevalence of nonmelanoma skin cancer. Consumption of six or more cups of caffeinated coffee per day was associated with a 36% reduction in nonmelanoma skin cancer. After adjusting for various demographic and life style variables, daily consumption of six or more cups was associated with a 30% reduced prevalence of nonmelanoma skin cancer. In contrast to caffeinated coffee, daily consumption of decaffeinated coffee was not associated with a significant change in self-reported nonmelanoma skin cancer for Caucasian women. Daily caffeinated coffee consumption was associated with a dose-related decreased prevalence of nonmelanoma skin cancer in Caucasian women.     

Neonatal fat embolism and agglutination of intralipid

Pulmonary fat embolism in a preterm infant receiving Intralipid intravenously is described. Serum obtained at the time of clinical deterioration agglutinated Intralipid. This coincided with the onset of septicaemia and with a raised serum C reactive protein concentration. Subsequent clinical improvement was associated with reduction in the C reactive protein concentration and nonagglutination of Intralipid.     

Healthy Living Partnerships to Prevent Diabetes (HELP PD): Design and methods

Although the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) developed a lifestyle weight loss intervention that has been demonstrated to prevent type 2 diabetes in high-risk individuals, it has yet to be widely adopted at the community level. The Healthy Living Partnership to Prevent Diabetes study (HELP PD) was designed to translate the DPP approach for use in community settings as a cost-effective intervention led by Community Health Workers (CHW's) and administered through a Diabetes Care Center (DCC). Approximately 300 overweight and obese (BMI 25-40 kg/m²) individuals with prediabetes (fasting blood glucose 95-124 mg/dl) were randomly assigned to either a lifestyle weight loss intervention (LW) or an enhanced usual care comparison condition (UC). The goal of LW is ≥ 7% weight loss achieved through increases in physical activity (180 min/wk) and decreases in caloric intake (approximately 1500 kcal/day). The intervention consists of CHW-led group-mediated cognitive behavioral meetings that occur weekly for 6 months and monthly thereafter for 18 months. UC consists of 2 individual meetings with a registered dietitian and a monthly newsletter. The primary outcome is change in fasting blood glucose. Secondary outcomes include cardiovascular risk factors, health-related quality of life, and social cognitive variables. Outcomes are masked and are collected every 6 months. The cost-effectiveness of the program will also be assessed. A community-based program that is administered through local DCC's and that harnesses the experience of community members (CHW's) may be a promising strategy for the widespread dissemination of interventions effective at preventing type 2 diabetes in high risk individuals.     

Intake of antioxidant nutrients and risk of non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma in the Women's Health Initiative

Incidence rates of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) increased substantially in the United States and worldwide during the latter part of the 20(th) century, but little is known about the etiology of this condition. Antioxidant nutrients may reduce the risk of NHL by quenching free radicals, which may contribute to carcinogenesis by damaging DNA and lipid membranes. We examined the association of intake of vitamin A and antioxidant nutrients with risk of NHL and its major subtypes in 1,104 cases of NHL identified among 154,363 postmenopausal women followed for an average of 11 yr in the Women's Health Initiative. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Of all nutrients examined, only total vitamin A intake (from diet and supplements combined) was inversely associated with risk of NHL overall (multivariate adjusted HR for highest vs. lowest quartile 0.83, 95% CI 0.69-0.99), whereas total vitamin C intake was inversely associated with risk of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (HR for highest vs. lowest quartile 0.69, 95% CI 0.49-0.98). Overall, this study provides some evidence of inverse associations of intake of total vitamin A and total vitamin C with the risk of NHL and diffuse lymphoma, respectively.     

Whole-grain intake and carotid artery atherosclerosis in a multiethnic cohort: the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study

BACKGROUND: Whole-grain intake has been shown to be inversely associated with cardiovascular events, but an association with atherosclerosis is less well established. OBJECTIVE: We sought to evaluate the association of whole-grain intake with carotid intimal medial thickness (IMT) and IMT progression in a multiethnic cohort. DESIGN: This study evaluated 1178 participants in the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study. Baseline whole-grain intake was estimated on the basis of intake of dark breads, cooked cereals, and high-fiber cereals assessed with a validated food-frequency questionnaire. Bilateral carotid IMT was evaluated ultrasonographically, yielding 16 IMT measures at baseline and year 5. Multivariate models evaluated the independent association of whole-grain intake with common carotid artery (CCA) and internal carotid artery (ICA) IMT and IMT progression. RESULTS: The cohort had a mean (+/-SD) age of 55.2 +/- 8.4 y and was 56% female. The baseline median whole-grain intake was 0.79 servings/d. Whole-grain intake was inversely associated with CCA IMT (beta +/- SE: -0.043 +/- 0.013, P = 0.005) and IMT progression (beta +/- SE: -0.019 +/- 0.011, P = 0.09) in models adjusted for demographics, energy intake, energy expenditure, cardiovascular disease risk factors, and medication use. This association was less significant for ICA IMT (beta +/- SE: -0.049 +/- 0.023, P = 0.05) and not significant for ICA IMT progression (beta +/- SE: -0.013 +/- 0.014, P = 0.35). The relation between whole-grain intake and CCA IMT remained significant after adjustment for mediating pathways (lipids, adiposity, and insulin resistance), nutrient constituents, and a principal components-derived healthy dietary pattern. CONCLUSIONS: Whole-grain intake is inversely associated with CCA IMT, and this relation is not attributable to individual risk intermediates, single nutrient constituents, or larger dietary patterns.     

促性腺激素释放多肽(GRP)对体外培养小鼠垂体分泌LH的影响

合成的促性腺激素释放多肽(GRP)及其类似物GRp～NH₂,[Glu^7.9.14Lys^6.10]GRP(6～14),[phe¹⁴]GRP(5～14)和[phe¹⁴]GRP浓度在0.05mmol·L^-1时,具有刺激体外培养的小鼠垂体分泌LH的作用。其活性依此相当对照垂体的115.4,114.2,140,160和179%。小鼠于妊振第7～9天或第1～5天,每只sc[phe¹⁴]GRP1mg·d^-1,或于妊娠第2～4天每只sc[phe¹⁴]GRP(5～14)1mg·d^-1,有40～60%的妊娠动物出现死胎。