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31.
Strand J 《Physician assistant (American Academy of Physician Assistants)》1994,18(1):48-50, 53
Achieving patient compliance in taking prescribed medications is a formidable challenge for all clinicians. As PAs, we have daily opportunities to communicate with patients and improve their compliance. An office-based compliance program, combining patient education and behavior-modification components, can be beneficial in this regard. Strategies for improving compliance include giving clear, concise, and logical instructions in familiar language, adapting drug regimens to daily routines, eliciting patient participation through self-monitoring, and providing educational materials that promote overall good health in connection with medical treatment. 相似文献
32.
The transcapillary fluid balance was examined in eleven women before administration of a monophasic oral contraceptive (desogestrel 0.15 mg, ethinylestradiol 0.03 mg), and after three and six months of use. The interstitial colloid osmotic pressure was measured by the "wick" method, and the interstitial hydrostatic pressure by the "wick-in-needle" method in subcutaneous tissue on thorax and leg. During the six-month observation period, the following changes were observed: Plasma colloid osmotic pressure decreased (mean 1.8 mmHg, p = 0.047), as well as serum albumin (mean 5.1 g/l, p = 0.0006), total protein concentration (mean 2.8 g/l, p = 0.0006), hemoglobin (mean 0.5 g/dl, p = 0.014) and hematocrit (mean 1.8%, p = 0.047). Blood pressure and body weight remained unchanged, but foot volume showed a significant increase. The colloid osmotic pressure gradient (plasma-interstitium) was significantly reduced. The results indicate an increase in plasma volume in addition to an increased capillary permeability to plasma proteins during oral contraceptive use. We suggest that the observed changes in transcapillary fluid balance is caused by the estrogen component of the oral contraceptive pill. 相似文献
33.
Crister Ceberg Ingemar Larsson Sven-Erik Strand 《European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging》1991,18(12):959-963
Characterization of the count-rate performance of scintillation cameras should include not only the specification of count losses. At high count rates, there is also an image distortion due to the mispositioning of pile-up events. In this paper a simple and clinically relevant procedure to quantify this distortion is presented. The images of a square uniform technetium-99m phantom at high and low count rates are used. The fraction of the total counts being correctly positioned is determined as the peripheral count density divided by the total average count density. This ratio, corrected for the camera non-uniformity at low count rates, is called the positioning ability. According to the National Electrical Manufacturers' Association (NEMA), the system count rate performance with scatter should be reported as the measured count rate giving 20% count losses. In this paper it is suggested that this measure be complemented by a measure of the fraction correct positioned events at this count rate. This fraction, the high count rate positioning ability', can be easily and accurately measured using our method. The method has been tested on two different scintillation cameras. For one of them the high count rate positioning ability was determined as 91% at a measured count rate of 30000 s–1 with 20% count losses. For the other camera, the corresponding figures were 88% at 59000 s–1 and close to 100% at 38000 s–1, before and after the installation of a new pile-up rejection circuit, respectively.
Offprint requests to: C. Ceberg 相似文献
34.
Niklas Zethraeus PhD Student Magnus Johannesson Associate Professor Peter Henriksson Head of Department Roland T. Strand Consultant 《BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology》1997,104(10):1191-1195
Objective To measure the gain in quality of life due to hormone replacement therapy for women with mild and severe menopausal symptoms.
Design Prospective study where data on quality of life and willingness to pay were collected by interview.
Setting Department of Gynaecology at Sodertalje Hospital near Stockholm.
Participants One hundred and four women aged 45 to 65 years treated for menopausal symptoms for at least one month.
Methods Quality oflife was measured by the time tradeoff and rating scale methods. The willingness to pay for hormone replacement therapy was investigated using the contingent valuation method.
Main outcome measures The quality adjusted life year weight measured with the rating scale and time tradeoff methods, and willingness to pay.
Results The increase in the quality adjusted life year weight due to hormone replacement therapy for women with mild symptoms was 0.26 according to the rating scale method and 0.18 according to the time tradeoff method. For women with severe symptoms the quality adjusted life year weight increased by 0.50 according to the rating scale method and by 0.42 according to the time tradeoff method. The mean willingness to pay for hormone replacement therapy per month was 2300 Swedish krone for women with mild symptoms and 4800 Swedish krone for women with severe symptoms (£1 = 10.3 Swedish krone).
Conclusions Hormone replacement therapy leads to a major improvement in quality of life for women with menopausal symptoms. Both for women with mild and severe menopausal symptoms the willingness to pay for the treatment also greatly exceeds the costs, indicating that hormone replacement therapy is economically beneficial for women with menopausal symptoms. 相似文献
Design Prospective study where data on quality of life and willingness to pay were collected by interview.
Setting Department of Gynaecology at Sodertalje Hospital near Stockholm.
Participants One hundred and four women aged 45 to 65 years treated for menopausal symptoms for at least one month.
Methods Quality oflife was measured by the time tradeoff and rating scale methods. The willingness to pay for hormone replacement therapy was investigated using the contingent valuation method.
Main outcome measures The quality adjusted life year weight measured with the rating scale and time tradeoff methods, and willingness to pay.
