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Repeatable epiglottic movement patterns were recorded during a videofluoroscopic swallow evaluation of 95 patients who had
undergone a total or partial glossectomy due to a neoplasm. Because no epiglottic function assessment was performed preoperatively,
for the purpose of this study it was assumed that epiglottic mobility was “normal” during this time and that all abnormalities
found afterward resulted from the growth of the neoplasm and the glossectomy. It was noted that in the early postoperative
period, absence of epiglottic movement was accompanied by aspiration and made swallowing incompetent in a majority of cases
(9 of 10). A correlation of movement between the epiglottis and the extent of oral tissue excision was found. Epiglottic mobility
was evaluated as “normal” in 72% of the patients, i.e., in 67 of 91 (74%) patients after a partial or nearly total glossectomy
and in 1 of 4 people who underwent a total glossectomy. In the subgroup (16%) of patients who underwent a total or nearly
total glossectomy and then had videofluoroscopic examinations, 60% of the cases had normal epiglottic movements and 40% had
an immobile epiglottis. Compensatory mechanisms implemented by the patients on their own initiative, such as additional swallows
and prolonged apnea during deglutition, enabled them to avoid aspiration. However, upward head movement and downward chin
tilting during deglutition as compensatory mechanisms used by patients with no epiglottic movement did not reduce the aspiration
risk in the early postoperative period and were found to accompany incompetent swallowing attempts. 相似文献
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Elisa Trevisan Francesca Vita Nevenka Medic Maria Rosa Soranzo Giuliano Zabucchi Violetta Borelli 《Inflammation》2014,37(6):2174-2189
Mast cells (MCs) reside in tissues that are common targets of Candida spp. infections, and can exert bactericidal activity, but little is known about their fungicidal activity. MCs purified from rat peritoneum (RPMC) and a clinical isolate of C. albicans, were employed. Ingestion was evaluated by flow cytometry (FACS) and optical microscopy. The killing activity was assayed by FACS analysis and by colony forming unit method. RPMC degranulation was evaluated by β-hexosaminidase assay and phosphatidylserine externalization by FACS. Phagocytosing RPMC were also analyzed by transmission electron microscopy. Herein, we show that the killing of C. albicans by RPMC takes place in the extracellular environment, very likely through secreted granular components. Ultrastructural analysis of the ingestion process revealed an unusual RPMC–C. albicans interaction that could allow fungal survival. Our findings indicate that MCs have a positive role in the defense mechanism against Candida infections and should be included among the cell types involved in host-defense against this pathogen. 相似文献
16.
Caterina Favaretti Alain Vandormael Violetta Hachaturyan Merlin Greuel Jennifer Gates Till Brnighausen Maya Adam 《JMIR Public Health and Surveillance》2022,8(1)
BackgroundShort, animated story-based (SAS) videos are a novel and promising strategy for promoting health behaviors. To gain traction as an effective health communication tool, SAS videos must demonstrate their potential to engage a diverse and global audience. In this study, we evaluate engagement with a SAS video about the consumption of added sugars, which is narrated by a child (a nonthreatening character), a mother (a neutral layperson), or a physician (a medical expert).ObjectiveThis study aims to (1) assess whether engagement with the sugar intervention video differs by narrator type (child, mother, physician) and trait proneness to reactance and (2) assess whether the demographic characteristics of the participants (age, gender, education status) are associated with different engagement profiles with the sugar intervention video.MethodsIn December 2020, after 4013 participants from the United Kingdom completed our randomized controlled trial, we offered participants assigned to the placebo arms (n=1591, 39.65%) the choice to watch the sugar intervention video (without additional compensation) as posttrial access to treatment. We measured engagement as the time that participants chose to watch the 3.42-minute video and collected data on age, gender, education status, and trait reactance proneness. Using ordinary least squares regression, we quantified the association of the demographic characteristics and trait reactance proneness with the sugar video view time.ResultsOverall, 66.43% (n=1047) of the 1576 participants in the 2 placebo arms voluntarily watched the sugar intervention video. The mean view time was 116.35 (52.4%) of 222 seconds. Results show that view times did not differ by narrator (child, mother, physician) and that older participants (aged 25-59 years, mean = 125.2 seconds) watched the sugar video longer than younger adults (aged 18-25 years, mean = 83.4 seconds). View time remained consistent across education levels. Participants with low trait reactance (mean = 119.3 seconds) watched the intervention video longer than high-trait-reactance participants (mean = 95.3 seconds), although this association did not differ by narrator type.ConclusionsThe majority of participants in our study voluntarily watched more than half of the sugar intervention video, which is a promising finding. Our results suggest that SAS videos may need to be shorter than 2 minutes to engage people who are young or have high trait proneness to reactance. We also found that the choice of narrator (child, mother, or physician) for our video did not significantly affect participant engagement. Future videos, aimed at reaching diverse audiences, could be customized for different age groups, where appropriate.Trial RegistrationGerman Clinical Trials Register DRKS00022340; https://www.drks.de/drks_web/navigate.do?navigationId=trial.HTML&TRIAL_ID=DRKS00022340International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)RR2-10.2196/25343 相似文献
17.
