Effects of high and normal soyprotein breakfasts on satiety and subsequent energy intake,including amino acid and ‘satiety’ hormone responses

Background  The role of dietary protein in short term satiety is of interest with respect to body weight regulation. Aim  To compare the effects of a high versus a normal soyprotein breakfast on satiety and subsequent energy intake (EI), including ‘satiety’ hormones and plasma amino acid responses. Methods  Twenty-five healthy subjects (mean ± SEM, BMI: 23.9 ± 0.3 kg/m²; age: 22 ± 1 years) received a subject-specific standardized breakfast: a custard with soy as single protein type with either 10/55/35 (normal-protein) or 25/55/20 (high-protein) En% protein/carbohydrate/fat in a randomized, single-blind design. Appetite profile (Visual Analogue Scale, VAS), plasma glucose, insulin, Glucagon-like Peptide 1, ghrelin, and amino acid concentrations were determined for 4 h, determining the sensitive time point to assess EI. Since at 180 min glucose and insulin concentrations still were significantly different, in a second set of experiments subjects received an ad lib lunch at 180 min after the breakfasts; EI was assessed. Results  Overall the 25 En% soy-custard was rated as being more satiating than the 10 En% soy-custard (P < 0.01) and there was a difference at 20 min after breakfast (64 ± 5 vs. 52 ± 5 mmVAS, P < 0.05), related to higher postprandial taurine concentrations (P < 0.05). Insulin response was increased more after the 25 En% than after the 10 En% soy-custard (AUC: 7,520 ± 929 vs. 4,936 ± 468 mU/l h, P < 0.001). There was no difference in EI (25 En%: 3,212 ± 280 kJ vs. 10 En%: 3,098 ± 286 kJ, ns). Conclusion  A high soyprotein breakfast is more satiating than a normal soyprotein breakfast related to elevated taurine and insulin concentrations.     

Serum Thyroid-stimulating Hormone in Cerebrovascular Disease

ABSTRACT. A thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) test with serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) assays was performed in 22 euthyroid stroke patients without thyroid disease and the results were compared with those in 17 age-matched euthyroid controls. Basal and maximum TSH levels after TRH injeciton were significantly lower in the stroke group without elevation of basal serum thyroid hormone levels. There was a tendency towards an inverse relationship betweeen TSH levels and the degree of pareses of the extremities. The test was repeated in 7 stroke patients 3–4 months after the onset of stroke with essentially the same results. The abnormal TSH parameters in stroke patients seem to be the result of the brain lesion per se.     

Role of Surgery in Infective Endocarditis

ABSTRACT. One-hundred-and-thirteen patients with endocarditis and valvular insufficiency were studied retrospectively with special regard to indications for operation and the optimum time for cardiac valve surgery. Thirty patients (group I) had acute, 63 (group II) subacute and 20 (group III) prosthetic valve endocarditis. Group I: Eleven patients underwent surgery in the acute stage, 8 while bacteremic; 5 of the latter died perioperatively. Of the 19 patients treated medically, 16 died. Group II: All patients underwent operation in a bacteria-free state. The mortality was 5%. Group III: Eight patients had early (<60 days postoperatively) and 12 late endocarditis. Total mortality was 40% (71 % early and 25% late mortality). Ten patients underwent reoperation, with a mortality of 20%, compared with 60% in the medically treated group. The results support the indication for early operation in acute endocarditis with progressive cardiac failure and renal failure and prosthetic valve endocarditis, even during bacteremia.     

Vitamin K in preterm breastmilk with maternal supplementation

Six healthy lactating mothers who gave birth to preterm infants at a median post conceptional age of 29.5 (range 26-30) weeks were given 2.5 mg phylloquinone (vitamin K1) orally daily for 2 weeks beginning at a median postconceptional age of 31.5 (range 28–32) weeks. Phylloquinone was measured in the breastmilk daily for 14 d. Trough plasma phylloquinone concentrations were also determined on four occasions. Phylloquinone levels in the breastmilk increased from a baseline of 3 ± 2.3ngml^-1 to 22.6 ± 16.3 ng ml^-1 (mean ± SD) after the first dose ( p < 0:05); a gradual increase was noted until phylloquinone levels reached a plateau of 64.2 ± 31.4ng ml^-1 after the sixth daily dose.     

