甲氟哌酸体外抗菌活性及对耐药感染者的治疗

对天津市新近临床分离的414株细菌进行了甲氟哌酸(Pflx)和氟哌酸(Nflx)体外抗菌活性研究。结果显示Pflx对绝大多数肠杆菌和细菌、不动杆菌有良好抗菌活性,抑菌率>90％。对绿脓杆菌、MSSA及凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌有中度抗菌作用,抑菌率分别为85％、87.5％、87.5％。对MRSA和链球菌抗菌活性稍差,抑菌率在40％～68.42％之间。Nflx体外抗菌活性和Pflx相似。此外,18例药敏试验耐Pflx和Nflx细菌感染患者,经Pflx治疗,肺化脓症1例显效,余17例难治性尿路感染者1例痊愈、9例显效、5例进步、2例无效。     

~（99m）Tc－新半乳糖白蛋白体外受体介导结合特性的研究

本文报道￣９９ｍＴｃ－新半乳糖白蛋白（￣９９ｍＴｃ－ＮＧＡ）与大鼠肝细胞膜进行体外结合试验。结果表明：￣９９ｍＴｃ－ＮＧＡ系与肝细胞膜上的高亲和力低容量（Ｋ＿１：８．４０８９×１０￣９Ｌ／ｍｏｌ；Ｒ＿１：１．７３５０×１０￣（－１２）ｍｏｌ／ｍｇ）和低亲和力高容量（Ｋ＿２：２．０８２７×１０￣８Ｌ／ｍｏｌ；Ｒ＿２：６．９５３０×１０￣（－１２）ｍｏｌ／ｍｇ）２个结合位点相结合，其结合表现出高特异性、可饱和性及对细胞膜蛋白浓度的线性依赖性，具备受体介导结合的基本特征。￣（９９ｍ）Ｔｃ－ＮＧＡ是一个很有希望的肝受体显像剂。     

硫酸镍对红细胞毒性研究

健康小鼠腹腔注射硫酸镍10.0,5.0,2.5mg/kg,导致外周血中红细胞增高,血红蛋白不变或降低,红细胞中点彩红细胞和碱粒红细胞占有比值明显增高,网织红细胞含量升高、提示镍对外周血红细胞有毒性损害。     

Punch technique--an alternative approach to the repair of pierced earlobe deformities

The punch technique of repairing pierced earlobe deformities is a practical and simplified alternative to the usual method of repair. The procedure can easily be performed in any dermatology office since the instruments required are very basic. The technique is presented in a series of illustrations, and the results are cosmetically acceptable.     

Production and characterization of genetically engineered antibody molecules

Expression of antibody heavy- and light-chain genes by transfection permits the production of monoclonal antibodies with improved biological and antigen-binding properties. The immunoglobulin genes are placed in vectors containing a gene for encoding a protein that provides a biochemically selectable function in eukaryotic cells; these vectors are transfected into myeloma and hybridoma cells. Selection of drug-resistant cells permits the efficient isolation of the rare cells that express the transfected DNA. By placing heavy and light chains on plasmids with different selectable markers, one can deliver heavy- and light-chain genes simultaneously to the same cell. The transfected immunoglobulin genes are efficiently expressed and the proteins produced are a faithful mirror of the genes that were introduced. Using the standard techniques of genetic engineering and gene transfection, we can now produce antibodies of widely varying structures, including chimeric antibodies with segments derived from different species. These antibodies provide useful reagents to study structure-function relationships within the antibody molecule. Ultimately it will be possible to produce a new generation of antibody molecules with improved antigen-binding properties and effector functions.     

Studie über eine alte Leiche von der Zeit der Streitenden Reiche aus dem Grab Nr. 1 am Guo-Jia-Gang in Stadt Jingmen der Provinz Hubei

An ancient femal corpse excavated from the robbed tomb No. 1 at Guo-Jia-Gang in Jingmen city of Hubei Province was studied. It was confirmed that the corpse was buried more than 2 300 years ago, namely at the middle stage of the Warring States period and is the earliest one of the ancient coffin corpses unearthed in China sofar. It is of the same type as the ancient corpses of Weatern Han Dynasty excavated from tomb No. 1 at Ma-Wang-Dui in Changsha City and from the tomb No. 168 at Phoenix Hill in Jinagling City respectively. The collagenous fibers of connective tissue from all parts in the corpse were well preserved, showing fine ultrastructure with clear periodical cross banding, and a lot of bacterial spores were found between them. In addition, a large number of eggs ofclonorchis sinensis andtrichuris trichiura were found in the content of the bowel. The level and the cause of good preservation were discussed and it was believed that the good preservation may resulte from the combined effect of the internal and external environmental factors around the corpse.     

Effect of exercise on repetitive nerve stimulation studies: new appraisal of an old technique.

Repetitive nerve stimulation (RNS) is a simple and rapid method for evaluation of neuromuscular transmission defects. Although the effect of exercise in conjunction with RNS is well recognized, it has not been standardized in actual patient and control groups. In a prospective study over a period of 1 year, the authors evaluated the effect of exercise in conjunction with RNS in comparison with conventional 3-Hz RNS at rest in the clinical setting. Fifty-four patients who were referred for possible neuromuscular transmission disorders, in addition to 35 healthy control subjects, were studied. Amplitude and area decremental responses with RNS at rest and after 20 seconds of maximal exercise at 1-minute intervals up to 3 minutes were evaluated. The use of RNS with exercise resulted in additional diagnostic yield of up to 36.4% compared with conventional 3-Hz RNS at rest. The standardized use of exercise with RNS is advocated for increasing its diagnostic yield in the neurophysiologic laboratory.     

Nucleotide polymorphism in colicin E1 and Ia plasmids from natural isolates of Escherichia coli.

We examined DNA sequence polymorphism for the colicin gene clusters of seven ColE1 and six ColIa plasmids obtained from natural isolates of Escherichia coli. These gene clusters harbor levels of nucleotide diversity ranging from 0.006 (ColIa) to 0.054 (ColE1). This level of diversity is similar to that observed for chromosomally encoded E. coli genes. However, the variance associated with these estimates is severalfold higher for the plasmid-encoded genes. This increased variance may be due to the differing plasmid population sizes. The pattern of colicin gene cluster polymorphism suggests that the two colicins are evolving in different fashions. ColE1 accumulates polymorphism at an elevated rate in the central domain of the colicin protein, while ColIa polymorphism is distributed evenly along the gene cluster. Comparison of the patterns of divergence between colicin and related proteins of ColIa and Ib and patterns of polymorphism within ColIa suggest that this gene cluster is not evolving in a neutral fashion. These data lend support to the hypothesis that colicin gene clusters may evolve under the influence of diversifying selection.     

Anesthesia and/or Sedation for Pulsed Dye Laser Therapy

One of the most exciting developments in pediatric dermatology has been the use of the flashlamp-pumped, 585-nm, pulsed dye laser for treatment of vascular birthmarks. In many cases the results are miraculous. The increase in self-esteem and happiness of many children and adolescents has been overwhelming; for some, depression has been lifted, stuttering has ceased, social involvement has increased, and antidepressants have been discontinued. There are many success stories to tell.
Despite the remarkable effects of the pulsed dye laser and the medical and psychosocial indications for its use, the issue of pain control remains significant. We have no perfect outpatient pediatric anesthetic. Most methods carry either some risk or, if not hazardous, often are not very effective for controlling pain. Needless to say, a diversity of opinions exist on how to manage discomfort from this treatment modality. Therefore, we thought it would be useful to share the experiences and opinions of several dermatologists who have extensive experience with the pulsed dye laser.