Psychoanalytic initial interview and OPD-CA interview--no balancing act!

The application of the OPD-CA (Operationalised Psychodynamic Diagnostics in Childhood and Adolescence) for diagnostic purposes during the initial interview is no abdication of a psychoanalytic attitude. The study group OPD (2006, p. 289) proposed a "moderate structured action" for the investigation of the axes "interpersonal relations", "conflicts", "psychic structure", and "preconditions for treatment". But this is not a schematic checking. Space should be provided explicitly to a scenic development of the relationship-dynamics. In this article, the intersubjective character and the uniqueness of the conversation are underlined. Thus, the resulting diagnosis cannot be seen independently of the inner attitude and the concrete intervention of the interviewer. Certain phases of the interview that regularly ensue on the basis of the inherent dynamics and the "choreography" of a first meeting with a patient, are described in regard to the dynamic aspects and their significance in the OPD-Diagnostics. They are balanced with scenic points of view. Possible difficulties and suggestions for the practical handling are discussed on the basis of a case vignette.     

Detection and quantification of glenohumeral joint effusion: reliability of ultrasound

Objectives  

To evaluate reliability of ultrasound for detection and quantification of glenohumeral joint effusion.     

Combined exposure of Japanese quails to cyanotoxins, Newcastle virus and lead: oxidative stress responses

Wild birds are continually exposed to many anthropogenic and natural stressors in their habitats. Over the last decades, mass mortalities of wild birds constitute a serious problem and may possibly have more causations such as natural toxins including cyanotoxins, parasitic diseases, industrial chemicals and other anthropogenic contaminants. This study brings new knowledge on the effects of controlled exposure to multiple stressors in birds. The aim was to test the hypothesis that influence of cyanobacterial biomass, lead and antigenic load may combine to enhance the effects on birds, including modulation of antioxidative and detoxification responses. Eight treatment groups of model species Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) were exposed to various combinations of these stressors. The parameters of detoxification and oxidative stress were studied in liver and heart after 30 days of exposure. The antioxidative enzymatic defense in birds seems to be activated quite efficiently, which was documented by the elevated levels and activities of antioxidative and detoxification compounds and by the low incidence of damage to lipid membranes. The greatest modulations of glutathione level and activities of glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, superoxide dismutase, catalase and lipid peroxidation were shown mostly in the groups with combined multiple exposures. The results indicate that the antioxidative system plays an important role in the protective response of the tissues to applied stressors and that its greater induction helps to protect the birds from more serious damage. Most significant changes of these “defense” parameters in case of multiple stressors suggest activation of this universal mechanism in situation with complex exposure and its crucial role in protection of the bird health in the environment.     

Sapotexanthin, an A-provitamin carotenoid from red mamey (Pouteria sapota)

From the ripe fruits of red mamey (Pouteria sapota) sapotexanthin, a new carotenoid, was identified as (all-E,5'R)-β,κ-caroten-6'-one.     

Formulation aspects and ex-vivo examination of buccal drug delivery systems

Application of buccal dosage forms has several advantages. Buccal route can be used for systemic delivery because the mucosa has a rich blood supply and it is relatively permeable. This route of drug delivery is of special advantages, including the bypass of first pass effect and the avoidance of presystemic elimination within the GIT. Buccal delivery systems enable the systemic delivery of peptides and proteins. In our previous study the physiological background of this application and the excipients of the possible formulations were reviewed. In the present work the formulation and ex vivo examination aspects of buccal drug delivery systems are summarized.     

Absolute/relative bioavailability and metabolism of dodeca-2E,4E,8Z,10E/Z-tetraenoic acid isobutylamides (tetraenes) after intravenous and oral single doses to rats

The present study assessed the absolute and relative bioavailabilities of dodeca-2 E,4 E,8 Z,10 E/ Z-tetraenoic acid isobutylamides (tetraenes), the main bioactive constituents in Echinacea, administered as pure compounds or in the form of an Echinacea purpurea root extract preparation. Tetraenes were administered orally by gavage or intravenously in a dose of 0.75?mg/kg. The extract was administered orally in a dose of 158.6?mg/kg which corresponds to the same amount of tetraenes. Pharmacokinetic parameters of tetraenes were calculated by non-compartmental analysis using WinNonlin? 5.2 software. Mean dodeca-2 E,4 E,8 Z,10 E/ Z-tetraenoic acid isobutylamide dose-normalized plasma area under the concentration-time curve (AUC?-∞/dose) was 3.24?±?0.32?min?·?ng/mL/μg and 0.95?±?0.16?min?·?ng/mL/μg after iv and oral administrations, respectively, and 1.53?±?0.18?min?·?ng/mL/μg after oral administration of the Echinacea root extract. The absolute oral bioavailability of dodeca-2 E,4 E,8 Z,10 E/ Z-tetraenoic acid isobutylamides was 29.2?±?2.3?%, which was increased to 47.1?±?7.2?% (1.6-fold) by administration of the Echinacea extract. Administration of an Echinacea extract increased blood exposure with no impact on C(max), but prolonged the elimination half-life to 123.3?±?15.7?min in comparison to 35.8?±?6.5?min after administration of the pure dodeca-2 E,4 E,8 Z,10 E/ Z-tetraenoic acid isobutylamides.     

Increased cortisol awakening response and afternoon/evening cortisol output in healthy young adults with low early life parental care

Rationale  

Growing evidence from animal and human studies suggests a profound and long-lasting influence of early life experiences—ranging from variations in parenting behavior to severe adversity—on hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis function.     

Radiolabeling of PAMAM dendrimers conjugated to a pyridine-N-oxide DOTA analog with ¹¹¹In: Optimization of reaction conditions and biodistribution

Polyamidoamine dendrimers (PAMAMs) of generations 1 (G1) and 4 (G4) were conjugated with a bifunctional pyridine-N-oxide DOTA analog, 10-[(4-carboxy-1-oxidopyridin-2-yl)methyl]-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7-triacetic acid (H₄do3a-py^NO−C), through the pyridine-4-carboxylic acid group, and the conjugates were radiolabeled with indium-111. Reaction conditions for the radiolabelling were optimized. Both radiolabeled conjugates, G1-[¹¹¹In(do3a-py^NO−C)] and G4-[¹¹¹In(do3a-py^NO−C)], were kinetically stable for at least 48 h after preparation; in the presence of competitive ligands, the radiochemical purity of the conjugates slightly decreased (4-7%) over the same time period. The preclinical pharmacokinetics of both agents were evaluated. Biodistribution and elimination in rats were more favorable for the G1-[¹¹¹In(do3a-py^NO−C)] conjugate than G4-[¹¹¹In(do3a-py^NO−C)] conjugate. However, the G1-[¹¹¹In(do3a-py^NO−C)] conjugate was rapidly eliminated from the body, mainly through urine, while, significant and long-term radioactivity uptake in the liver and kidney was observed for the G4-[¹¹¹In(do3a-py^NO−C)] conjugate.