Irina G. Grevtseva Oleg V. Ovchinnikov Mikhail S. Smirnov Aleksey S. Perepelitsa Tamara A. Chevychelova Violetta N. Derepko Anna V. Osadchenko Alexandr S. Selyukov 《RSC advances》2022,12(14):8404
Correction for ‘The structural and luminescence properties of plexcitonic structures based on Ag2S/l-Cys quantum dots and Au nanorods’ by Irina G. Grevtseva et al., RSC Adv., 2022, 12, 6525–6532, DOI: 10.1039/D1RA08806H.The authors regret the omission of a funding acknowledgement in the original article. This acknowledgement is given below.This study was supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation under Agreement N 075-15-2021-1351 as part of the structural analysis of colloidal Ag2S/l-Cys QDs and Au NRs.The Royal Society of Chemistry apologises for these errors and any consequent inconvenience to authors and readers. 相似文献
18.
Joanna Kamińska Anna Lisowska Olga M. Koper-Lenkiewicz Paula Mikłasz Kamil Grubczak Marcin Moniuszko Paweł Kiszło Halina Kemona Violetta Dymicka-Piekarska 《The American journal of the medical sciences》2019,357(5):421-434
Background
Monocyte-platelet interaction may favor the development of a proatherogenic monocyte phenotype. It is still uncertain which of the 3 monocyte subpopulations interact with platelets to form monocyte-platelet aggregates (MPAs) in acute myocardial infarctions. The aim of our study was to evaluate the monocyte subsets, the percentage of MPAs and the involvement of monocyte subsets in MPA formation among patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), and compared to patients with stable angina (SA).Methods
Monocyte subsets and MPAs formation were measured in blood collected in 3.2% sodium citrate tubes by means of flow cytometry.Results
Classical, intermediate and nonclassical monocyte percentages were statistically different when comparing patients with STEMI and NSTEMI. Moreover, classical and intermediate monocytes were statistically different when comparing the STEMI and SA group; however, only the classical monocyte subset was found to be higher in the acute myocardial infarction group compared to the SA group. The percentage of MPAs was significantly higher in STEMI (50.1%) compared to NSTEMI (22.9%). We found no differences in the involvement of monocyte subsets in MPA formation between patients with STEMI and NSTEMI and in comparison with the SA group.Conclusions
These findings suggest that the increase in circulating levels of classical monocytes in patients with STEMI as compared to NSTEMI reflects the severity of the acute event. The increased percentage of MPAs may favor the development of STEMI compared to NSTEMI. 相似文献19.
Volokhov D Pomerantsev A Kivovich V Rasooly A Chizhikov V 《Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease》2004,49(3):163-171
We have developed a rapid assay based on microarray analysis of amplified genetic markers for reliable identification of Bacillus anthracis and its discrimination from other closely related bacterial species of the Bacillus cereus group. By combining polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of six B. anthracis-specific genes (plasmid-associated genes encoding virulence factors (cyaA, pagA, lef, and capA, capB, capC) and one chromosomal marker BA-5449) with analysis of amplicons by microarray hybridization, we were able to unambiguously identify and discriminate B. anthracis among other closely related species. Bacillus identification relied on hybridization with multiple individual microarray oligonucleotide probes (oligoprobes) specific to each target B. anthracis gene. Evaluation of the assay was conducted using several B. anthracis strains (with or without pXO1 and pXO2 plasmids) as well as over 50 other species phylogenetically related to B. anthracis, including B. cereus, B. thuringiensis, B. mycoides, and B. subtilis. The developed microarray analysis of amplified genetic markers protocol provides an efficient method for (i) unambiguous identification and discrimination of B. anthracis from other Bacillus species and (ii) distinguishing between plasmid-containing and plasmid-free Bacillus anthracis strains. 相似文献
20.
Dupont E Falardeau P Mousa SA Dimitriadou V Pepin MC Wang T Alaoui-Jamali MA 《Clinical & experimental metastasis》2002,19(2):145-153
A novel naturally occurring antiangiogenic agent isolated from cartilage, referred to as Neovastat (AE-941), was examined for its efficacy against tumor neovascularization and progression. Exposure to Neovastat results in ex ovo antiangiogenic properties in the chorioallantoid membrane of chicken embryo (71% decrease in the angiogenic index as compared to the basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) treated control embryos, P < 0.0001). Oral administration of Neovastat inhibits bFGF-induced angiogenesis in the Matrigel mouse model (87.5% decrease in hemoglobin as compared to the bFGF-treated control implants, P < 0.0001). Neovastat also induces a dose response decrease of lung metastases in the Lewis lung carcinoma model (oral administration; 69.1% of inhibition obtained at the maximal dose of 0.5 ml/day, P < 0.0001). Combined with a sub-optimal dose of cisplatinum (2 mg/kg, i.p.), Neovastat (0.5 ml/day) improved the therapeutic index by increasing the antimetastatic efficacy and by exerting a protective activity against cisplatinum-induced body weight loss and myelosuppression. In summary, our experimental data provide evidence of antiangiogenic and antimetastatic properties of Neovastat, following oral administration. 相似文献