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101.
Familial defective apolipoprotein B-100: a common cause of primary hypercholesterolemia 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
G. Rauh C. Keller H. Schuster G. Wolfram N. Zöllner 《Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany)》1992,70(1):77-84
Summary Familial defective apolipoprotein B-100 (FDB) is a recently identified dominantly inherited genetic disorder characterized by a decreased binding of low density lipoprotein (LDL) to the LDL receptor due to defective apo B-100. FD B is caused by a G to A mutation at nucleotide 10 708 in exon 26 of the apo B gene creating a substitution of glutamine for arginine in the codon for amino acid 3500. The arginine(3500) glutamine mutation has been observed in several populations in North America and Europe with a similar frequency of approximately 1/500 to 1/700. Haplotype analysis has demonstrated that the arginine(3500) glutamine mutation occurs on the same chromosomal background. The fact that all individuals with FDB are of Caucasian extraction implies that the mutation has its origin in this population. The arginine(3500) glutamine mutation has a profound impact of varying strength on the plasma LDL cholesterol level, leading to heterogeneous clinical expression comparable to classic familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) caused by a defective LDL receptor: tendon xanthoma, premature atherosclerosis and arcus lipoides. The present data suggest that the combination of these clinical features is no longer appropriate for the diagnosis of LDL-receptor-defective FH, but may be a common feature of a defective LDL receptor pathway originating either from defective LDL receptors or from malfunctioning ligand apo B-100.Abbreviations apo B-100
apolipoprotein B-100
- CAD
coronary artery diseae
- FDB
familial defective apolipoprotein B100
- FH
familial hypercholesterolemia
- HDL
high density lipoprotein
- HL
hyperlipidemia
- LDL
low density lipoprotein
- PAD
peripheral artery disease
- PCR
polymerase chain reaction
- VLDL
very low density lipoprotein 相似文献
102.
103.
Association of DNA-haplotypes in the human LDL-receptor gene with normal serum cholesterol levels 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
H. Schuster S. Humphries G. Rauh C. Held Ch. Keller G. Wolfram N. Zöllner 《Clinical genetics》1990,38(6):401-409
For the low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), many mutations have been characterized which identify this gene as one with an important role in lipid metabolism in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH). Genetic heterogeneity at this locus raises the possibility that the LDLR may also contribute to variation in cholesterol levels in the normocholesterolemic population. We have determined genotypes at the LDLR locus using restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) detected with the enzymes StuI, ApalI, PvuII and NcoI in 324 normocholesterolemic individuals from Germany. A significant association (p less than 0.01) was detected between the cutting site for the PvuII RFLP and lower cholesterol levels, and variation associated with this polymorphism explains 3% of the sample variance in cholesterol levels. In family studies we have determined four-RFLP haplotypes of 148 independent LDLR genes and have observed 9 haplotypes in the population. Three of these haplotypes containing the cutting site for PvuII are associated with a reduction in plasma LDL-cholesterol levels. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that these three haplotypes are related by evolutionary history, and this suggests that a single functionally important sequence change in the LDLR explains our observations. Our data confirm other reports and strongly suggest that the LDLR locus may be one of those genes involved in determining serum cholesterol levels in the normal population. 相似文献
104.
105.
Background
The Child Perceptions Questionnaires (CPQ8–10 and CPQ11–14) are indicators of child oral health-related quality of life. The aim of this study was to assess the validity and reliability of the self-applied CPQ8–10 and CPQ11–14 in Brazilian children, after translations and cultural adaptations in the Brazilian Portuguese language.Methods
Schoolchildren were recruited from general populations for pre-testing (n = 80), validity (n = 210), and test-retest reliability (n = 50) studies. They were also examined for dental caries, gingivitis, fluorosis, and malocclusion.Results
Children with greater dental caries experience in primary dentition had higher impacts on CPQ domains. Girls had higher scores for CPQ8–10 domains than boys. Mean CPQ11–14 scores were highest for 11-year-old children and lowest for 14-year-old children. Construct validity was supported by significant associations between the CPQ8–10 and CPQ11–14 scores and the global rating of oral health (r = 0.38, r = 0.43) and overall well-being (r = 0.39, r = 0.60), respectively. The Cronbach's alpha was 0.95 for both questionnaires. The test-retest reliabilities of the overall CPQ8–10 and CPQ11–14 scores were both excellent (ICC = 0.96, ICC = 0.92).Conclusion
The Brazilian Portuguese version of CPQ8–10 and CPQ11–14 was valuable and reliable for use in the Brazilian child population, although discriminant validity was sporadic due to the fact that impacts are mediated by others factors, such personal, social, and environmental variables. 相似文献106.
