全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1842篇 |
免费 | 89篇 |
国内免费 | 22篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 8篇 |
儿科学 | 100篇 |
妇产科学 | 8篇 |
基础医学 | 573篇 |
口腔科学 | 16篇 |
临床医学 | 84篇 |
内科学 | 246篇 |
皮肤病学 | 11篇 |
神经病学 | 184篇 |
特种医学 | 326篇 |
外科学 | 238篇 |
综合类 | 16篇 |
预防医学 | 40篇 |
眼科学 | 8篇 |
药学 | 35篇 |
中国医学 | 1篇 |
肿瘤学 | 59篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 4篇 |
2022年 | 7篇 |
2021年 | 22篇 |
2020年 | 18篇 |
2019年 | 23篇 |
2018年 | 26篇 |
2017年 | 46篇 |
2016年 | 35篇 |
2015年 | 46篇 |
2014年 | 62篇 |
2013年 | 72篇 |
2012年 | 83篇 |
2011年 | 96篇 |
2010年 | 47篇 |
2009年 | 54篇 |
2008年 | 91篇 |
2007年 | 121篇 |
2006年 | 73篇 |
2005年 | 49篇 |
2004年 | 35篇 |
2003年 | 41篇 |
2002年 | 36篇 |
2001年 | 27篇 |
2000年 | 20篇 |
1999年 | 21篇 |
1998年 | 51篇 |
1997年 | 43篇 |
1996年 | 58篇 |
1995年 | 46篇 |
1994年 | 36篇 |
1993年 | 41篇 |
1992年 | 20篇 |
1991年 | 20篇 |
1990年 | 22篇 |
1989年 | 43篇 |
1988年 | 49篇 |
1987年 | 40篇 |
1986年 | 29篇 |
1985年 | 51篇 |
1984年 | 33篇 |
1983年 | 25篇 |
1982年 | 29篇 |
1981年 | 32篇 |
1980年 | 20篇 |
1979年 | 16篇 |
1978年 | 7篇 |
1977年 | 31篇 |
1976年 | 21篇 |
1975年 | 15篇 |
1968年 | 4篇 |
排序方式: 共有1953条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
71.
72.
Injury to the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) is one of the most common iatrogenic complications of thyroid surgery. The anatomical course of the nerve also increases its susceptibility to injury and many variations have been documented in the literature. The topographical relationship of the RLN to the ligament of Berry has been extensively studied over the past decades. The consensus in the literature is divided with several authors reporting the nerve to be embedded within the ligament and others reporting a constant finding of the nerve being posterolateral to the ligament. A new operative concept has been recently introduced as a possible resolution for the conflicting reports among authors. Further investigations are needed, however, to assess its reliability and overall effects on clinical outcomes. 相似文献
73.
Mekhail TM Kawanishi-Tabata R Tubbs R Novick A Elson P Ganapathi R Ganapathi M Bukowski R 《Urologic oncology》2003,21(6):424-430
Limited information is available on the correlation of telomerase activity and the clinical and pathological characteristics, in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Telomerase repeat amplification protocol (TRAP) was used to measure telomerase activity in frozen RCC specimens from partial/radical nephrectomies performed between 1987 and 1991. Presence of tumor tissue was verified by a pathologist using hematoxylin and eosin stained sections. RNA was measured to ensure the presence of intact protein necessary for telomerase expression. Data on demographics, tumor type, and stage at presentation, local recurrence, distant metastasis, disease-free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS) was collected, and telomerase activity was correlated with each of these variables. Forty-nine of 67 patients (73%) were telomerase positive (+ve). Gender and stage were the only variables that appeared to be associated with telomerase positivity. Tumors were telomerase +ve in 12/21 females (57 %) vs. 37/46 males (80%) (P = 0.07). Tumors were telomerase +ve in 85% of Stage IV, 76% of Stage III, and 70% of Stage I/II patients (P = 0.12). Five-year survival was 0% for Stage IV, 57% for Stage III, and 77% for Stage I/II patients (P < 0.001), DFS 54% for stage III and 84% for Stage I/II patients (P = 0.05). Telomerase activity, however, was not related to survival in either univariate or multivariate analysis. In patients with telomerase +ve tumors 5-year survival was 55%, and with telomerase −ve tumors 58% (P = 0.56). Stage was the only variable associated with OS or DFS in clear cell RCC patients. In patients with advanced disease, there is a high incidence of telomerase positivity was found, within this limited sample, however, no correlation with survival was found. 相似文献
74.