^1H磁共振波谱在大鼠C6脑胶质瘤致痫性评估中的应用

目的:1H磁共振波谱是研究活体脑组织及肿瘤组织代谢与生化指标测定的非侵袭技术,实验通过对种植C6脑胶质瘤大鼠的1H磁共振波谱在体观察,为非侵袭性评价肿瘤的致痫性提供帮助。方法:实验于2007-03/07在中国医科大学附属盛京医院中心实验室完成。①分组处理:选用雌性近交系Wistar大鼠共40只,随机分为实验组和对照组两组各20只。实验组制作C6脑胶质瘤移植动物模型,根据皮质脑电图记录结果确定癫痫发作,并将其分为致痫组与非致痫组;对照组在相同部位注射等量Ham'sF-12培养液。②观察指标:所有大鼠取出内置皮质电极后行1H磁共振波谱检查。分别选择肿瘤周围区及肿瘤实质区作为感兴趣区对每一体积元进行化学位移成像。所测定的主要代谢产物包括N-乙酰基天门冬氨酸、肌酸、胆碱、乳酸/脂质、谷氨酸及γ-氨基丁酸。以肌酸为参照波峰,分别计算各代谢产物与肌酸波的积分面积进行比较。结果:32只大鼠纳入结果分析。①实验组大鼠C6脑胶质瘤肿瘤实质区及肿瘤周围区胆碱及脂质波峰高于对照组(P<0.01,0.05);而肿瘤实质区N-乙酰基天门冬氨酸及谷氨酸波峰高于对照组(P<0.05)。②C6脑胶质瘤致痫组肿瘤周围区谷氨酸波峰高于非致痫组(P<0.01);而γ-氨基丁酸波峰低于非致痫组(P<0.01)。同时,肿瘤周围区乳酸/肌酸两组间比较差异也具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:①1H磁共振波谱检查可为脑胶质瘤的恶性程度及其侵袭性的活体判定提供依据。②通过活体监测肿瘤周围皮质谷氨酸与γ-氨基丁酸二者含量的变化,也可为非侵袭性评价肿瘤的致痫性提供帮助。     

A Study on Consciousness of Adolescent Girls About Their Body Image

Background:

Perceived body image is an important potential predictor of nutritional status. Body image misconception during adolescence is unexplored field in Indian girls.

Objectives:

To study the consciousness of adolescent girls about their body image.

Materials and Methods:

This multistage observational study was conducted on 586 adolescent girls of age 10–19 years in Lucknow district (151 from rural, 150 from slum, and 286 from urban area) of Uttar Pradesh, India. Information on desired and actual body size was collected with the help of predesigned questionnaire.

Results:

20.5% of studied girls show aspiration to become thin, who already perceived their body image as too thin. 73.4% adolescent girls were satisfied with their body image, while 26.6% were dissatisfied. The dissatisfaction was higher among girls of urban (30.2%) and slum (40.0%) areas in comparison to rural (22.5%) area. Percentage of satisfied girls was less in the 13–15 years (69.9%) age groups in comparison to 10–12 years (76.5%) and 16–19 years (76.4%). Among girls satisfied with their body image, 32.8% girls were found underweight, and 38.4% were stunted. Underweight girls (42.1%) and stunted girls (64.9%) were higher in number within satisfied girls of slum area. Among all of these adolescent girls, 32.8% of girls had overestimated their weight, while only 4.9% of girls had underestimated their weight.

Conclusions:

This study concludes that desire to become thin is higher in adolescent girls, even in those who already perceived their body image as too thin.     

Improved outcome for high-risk acute myeloid leukemia patients using autologous bone marrow transplantation and monoclonal antibody-purged bone marrow

We have conducted a 9-year multicenter trial of autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT) for acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Remission BM was purged in vitro using monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs; PM-81, AML-2- 23) and complement targeting myeloid differentiation antigens (CD15, CD14). In 1988, the preparative regimen changed from 60 mg/kg/d cyclophosphamide x 2 and fractionated total body irradiation (TBI) total dose, 1,200 cGy (Cy/fTBI), to 4 mg/kg/d busulfan x 4 and 60 mg/kg/d Cy x 2 (Bu/Cy2). Recent analysis (October 1, 1993) shows that the Bu/Cy2 regimen along with the same MoAb purging method yields an improved outcome. Seven first complete-remission (CR) (CR1), 45 second- or third-CR (CR2/3), and 11 first-relapse (R1) patients were treated with chemotherapy and TBI or chemotherapy alone followed by ABMT with MoAb-purged BM. Median age at ABMT for those patients in CR 2/3 and R1 patients was 36 years. Twenty-nine CR 2/3 and R1 patients were conditioned with Cy/fTBI, and 27 CR2/3 and R1 patients were conditioned with Bu/CY. Using the Kaplan-Meier method, the CY/fTBI, CR2/3, and R1 patients have a 3-year disease-free survival (DFS) of 21%. On the other hand, the Bu/Cy2, CR2/3, and R1 patients have a 3-year DFS of 48%. Nineteen CR2/3 and R1 patients relapsed post-ABMT. On analysis by conditioning regimen, those treated with Cy/fTBI have a 3-year relapse rate (RR) of 58%, whereas the patients conditioned with Bu/Cy2 have a 39% 3-year RR. Long-term DFS can be achieved in about 50% of patients with advanced remissions and relapsed AML using Bu/Cy2 with MoAb-purged BM.