许多人都知道,有一个患者权利法案,但大多数患者不知道他们的权利。许多人只是按照医生告诉他们的去做。一些人甚至不问为什么。许多人不问为什么是因为他们不想耽误医生或护士的时间,或者可能缺少医疗知识,一些人甚至不知道要问些什么问题。护士们应该确信患者和家属知道他们的权利。美国医院协办(AHA)1973年首次起草了患者的权利法案,1992年做了修订。AHA起草这个文件的目的是为了支持那些提供最佳医护的医院和保健护理部门,但在过去只是把权利写进了文件中。这个文件也保护患者的权益。AHA建议所有的患者和保健护理部门都要知道这些… 相似文献
107.
Context:
Participation in high school sports has grown 16.1% over the last decade, but few studies have compared the overall injury risks in girls'' softball and boys'' baseball.Objective:
To examine the incidence of injury in high school softball and baseball players.Design:
Cohort study.Setting:
Greenville, South Carolina, high schools.Patients or Other Participants:
Softball and baseball players (n = 247) from 11 high schools.Main Outcome Measure(s):
Injury rates, locations, types; initial or subsequent injury; practice or game setting; positions played; seasonal trends.Results:
The overall incidence injury rate was 4.5/1000 athlete-exposures (AEs), with more injuries overall in softball players (5.6/1000 AEs) than in baseball players (4.0/1000 AEs). Baseball players had a higher initial injury rate (75.9/1000 AEs) than softball players (66.4/1000 AEs): rate ratio (RR) = 0.88, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.4, 1.7. The initial injury rate was higher than the subsequent injury rate for the overall sample (P < .0001) and for softball (P < .0001) and baseball (P < .001) players. For both sports, the injury rate during games (4.6/1000 AEs) was similar to that during practices (4.1/1000 AEs), RR = 1.22, 95% CI = 0.7, 2.2. Softball players were more likely to be injured in a game than were baseball players (RR = 1.92, 95% CI = 0.8, 4.3). Most injuries (77%) were mild (3.5/1000 AEs). The upper extremity accounted for the highest proportion of injuries (63.3%). The incidence of injury for pitchers was 37.3% and for position players was 15.3%. The rate of injury was highest during the first month of the season (7.96/1000 AEs).Conclusions:
The incidence of injury was low for both softball and baseball. Most injuries were minor and affected the upper extremity. The injury rates were highest in the first month of the season, so prevention strategies should be focused on minimizing injuries and monitoring players early in the season. 相似文献108.
Demirjian S Chertow GM Zhang JH O'Connor TZ Vitale J Paganini EP Palevsky PM;VA/NIH Acute Renal Failure Trial Network 《Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology》2011,6(9):2114-2120
Summary
Background and objectives
Acute kidney injury (AKI) requiring dialysis is associated with high mortality. Most prognostic tools used to describe case complexity and to project patient outcome lack predictive accuracy when applied in patients with AKI. In this study, we developed an AKI-specific predictive model for 60-day mortality and compared the model to the performance of two generic (Sequential Organ Failure Assessment [SOFA] and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II [APACHE II]) scores, and a disease specific (Cleveland Clinic [CCF]) score.Design, setting, participants, & measurements
Data from 1122 subjects enrolled in the Veterans Affairs/National Institutes of Health Acute Renal Failure Trial Network study; a multicenter randomized trial of intensive versus less intensive renal support in critically ill patients with AKI conducted between November 2003 and July 2007 at 27 VA- and university-affiliated centers.Results
The 60-day mortality was 53%. Twenty-one independent predictors of 60-day mortality were identified. The logistic regression model exhibited good discrimination, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of 0.85 (0.83 to 0.88), and a derived integer risk score yielded a value of 0.80 (0.77 to 0.83). Existing scoring systems, including APACHE II, SOFA, and CCF, when applied to our cohort, showed relatively poor discrimination, reflected by areas under the ROC curve of 0.68 (0.64 to 0.71), 0.69 (0.66 to 0.73), and 0.65 (0.62 to 0.69), respectively.Conclusions
Our new risk model outperformed existing generic and disease-specific scoring systems in predicting 60-day mortality in critically ill patients with AKI. The current model requires external validation before it can be applied to other patient populations. 相似文献109.
110.