Nihal Apaydin Murat Bozkurt Marios Loukas R. Shane Tubbs Ali F. Esmer 《Surgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA》2009,31(6):415-418
The position of the inferior gluteal nerve (IGN) makes it vulnerable to iatrogenic injury during posterior and posterolateral
approaches to the hip. Although the posterior approach has been reported to be the most frequently used technique, it is most
likely to be associated with damage to the IGN. As there is scant information in the literature regarding the course and the
anatomic relationships of the IGN, we aimed to investigate the anatomic course of the IGN and define the anatomical landmarks
that can be used by surgeons during posterior approaches to the hip. Thirty-six gluteal regions from adult fixed cadavers
were used for this study. A triangular-shaped anatomic area that contains the IGN was defined. This geometric area was formed
by connecting the following points: posterior inferior iliac spine (PIIS) (apex), ischial tuberosity (IT) and greater trochanter
(GT). This triangle can further be divided into two, the upper triangle being the “danger zone” since it contains the IGN
and its branches. The closest mean distance between the point of IGN origin and the PIIS, IT and the GT was 3.2, 4.8 and 5.4 cm,
respectively. In all specimens, the nerve entered the deep surface of the gluteus maximus approximately 5.4 cm from the apex
of the GT and approached the GT as close as 0.8 cm, on average. Based on our study, dividing the gluteus maximus with standard
techniques may damage the IGN. Posterior minimally invasive approaches to the hip should take into account the point of entry
of the IGN into the gluteus maximus. Localization of the IGN by using the anatomic triangle defined in this study may decrease
surgical morbidity. 相似文献
75.
76.
ER Brown KA Charles SA Hoare RL Rye DI Jodrell RE Aird R Vora U Prabhakar M Nakada RE Corringham M DeWitte C Sturgeon D Propper FR Balkwill JF Smyth 《Annals of oncology》2008,19(7):1340-1346
BACKGROUND: Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is an important regulator of the chronic inflammation contributing to tumour progression. Infliximab, an anti-TNF-alpha monoclonal antibody was investigated in this trial of patients with advanced cancer. The primary objectives were to determine the safety profile and biological response of infliximab in a cancer population. Clinical response was a secondary objective. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Forty-one patients received infliximab at 5 mg/kg (n = 21) or 10 mg/kg (n = 20) i.v. at 0 and 2 weeks and then every 4 weeks. Post-treatment samples were measured for changes in plasma and serum TNF-alpha, CCL2, IL-6 and C-reactive protein (CRP). RESULTS: Infliximab was well tolerated with no dose-limiting toxic effects. At both doses of infliximab, neutralisation of serum TNF-alpha was observed after 1 h while plasma CCL2, IL-6 and serum CRP were decreased 24 and 48 h following infliximab administration. Seven patients experienced disease stablisation (range 10-50+ weeks). There was no evidence of disease acceleration in any patient. CONCLUSIONS: Infliximab treatment was safe and well tolerated in patients with advanced cancer. There was evidence of biological activity with baseline TNF-alpha and CCL2 being correlated with infliximab response. 相似文献
77.
78.
Tubbs R Skacel M Pettay J Powell R Myles J Hicks D Sreenan J Roche P Stoler MH Hainfeld J 《The American journal of surgical pathology》2002,26(7):908-913
Clinical laboratory testing for HER-2/neu gene amplification by fluorescence in situ hybridization is not widely used in diagnostic pathology laboratories. A bright field alternative permitting direct visualization of gene amplification using conventional microscopy may be more readily incorporated into routine diagnostic pathology practice. Interobserver reproducibility represents an important component of the validation of such an assay. We tested the hypothesis that a first-generation bright field alternative to fluorescence in situ hybridization, a Nanogold (Nanoprobes, Inc, Yaphank, NY, USA) (or gold-label)/autometallographic assay for HER-2/neu gene amplification in breast carcinoma, can be reproducibly interpreted by pathologists. Reference standard was direct fluorescence in situ hybridization supplemented by RNA/RNA in situ hybridization. Reproducibility of selected conventional histologic parameters was captured based on a hematoxylin and eosin slide accompanying the GOLDFISH preparation (gold-facilitated autometallographic in situ hybridization) as an indication of comparative reproducibility. The average kappa among GOLDFISH observers was 0.84, which was at least or concordant of observers scoring nuclear grade (kappa = 0.50) and the presence of in situ carcinoma (kappa = 0.57) by conventional histopathology. The GOLDFISH assay was specifically designed for qualitative interpretation, thus obviating the need for oil immersion microscopy and signal enumeration, and its interpretation was highly reproducible among five pathologists. 相似文献
79.
BACKGROUND: Ovarian plasmacytomas are a unique and unusual presentation of extramedullary plasmacytomas (EMP). A report of the seventh such case is presented with review of the previous six cases. METHODS: Surgical and medical staging were performed on the present case. The literature is reviewed. RESULTS: EMP involving the ovary is usually large at the time of presentation, more likely involving the left side, and without evidence of disseminated disease. As in other plasma cell dyscrasia, IgG paraprotein is more frequently involved. CONCLUSION: Adjuvant treatment for ovarian plasmacytomas is not clearly established; however, if complete surgical resection is achieved and no evidence of multiple myeloma is found, observation should be strongly considered. 相似文献
80.