Results The increase in the quality adjusted life year weight due to hormone replacement therapy for women with mild symptoms was 0.26 according to the rating scale method and 0.18 according to the time tradeoff method. For women with severe symptoms the quality adjusted life year weight increased by 0.50 according to the rating scale method and by 0.42 according to the time tradeoff method. The mean willingness to pay for hormone replacement therapy per month was 2300 Swedish krone for women with mild symptoms and 4800 Swedish krone for women with severe symptoms (£1 = 10.3 Swedish krone).
Conclusions Hormone replacement therapy leads to a major improvement in quality of life for women with menopausal symptoms. Both for women with mild and severe menopausal symptoms the willingness to pay for the treatment also greatly exceeds the costs, indicating that hormone replacement therapy is economically beneficial for women with menopausal symptoms. 相似文献
35.
Anne Marie Vinggaard Sofie Christiansen Peter Laier Mette Erecius Poulsen Vibeke Breinholt Kirsten Jarfelt Helene Jacobsen Majken Dalgaard Christine Nellemann Ulla Hass 《Toxicological sciences》2005,85(2):886-897
Prochloraz is a commonly used fungicide that has shown multiple mechanisms of action in vitro. It antagonizes the androgen and the estrogen receptors, agonizes the Ah receptor, and inhibits aromatase activity. In vivo prochloraz acts antiandrogenically in the Hershberger assay by reducing weights of reproductive organs, affecting androgen-regulated gene expressions, and increasing luteinizing hormone (LH) levels. The purpose of this study was to investigate reproductive toxic effects after exposure during gestation and lactation to prochloraz alone and a mixture of five pesticides (deltamethrin, methiocarb, prochloraz, simazine, and tribenuron-methyl). Prochloraz (30 mg/kg/day) or the mixture (20 mg/kg/day) was dosed to pregnant Wistar dams from gestational day (GD) 7 until postnatal day (PND) 16. Some dams were taken for cesarean section at GD 21, and others were allowed to give birth. Results showed that prochloraz and the mixture significantly reduced plasma and testicular testosterone levels in GD 21 male fetuses, whereas testicular progesterone was increased. Gestational length was increased by prochloraz. Chemical analysis of the rat breast milk showed that prochloraz was transferred to the milk. In males a significant increase of nipple retention was found, and the bulbourethral gland weight was decreased, whereas other reproductive organs were unaffected. In addition cytochrome P450 (CYP)1A activities in livers were induced by prochloraz, possibly as a result of Ah receptor activation. Behavioral studies showed that the activity level and sweet preference of adult males were significantly increased. Overall these results strongly indicate that prochloraz feminizes the male offspring after perinatal exposure, and that these effects are due, at least in part, to diminished fetal steroidogenesis. 相似文献
36.
37.
38.
Morten Tulstrup Thomas L. Frandsen Jonas Abrahamsson Bendik Lund Kim Vettenranta Olafur Gisli Jonsson Hanne Vibeke Hansen Marquart Birgitte Klug Albertsen Mats Heyman Kjeld Schmiegelow On behalf of the Nordic Society of Paediatric Haematology Oncology 《European journal of haematology》2018,100(1):53-60
Objectives
This randomized controlled trial tested the hypothesis that children with non‐high‐risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia could benefit from individualized 6‐mercaptopurine increments during consolidation therapy (NCT00816049). Primary and secondary end points were end of consolidation minimal residual disease (MRD) positivity and event‐free survival.Methods
392 patients were randomized to experimental and 396 to standard therapy. Patients allocated to standard therapy received oral 6‐mercaptopurine (25 mg/m2/day) from days 30 to 85, while the experimental arm received stepwise increments of additional 25 mg/m2/day beginning on days 50 and/or 71 unless dose‐limiting myelosuppression had occurred.Results
In the experimental arm, 166 patients (42%) received one dose increment, and 62 (16%) received two. Fifty‐seven of 387 (15%) patients in the experimental arm were MRD positive at end of consolidation vs 77 of 389 (20%) in the control arm (P = .08). Five‐year probability of event‐free survival was 0.89 (95% CI: 0.85‐0.93) in the experimental arm vs 0.93 (0.90‐0.96) in the control arm (P = .13). The median accumulated length of 6‐mercaptopurine treatment interruptions was 7 (IQR 2‐12) in the experimental arm vs 4 (IQR 0‐10) in the control arm (P = .002).Conclusion
This study found no benefit from individualized 6‐mercaptopurine increments compared to standard therapy. 相似文献39.
Nonie Hinrichsen Lene Birk-Sørensen Finn Gottrup Vibeke Hjortdal 《Journal of plastic surgery and hand surgery》2013,47(3):243-248
Wound contraction is thought to be independent of site, and circular full-thickness skin wounds are thought not to contract completely. To verify these statements four circular full-thickness skin wounds were created on each side of eight pigs and randomised to treatment with either split-thickness skin grafts, or healing by secondary intention under a hydrocolloid dressing. Time to healing, contraction, and final scar shape were evaluated. The median healing time was 12 days (range 6-18) in the grafted wounds and 30 days (range 15-45) in the secondarily healing wounds. There were significant differences in healing time between the different sites on the pigs. In the secondarily healing group, medial-caudal wounds healed in 21 (15-21) days compared with lateral wounds which healed in 36 (21-45) days (p 相似文献
40.